NCERT Textbook: नौकर | Hindi (Vasant) Class 6 PDF Download

 Page 1


90  oLkar
vkJe esa xkaèkh dbZ ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&pkdj djrs gSaA ftl
”kekus esa os cSfjLVjh ls g”kkjksa #i;s dekrs Fks] ml le; Hkh os izfrfnu lqcg vius
gkFk ls pDdh ij vkVk ihlk djrs FksA pDdh pykus esa dLrwjck vkSj muosQ yM+osQ
Hkh gkFk c¡Vkrs FksA bl izdkj ?kj esa jksVh cukus osQ fy, eghu ;k eksVk vkVk os [kqn ihl
ysrs FksA lkcjerh vkJe esa Hkh xkaèkh us filkbZ dk dke tkjh j[kkA og pDdh dks Bhd
djus esa dHkh&dHkh ?kaVksa esgur djrs FksA ,d ckj ,d dk;ZdrkZ us dgk fd vkJe esa
vkVk de iM+ x;k gSA vkVk filokus esa gkFk c¡Vkus osQ fy, xkaèkh I
+
kQkSju mBdj [kM+s
ukSdj
13
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


90  oLkar
vkJe esa xkaèkh dbZ ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&pkdj djrs gSaA ftl
”kekus esa os cSfjLVjh ls g”kkjksa #i;s dekrs Fks] ml le; Hkh os izfrfnu lqcg vius
gkFk ls pDdh ij vkVk ihlk djrs FksA pDdh pykus esa dLrwjck vkSj muosQ yM+osQ
Hkh gkFk c¡Vkrs FksA bl izdkj ?kj esa jksVh cukus osQ fy, eghu ;k eksVk vkVk os [kqn ihl
ysrs FksA lkcjerh vkJe esa Hkh xkaèkh us filkbZ dk dke tkjh j[kkA og pDdh dks Bhd
djus esa dHkh&dHkh ?kaVksa esgur djrs FksA ,d ckj ,d dk;ZdrkZ us dgk fd vkJe esa
vkVk de iM+ x;k gSA vkVk filokus esa gkFk c¡Vkus osQ fy, xkaèkh I
+
kQkSju mBdj [kM+s
ukSdj
13
Rationalised 2023-24
ukSdj  91
gks x,A xsg¡w ihlus ls igys mls chudj lkI
+
kQ djus ij og ”kksj nsrs FksA dkSihuèkkjh bl
egku O;fDr dks vukt churs ns[kdj muls feyus okys yksx gSjr esa iM+ tkrs FksA
ckgjh yksxksa osQ lkeus 'kkjhfjd esgur dk dke djrs xkaèkh dks 'keZ ugha yxrh FkhA
,d ckj muosQ ikl dkWyst osQ dksbZ Nk=k feyus vk,A mudks vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ vius
Kku dk cM+k xoZ FkkA xkaèkh ls ckrphr osQ var esa os cksys] ¶ckiw] ;fn eSa vkidh dksbZ
lsok dj low¡Q rks Ñi;k eq>s vo'; crk,¡A¸ mUgas vk'kk Fkh fd ckiw mUgsa oqQN
fy[kus&i<+us dk dke nsaxsA xkaèkh us muosQ eu dh ckr rkM+ yh vkSj cksys] ¶vxj
vkiosQ ikl le; gks] rks bl Fkkyh osQ xsgw¡ chu Mkfy,A¸ vkxarqd cM+h eqf'dy esa
iM+ x,] ysfdu vc rks dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA ,d ?kaVs rd xsgw¡ chuus osQ ckn og Fkd
x, vkSj xkaèkh ls fonk ek¡x dj py fn,A
oqQN o"kks± rd xkaèkh us vkJe osQ HkaMkj dk dke laHkkyus esa enn nhA losjs dh
izkFkZuk osQ ckn os jlksbZ?kj esa tkdj lfC”k;k¡ Nhyrs FksA jlksbZ?kj ;k HkaMkjs esa vxj os
dgha xanxh ;k edM+h dk tkyk ns[k ikrs Fks rks vius lkfFk;ksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa ysrsA mUgsa
lC”kh] iQy vkSj vukt osQ ikSf"Vd xq.kksa dk Kku FkkA
,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh us fcuk èkks, vkyw dkV
fn,A xkaèkh us mls le>k;k fd vkyw vkSj uhacw dks
fcuk èkks, ugha dkVuk pkfg,A ,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh
dks oqQN ,sls osQys fn, x, ftuosQ fNyoQksa ij dkys
pDrs iM+ x, FksA mlus cgqr cqjk ekukA rc xkaèkh us
mls le>k;k fd ;s tYnh ip tkrs gSa vkSj rqEgsa
[kklrkSj ij blfy, fn, x, gSa fd rqEgkjk gk”kek
de”kksj gSA xkaèkh vkJeokfl;ksa dks vdlj Lo;a gh
Hkkstu ijkslrs FksA bl dkj.k os cspkjs csLokn mcyh
gqbZ ph”kksa osQ fo#¼ oqQN dg Hkh ugha ikrs FksA nf{k.k
vizQhdk dh ,d tsy esa os lSdM+ksa oSQfn;ksa dks fnu esa
nks ckj Hkkstu ijkslus dk dk;Z dj Hkh pqosQ FksA
vkJe dk ,d fu;e ;g Fkk fd lc yksx vius
cjru [kqn lkI
+
kQ djsaA jlksbZ osQ cjru ckjh&ckjh ls
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


90  oLkar
vkJe esa xkaèkh dbZ ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&pkdj djrs gSaA ftl
”kekus esa os cSfjLVjh ls g”kkjksa #i;s dekrs Fks] ml le; Hkh os izfrfnu lqcg vius
gkFk ls pDdh ij vkVk ihlk djrs FksA pDdh pykus esa dLrwjck vkSj muosQ yM+osQ
Hkh gkFk c¡Vkrs FksA bl izdkj ?kj esa jksVh cukus osQ fy, eghu ;k eksVk vkVk os [kqn ihl
ysrs FksA lkcjerh vkJe esa Hkh xkaèkh us filkbZ dk dke tkjh j[kkA og pDdh dks Bhd
djus esa dHkh&dHkh ?kaVksa esgur djrs FksA ,d ckj ,d dk;ZdrkZ us dgk fd vkJe esa
vkVk de iM+ x;k gSA vkVk filokus esa gkFk c¡Vkus osQ fy, xkaèkh I
+
kQkSju mBdj [kM+s
ukSdj
13
Rationalised 2023-24
ukSdj  91
gks x,A xsg¡w ihlus ls igys mls chudj lkI
+
kQ djus ij og ”kksj nsrs FksA dkSihuèkkjh bl
egku O;fDr dks vukt churs ns[kdj muls feyus okys yksx gSjr esa iM+ tkrs FksA
ckgjh yksxksa osQ lkeus 'kkjhfjd esgur dk dke djrs xkaèkh dks 'keZ ugha yxrh FkhA
,d ckj muosQ ikl dkWyst osQ dksbZ Nk=k feyus vk,A mudks vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ vius
Kku dk cM+k xoZ FkkA xkaèkh ls ckrphr osQ var esa os cksys] ¶ckiw] ;fn eSa vkidh dksbZ
lsok dj low¡Q rks Ñi;k eq>s vo'; crk,¡A¸ mUgas vk'kk Fkh fd ckiw mUgsa oqQN
fy[kus&i<+us dk dke nsaxsA xkaèkh us muosQ eu dh ckr rkM+ yh vkSj cksys] ¶vxj
vkiosQ ikl le; gks] rks bl Fkkyh osQ xsgw¡ chu Mkfy,A¸ vkxarqd cM+h eqf'dy esa
iM+ x,] ysfdu vc rks dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA ,d ?kaVs rd xsgw¡ chuus osQ ckn og Fkd
x, vkSj xkaèkh ls fonk ek¡x dj py fn,A
oqQN o"kks± rd xkaèkh us vkJe osQ HkaMkj dk dke laHkkyus esa enn nhA losjs dh
izkFkZuk osQ ckn os jlksbZ?kj esa tkdj lfC”k;k¡ Nhyrs FksA jlksbZ?kj ;k HkaMkjs esa vxj os
dgha xanxh ;k edM+h dk tkyk ns[k ikrs Fks rks vius lkfFk;ksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa ysrsA mUgsa
lC”kh] iQy vkSj vukt osQ ikSf"Vd xq.kksa dk Kku FkkA
,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh us fcuk èkks, vkyw dkV
fn,A xkaèkh us mls le>k;k fd vkyw vkSj uhacw dks
fcuk èkks, ugha dkVuk pkfg,A ,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh
dks oqQN ,sls osQys fn, x, ftuosQ fNyoQksa ij dkys
pDrs iM+ x, FksA mlus cgqr cqjk ekukA rc xkaèkh us
mls le>k;k fd ;s tYnh ip tkrs gSa vkSj rqEgsa
[kklrkSj ij blfy, fn, x, gSa fd rqEgkjk gk”kek
de”kksj gSA xkaèkh vkJeokfl;ksa dks vdlj Lo;a gh
Hkkstu ijkslrs FksA bl dkj.k os cspkjs csLokn mcyh
gqbZ ph”kksa osQ fo#¼ oqQN dg Hkh ugha ikrs FksA nf{k.k
vizQhdk dh ,d tsy esa os lSdM+ksa oSQfn;ksa dks fnu esa
nks ckj Hkkstu ijkslus dk dk;Z dj Hkh pqosQ FksA
vkJe dk ,d fu;e ;g Fkk fd lc yksx vius
cjru [kqn lkI
+
kQ djsaA jlksbZ osQ cjru ckjh&ckjh ls
Rationalised 2023-24
92  oLkar
oqQN yksx ny ck¡èkdj èkksrs FksA ,d
fnu xkaèkh us cM+s&cM+s irhyksa dks [kqn
lkI
+
kQ djus dk dke vius Åij fy;kA
bu irhyksa dh isanh esa [kwc dkfy[k
yxh FkhA jk[k Hkjs gkFkksa ls og ,d
irhys dks [kwc ”kksj&”kksj ls jxM+us esa
yxs gq, Fks fd rHkh dLrwjck ogk¡ vk
xb±A mUgksaus irhys dks idM+ fy;k
vkSj cksyha] ¶;g dke vkidk ugha gSA
bls djus dks vkSj cgqr ls yksx gSaA¸
xkaèkh dks yxk fd mudh ckr eku
ysus esa gh cqf¼ekuh gS vkSj os pqipki
dLrwjck dks mu cjruksa dh lI
+
kQkbZ
lkSaidj pys vk,A cjru ,dne pedrs u gksa] rc rd xkaèkh dks larks"k ugha gksrk FkkA
,d ckj tsy esa mudks tks ennxkj fn;k x;k Fkk mlosQ dke ls vlarq"V gksdj mUgksaus
crk;k Fkk fd os [kqn oSQls yksgs osQ cjruksa dks Hkh ek¡t dj pk¡nh&lk pedk ldrs FksA
tc vkJe dk fuekZ.k gks jgk Fkk ml le; ogk¡ vkus okys oqQN esgekuksa dks racqvksa esa
lksuk iM+rk FkkA ,d uokxr dks irk ugha Fkk fd viuk fcLrj dgk¡ j[kuk pkfg,] blfy,
mlus fcLrj dks yisVdj j[k fn;k vkSj ;g irk yxkus x;k fd mls dgk¡ j[kuk gSA ykSVrs
le; mlus ns[kk fd xkaèkh [kqn mldk fcLrj OkaQèks ij mBk, j[kus pys tk jgs gSaA
vkJe osQ fy, ckgj cus oqQ,¡ ls ikuh [khapus dk dke Hkh os jks”k djrs FksA ,d
fnu xkaèkh oqQN vLoLFk Fks vkSj pDdh ij vkVk ihlus osQ dke esa fgLlk c¡Vk pqosQ
FksA muosQ ,d lkFkh us mUgsa FkdkoV ls cpkus osQ fy, vU; vkJeokfl;ksa dh lgk;rk
ls lHkh cM+s&NksVs cjruksa esa ikuh Hkj MkykA xkaèkh dks ;g ckr ilan ugha vkbZ] eu esa
oqQN Bsl Hkh yxhA mUgksaus cPpksa osQ ugkus dk ,d Vc mBk fy;k vkSj oqQ,¡ ls mlesa
ikuh Hkjdj Vc dks flj ij mBkdj vkJe esa ys vk,A cspkjs dk;ZdrkZ dks cgqr
iNrkok gqvkA
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


90  oLkar
vkJe esa xkaèkh dbZ ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&pkdj djrs gSaA ftl
”kekus esa os cSfjLVjh ls g”kkjksa #i;s dekrs Fks] ml le; Hkh os izfrfnu lqcg vius
gkFk ls pDdh ij vkVk ihlk djrs FksA pDdh pykus esa dLrwjck vkSj muosQ yM+osQ
Hkh gkFk c¡Vkrs FksA bl izdkj ?kj esa jksVh cukus osQ fy, eghu ;k eksVk vkVk os [kqn ihl
ysrs FksA lkcjerh vkJe esa Hkh xkaèkh us filkbZ dk dke tkjh j[kkA og pDdh dks Bhd
djus esa dHkh&dHkh ?kaVksa esgur djrs FksA ,d ckj ,d dk;ZdrkZ us dgk fd vkJe esa
vkVk de iM+ x;k gSA vkVk filokus esa gkFk c¡Vkus osQ fy, xkaèkh I
+
kQkSju mBdj [kM+s
ukSdj
13
Rationalised 2023-24
ukSdj  91
gks x,A xsg¡w ihlus ls igys mls chudj lkI
+
kQ djus ij og ”kksj nsrs FksA dkSihuèkkjh bl
egku O;fDr dks vukt churs ns[kdj muls feyus okys yksx gSjr esa iM+ tkrs FksA
ckgjh yksxksa osQ lkeus 'kkjhfjd esgur dk dke djrs xkaèkh dks 'keZ ugha yxrh FkhA
,d ckj muosQ ikl dkWyst osQ dksbZ Nk=k feyus vk,A mudks vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ vius
Kku dk cM+k xoZ FkkA xkaèkh ls ckrphr osQ var esa os cksys] ¶ckiw] ;fn eSa vkidh dksbZ
lsok dj low¡Q rks Ñi;k eq>s vo'; crk,¡A¸ mUgas vk'kk Fkh fd ckiw mUgsa oqQN
fy[kus&i<+us dk dke nsaxsA xkaèkh us muosQ eu dh ckr rkM+ yh vkSj cksys] ¶vxj
vkiosQ ikl le; gks] rks bl Fkkyh osQ xsgw¡ chu Mkfy,A¸ vkxarqd cM+h eqf'dy esa
iM+ x,] ysfdu vc rks dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA ,d ?kaVs rd xsgw¡ chuus osQ ckn og Fkd
x, vkSj xkaèkh ls fonk ek¡x dj py fn,A
oqQN o"kks± rd xkaèkh us vkJe osQ HkaMkj dk dke laHkkyus esa enn nhA losjs dh
izkFkZuk osQ ckn os jlksbZ?kj esa tkdj lfC”k;k¡ Nhyrs FksA jlksbZ?kj ;k HkaMkjs esa vxj os
dgha xanxh ;k edM+h dk tkyk ns[k ikrs Fks rks vius lkfFk;ksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa ysrsA mUgsa
lC”kh] iQy vkSj vukt osQ ikSf"Vd xq.kksa dk Kku FkkA
,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh us fcuk èkks, vkyw dkV
fn,A xkaèkh us mls le>k;k fd vkyw vkSj uhacw dks
fcuk èkks, ugha dkVuk pkfg,A ,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh
dks oqQN ,sls osQys fn, x, ftuosQ fNyoQksa ij dkys
pDrs iM+ x, FksA mlus cgqr cqjk ekukA rc xkaèkh us
mls le>k;k fd ;s tYnh ip tkrs gSa vkSj rqEgsa
[kklrkSj ij blfy, fn, x, gSa fd rqEgkjk gk”kek
de”kksj gSA xkaèkh vkJeokfl;ksa dks vdlj Lo;a gh
Hkkstu ijkslrs FksA bl dkj.k os cspkjs csLokn mcyh
gqbZ ph”kksa osQ fo#¼ oqQN dg Hkh ugha ikrs FksA nf{k.k
vizQhdk dh ,d tsy esa os lSdM+ksa oSQfn;ksa dks fnu esa
nks ckj Hkkstu ijkslus dk dk;Z dj Hkh pqosQ FksA
vkJe dk ,d fu;e ;g Fkk fd lc yksx vius
cjru [kqn lkI
+
kQ djsaA jlksbZ osQ cjru ckjh&ckjh ls
Rationalised 2023-24
92  oLkar
oqQN yksx ny ck¡èkdj èkksrs FksA ,d
fnu xkaèkh us cM+s&cM+s irhyksa dks [kqn
lkI
+
kQ djus dk dke vius Åij fy;kA
bu irhyksa dh isanh esa [kwc dkfy[k
yxh FkhA jk[k Hkjs gkFkksa ls og ,d
irhys dks [kwc ”kksj&”kksj ls jxM+us esa
yxs gq, Fks fd rHkh dLrwjck ogk¡ vk
xb±A mUgksaus irhys dks idM+ fy;k
vkSj cksyha] ¶;g dke vkidk ugha gSA
bls djus dks vkSj cgqr ls yksx gSaA¸
xkaèkh dks yxk fd mudh ckr eku
ysus esa gh cqf¼ekuh gS vkSj os pqipki
dLrwjck dks mu cjruksa dh lI
+
kQkbZ
lkSaidj pys vk,A cjru ,dne pedrs u gksa] rc rd xkaèkh dks larks"k ugha gksrk FkkA
,d ckj tsy esa mudks tks ennxkj fn;k x;k Fkk mlosQ dke ls vlarq"V gksdj mUgksaus
crk;k Fkk fd os [kqn oSQls yksgs osQ cjruksa dks Hkh ek¡t dj pk¡nh&lk pedk ldrs FksA
tc vkJe dk fuekZ.k gks jgk Fkk ml le; ogk¡ vkus okys oqQN esgekuksa dks racqvksa esa
lksuk iM+rk FkkA ,d uokxr dks irk ugha Fkk fd viuk fcLrj dgk¡ j[kuk pkfg,] blfy,
mlus fcLrj dks yisVdj j[k fn;k vkSj ;g irk yxkus x;k fd mls dgk¡ j[kuk gSA ykSVrs
le; mlus ns[kk fd xkaèkh [kqn mldk fcLrj OkaQèks ij mBk, j[kus pys tk jgs gSaA
vkJe osQ fy, ckgj cus oqQ,¡ ls ikuh [khapus dk dke Hkh os jks”k djrs FksA ,d
fnu xkaèkh oqQN vLoLFk Fks vkSj pDdh ij vkVk ihlus osQ dke esa fgLlk c¡Vk pqosQ
FksA muosQ ,d lkFkh us mUgsa FkdkoV ls cpkus osQ fy, vU; vkJeokfl;ksa dh lgk;rk
ls lHkh cM+s&NksVs cjruksa esa ikuh Hkj MkykA xkaèkh dks ;g ckr ilan ugha vkbZ] eu esa
oqQN Bsl Hkh yxhA mUgksaus cPpksa osQ ugkus dk ,d Vc mBk fy;k vkSj oqQ,¡ ls mlesa
ikuh Hkjdj Vc dks flj ij mBkdj vkJe esa ys vk,A cspkjs dk;ZdrkZ dks cgqr
iNrkok gqvkA
Rationalised 2023-24
ukSdj  93
'kjhj ls tc rd fcyoqQy ykpkjh u gks rc rd xkaèkh dks ;g ckr fcyoqQy ilan
ugha Fkh fd egkRek ;k cw<+s gksus osQ dkj.k mudks vius fgLls dk nSfud 'kkjhfjd Je
u djuk iM+sA muesa gj izdkj dk dke djus dh vn~Hkqr {kerk vkSj 'kfDr FkhA og
Fkdku dk uke Hkh ugha tkurs FksA nf{k.k vizQhdk esa cksvj&;q¼ osQ nkSjku mUgksaus
?kk;yksa dks LVªspj ij ykndj ,d&,d fnu esa iPphl&iPphl ehy rd <ks;k FkkA og
ehyksa iSny py ldrs FksA nf{k.k vIkzQhdk esa tc os VkWyLVkW; ckM+h esa jgrs Fks] rc
ikl osQ 'kgj esa dksbZ dke gksus ij fnu esa vdlj c;kyhl ehy rd iSny pyrs FksA
blosQ fy, os ?kj esa cuk oqQN uk'rk lkFk ysdj lqcg nks cts gh fudy iM+rs Fks] 'kgj
esa [kjhnnkjh djrs vkSj 'kke gksrs&gksrs okil iQkeZ ij ykSV vkrs FksA muosQ vU; lkFkh
Hkh muosQ bl mnkgj.k dk [kq'kh&[kq'kh vuqdj.k djrs FksA
,d ckj fdlh rkykc dh HkjkbZ dk dke py jgk Fkk] ftlesa xkaèkh osQ lkFkh yxs
gq, FksA ,d lqcg dke [kRe djosQ os yksx iQkoM+s] oqQnky vkSj Vksdfj;k¡ fy, tc
okil ykSVs rks ns[krs gSa fd xkaèkh us muosQ fy, r'rfj;ksa esa uk'rs osQ fy, iQy vkfn
rS;kj djosQ j[ks gSaA ,d lkFkh us iwNk] ¶vkius ge yksxksa osQ fy, ;g lc d"V D;ksa
fd;k\ D;k ;g mfpr gS fd ge vkils lsok djk,¡\¸ xkaèkh us eqldjkdj mÙkj fn;k]
¶D;ksa ughaA eSa tkurk Fkk fd rqe yksx FkosQ&ek¡ns ykSVksxsA rqEgkjk uk'rk rS;kj djus osQ
fy, esjs ikl [kkyh le; FkkA¸
nf{k.k vizQhdk esa jgus okys Hkkjrh;ksa osQ tkus&ekus usrk osQ :i esa xkaèkh Hkkjrh;
izokfl;ksa dh ek¡xksa dks fczfV'k ljdkj osQ lkeus j[kus osQ fy, ,d ckj yanu x,A ogk¡
mUgsa Hkkjrh; Nk=kksa us ,d 'kkdkgkjh Hkkst esa fueaf=kr fd;kA Nk=kksa us bl volj osQ
fy, Lo;a gh 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu rS;kj djus dk fu'p; fd;k FkkA rhljs igj nks cts ,d
nqcyk&iryk vkSj Njgjk vkneh vkdj muesa 'kkfey gks x;k vkSj r'rfj;k¡ èkksus] lC”kh
lkI
+
kQ djus vkSj vU; NqV&iqV dke djus esa mudh enn djus yxkA ckn esa Nk=kksa dk
usrk ogk¡ vk;k rks D;k ns[krk gS fd og nqcyk&iryk vkneh vkSj dksbZ ugha] ml 'kke
dks Hkkst esa fueaf=kr muosQ lEekfur vfrfFk xkaèkh FksA
xkaèkh nwljksa ls dke ysus esa cgqr l[r Fks] ysfdu vius fy, nwljksa ls dke djkuk
mUgas ukilan FkkA ,d ckj ,d jktuhfrd lEesyu ls xkaèkh tc vius Msjs ij ykSVs rks
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


90  oLkar
vkJe esa xkaèkh dbZ ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&pkdj djrs gSaA ftl
”kekus esa os cSfjLVjh ls g”kkjksa #i;s dekrs Fks] ml le; Hkh os izfrfnu lqcg vius
gkFk ls pDdh ij vkVk ihlk djrs FksA pDdh pykus esa dLrwjck vkSj muosQ yM+osQ
Hkh gkFk c¡Vkrs FksA bl izdkj ?kj esa jksVh cukus osQ fy, eghu ;k eksVk vkVk os [kqn ihl
ysrs FksA lkcjerh vkJe esa Hkh xkaèkh us filkbZ dk dke tkjh j[kkA og pDdh dks Bhd
djus esa dHkh&dHkh ?kaVksa esgur djrs FksA ,d ckj ,d dk;ZdrkZ us dgk fd vkJe esa
vkVk de iM+ x;k gSA vkVk filokus esa gkFk c¡Vkus osQ fy, xkaèkh I
+
kQkSju mBdj [kM+s
ukSdj
13
Rationalised 2023-24
ukSdj  91
gks x,A xsg¡w ihlus ls igys mls chudj lkI
+
kQ djus ij og ”kksj nsrs FksA dkSihuèkkjh bl
egku O;fDr dks vukt churs ns[kdj muls feyus okys yksx gSjr esa iM+ tkrs FksA
ckgjh yksxksa osQ lkeus 'kkjhfjd esgur dk dke djrs xkaèkh dks 'keZ ugha yxrh FkhA
,d ckj muosQ ikl dkWyst osQ dksbZ Nk=k feyus vk,A mudks vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ vius
Kku dk cM+k xoZ FkkA xkaèkh ls ckrphr osQ var esa os cksys] ¶ckiw] ;fn eSa vkidh dksbZ
lsok dj low¡Q rks Ñi;k eq>s vo'; crk,¡A¸ mUgas vk'kk Fkh fd ckiw mUgsa oqQN
fy[kus&i<+us dk dke nsaxsA xkaèkh us muosQ eu dh ckr rkM+ yh vkSj cksys] ¶vxj
vkiosQ ikl le; gks] rks bl Fkkyh osQ xsgw¡ chu Mkfy,A¸ vkxarqd cM+h eqf'dy esa
iM+ x,] ysfdu vc rks dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA ,d ?kaVs rd xsgw¡ chuus osQ ckn og Fkd
x, vkSj xkaèkh ls fonk ek¡x dj py fn,A
oqQN o"kks± rd xkaèkh us vkJe osQ HkaMkj dk dke laHkkyus esa enn nhA losjs dh
izkFkZuk osQ ckn os jlksbZ?kj esa tkdj lfC”k;k¡ Nhyrs FksA jlksbZ?kj ;k HkaMkjs esa vxj os
dgha xanxh ;k edM+h dk tkyk ns[k ikrs Fks rks vius lkfFk;ksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa ysrsA mUgsa
lC”kh] iQy vkSj vukt osQ ikSf"Vd xq.kksa dk Kku FkkA
,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh us fcuk èkks, vkyw dkV
fn,A xkaèkh us mls le>k;k fd vkyw vkSj uhacw dks
fcuk èkks, ugha dkVuk pkfg,A ,d ckj ,d vkJeoklh
dks oqQN ,sls osQys fn, x, ftuosQ fNyoQksa ij dkys
pDrs iM+ x, FksA mlus cgqr cqjk ekukA rc xkaèkh us
mls le>k;k fd ;s tYnh ip tkrs gSa vkSj rqEgsa
[kklrkSj ij blfy, fn, x, gSa fd rqEgkjk gk”kek
de”kksj gSA xkaèkh vkJeokfl;ksa dks vdlj Lo;a gh
Hkkstu ijkslrs FksA bl dkj.k os cspkjs csLokn mcyh
gqbZ ph”kksa osQ fo#¼ oqQN dg Hkh ugha ikrs FksA nf{k.k
vizQhdk dh ,d tsy esa os lSdM+ksa oSQfn;ksa dks fnu esa
nks ckj Hkkstu ijkslus dk dk;Z dj Hkh pqosQ FksA
vkJe dk ,d fu;e ;g Fkk fd lc yksx vius
cjru [kqn lkI
+
kQ djsaA jlksbZ osQ cjru ckjh&ckjh ls
Rationalised 2023-24
92  oLkar
oqQN yksx ny ck¡èkdj èkksrs FksA ,d
fnu xkaèkh us cM+s&cM+s irhyksa dks [kqn
lkI
+
kQ djus dk dke vius Åij fy;kA
bu irhyksa dh isanh esa [kwc dkfy[k
yxh FkhA jk[k Hkjs gkFkksa ls og ,d
irhys dks [kwc ”kksj&”kksj ls jxM+us esa
yxs gq, Fks fd rHkh dLrwjck ogk¡ vk
xb±A mUgksaus irhys dks idM+ fy;k
vkSj cksyha] ¶;g dke vkidk ugha gSA
bls djus dks vkSj cgqr ls yksx gSaA¸
xkaèkh dks yxk fd mudh ckr eku
ysus esa gh cqf¼ekuh gS vkSj os pqipki
dLrwjck dks mu cjruksa dh lI
+
kQkbZ
lkSaidj pys vk,A cjru ,dne pedrs u gksa] rc rd xkaèkh dks larks"k ugha gksrk FkkA
,d ckj tsy esa mudks tks ennxkj fn;k x;k Fkk mlosQ dke ls vlarq"V gksdj mUgksaus
crk;k Fkk fd os [kqn oSQls yksgs osQ cjruksa dks Hkh ek¡t dj pk¡nh&lk pedk ldrs FksA
tc vkJe dk fuekZ.k gks jgk Fkk ml le; ogk¡ vkus okys oqQN esgekuksa dks racqvksa esa
lksuk iM+rk FkkA ,d uokxr dks irk ugha Fkk fd viuk fcLrj dgk¡ j[kuk pkfg,] blfy,
mlus fcLrj dks yisVdj j[k fn;k vkSj ;g irk yxkus x;k fd mls dgk¡ j[kuk gSA ykSVrs
le; mlus ns[kk fd xkaèkh [kqn mldk fcLrj OkaQèks ij mBk, j[kus pys tk jgs gSaA
vkJe osQ fy, ckgj cus oqQ,¡ ls ikuh [khapus dk dke Hkh os jks”k djrs FksA ,d
fnu xkaèkh oqQN vLoLFk Fks vkSj pDdh ij vkVk ihlus osQ dke esa fgLlk c¡Vk pqosQ
FksA muosQ ,d lkFkh us mUgsa FkdkoV ls cpkus osQ fy, vU; vkJeokfl;ksa dh lgk;rk
ls lHkh cM+s&NksVs cjruksa esa ikuh Hkj MkykA xkaèkh dks ;g ckr ilan ugha vkbZ] eu esa
oqQN Bsl Hkh yxhA mUgksaus cPpksa osQ ugkus dk ,d Vc mBk fy;k vkSj oqQ,¡ ls mlesa
ikuh Hkjdj Vc dks flj ij mBkdj vkJe esa ys vk,A cspkjs dk;ZdrkZ dks cgqr
iNrkok gqvkA
Rationalised 2023-24
ukSdj  93
'kjhj ls tc rd fcyoqQy ykpkjh u gks rc rd xkaèkh dks ;g ckr fcyoqQy ilan
ugha Fkh fd egkRek ;k cw<+s gksus osQ dkj.k mudks vius fgLls dk nSfud 'kkjhfjd Je
u djuk iM+sA muesa gj izdkj dk dke djus dh vn~Hkqr {kerk vkSj 'kfDr FkhA og
Fkdku dk uke Hkh ugha tkurs FksA nf{k.k vizQhdk esa cksvj&;q¼ osQ nkSjku mUgksaus
?kk;yksa dks LVªspj ij ykndj ,d&,d fnu esa iPphl&iPphl ehy rd <ks;k FkkA og
ehyksa iSny py ldrs FksA nf{k.k vIkzQhdk esa tc os VkWyLVkW; ckM+h esa jgrs Fks] rc
ikl osQ 'kgj esa dksbZ dke gksus ij fnu esa vdlj c;kyhl ehy rd iSny pyrs FksA
blosQ fy, os ?kj esa cuk oqQN uk'rk lkFk ysdj lqcg nks cts gh fudy iM+rs Fks] 'kgj
esa [kjhnnkjh djrs vkSj 'kke gksrs&gksrs okil iQkeZ ij ykSV vkrs FksA muosQ vU; lkFkh
Hkh muosQ bl mnkgj.k dk [kq'kh&[kq'kh vuqdj.k djrs FksA
,d ckj fdlh rkykc dh HkjkbZ dk dke py jgk Fkk] ftlesa xkaèkh osQ lkFkh yxs
gq, FksA ,d lqcg dke [kRe djosQ os yksx iQkoM+s] oqQnky vkSj Vksdfj;k¡ fy, tc
okil ykSVs rks ns[krs gSa fd xkaèkh us muosQ fy, r'rfj;ksa esa uk'rs osQ fy, iQy vkfn
rS;kj djosQ j[ks gSaA ,d lkFkh us iwNk] ¶vkius ge yksxksa osQ fy, ;g lc d"V D;ksa
fd;k\ D;k ;g mfpr gS fd ge vkils lsok djk,¡\¸ xkaèkh us eqldjkdj mÙkj fn;k]
¶D;ksa ughaA eSa tkurk Fkk fd rqe yksx FkosQ&ek¡ns ykSVksxsA rqEgkjk uk'rk rS;kj djus osQ
fy, esjs ikl [kkyh le; FkkA¸
nf{k.k vizQhdk esa jgus okys Hkkjrh;ksa osQ tkus&ekus usrk osQ :i esa xkaèkh Hkkjrh;
izokfl;ksa dh ek¡xksa dks fczfV'k ljdkj osQ lkeus j[kus osQ fy, ,d ckj yanu x,A ogk¡
mUgsa Hkkjrh; Nk=kksa us ,d 'kkdkgkjh Hkkst esa fueaf=kr fd;kA Nk=kksa us bl volj osQ
fy, Lo;a gh 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu rS;kj djus dk fu'p; fd;k FkkA rhljs igj nks cts ,d
nqcyk&iryk vkSj Njgjk vkneh vkdj muesa 'kkfey gks x;k vkSj r'rfj;k¡ èkksus] lC”kh
lkI
+
kQ djus vkSj vU; NqV&iqV dke djus esa mudh enn djus yxkA ckn esa Nk=kksa dk
usrk ogk¡ vk;k rks D;k ns[krk gS fd og nqcyk&iryk vkneh vkSj dksbZ ugha] ml 'kke
dks Hkkst esa fueaf=kr muosQ lEekfur vfrfFk xkaèkh FksA
xkaèkh nwljksa ls dke ysus esa cgqr l[r Fks] ysfdu vius fy, nwljksa ls dke djkuk
mUgas ukilan FkkA ,d ckj ,d jktuhfrd lEesyu ls xkaèkh tc vius Msjs ij ykSVs rks
Rationalised 2023-24
94  oLkar
jkr gks xbZ FkhA lksus ls igys os vius
dejs dk iQ'kZ cqgkj jgs FksA ml le;
jkr osQ nl cts FksA ,d dk;ZdrkZ us
nkSM+dj xkaèkh osQ gkFk ls cqgkjh ys yhA
tc xkaèkh xk¡oksa dk nkSjk dj jgs
gksrs] ml le; jkr dks ;fn fy[krs
le; ykyVsu dk rsy [kRe gks tkrk
rks os panzek dh jks'kuh esa gh i=k iwjk
dj ysuk ”;knk ilan djrs Fks] ysfdu
lksrs gq, vius fdlh FkosQ gq, lkFkh
dks ugha txkrs FksA ukSvk[kkyh in&;k=kk
osQ le; xkaèkh us vius f'kfoj esa osQoy nks vknfe;ksa dks gh jgus dh vuqefr nhA bu
nksuksa dks ;g ugha ekywe Fkk fd [kk[kjk oSQls cuk;k tkrk gSA bl ij xkaèkh Lo;a jlksbZ
esa tk cSBs vkSj fuiq.k jlksb, dh rjg mUgksaus [kk[kjk cukus dh fofèk crkbZA ml le;
xkaèkh dh voLFkk vBgÙkj o"kZ dh FkhA
xkaèkh dks cPpksa ls cgqr izse FkkA vius cPpksa osQ tUe osQ nks ekg ckn mUgksaus dHkh
fdlh nkbZ dks cPps dh ns[kHkky osQ fy, ugha j[kkA os ekurs Fks fd cPps osQ fodkl
osQ fy, ek¡&cki dk I;kj vkSj mudh ns[kHkky vfuok;Z gSA
os ek¡ dh rjg cPpksa dh ns[kHkky dj ldrs Fks] f[kyk&fiyk vkSj cgyk ldrs FksA
,d ckj nf{k.k vizQhdk esa tsy ls NwVus osQ ckn ?kj ykSVus ij mUgksaus ns[kk fd muosQ
fe=k dh iRuh Jherh iksyd cgqr gh nqcyh vkSj de”kksj gks xbZ gSaA mudk cPpk mudk
nwèk ihuk NksM+rk ugha Fkk vkSj og mldk nwèk NqM+kus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhaA cPpk
mUgsa pSu ugha ysus nsrk Fkk vkSj jks&jksdj mUgsa txk, j[krk FkkA xkaèkh ftl fnu ykSVs] mlh
jkr ls mUgksaus cPps dh ns[kHkky dk dke vius gkFkksa esa ys fy;kA lkjs fnu cM+h esgur
djus] lHkkvksa esa Hkk"k.k nsus osQ ckn] pkj ehy iSny pydj xkaèkh dHkh&dHkh jkr dks
,d cts ?kj igq¡prs Fks vkSj cPps dks Jherh iksyd osQ fcLrj ij ls mBkdj vius
fcLrj ij fyVk ysrs FksA og pkjikbZ osQ ikl ,d cjru esa ikuh Hkjdj j[k ysrs rkfd
Rationalised 2023-24