NCERT Textbook: पाठ 15 - फर्श पर, हिंदी, कक्षा - 8 | Hindi Class 8 PDF Download

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iQ'kZ ij/101
- IkQ'kZ ij
fpfM+;k vkrh gS
Mky tkrh fruosQ I
+
kQ'kZ ij
gok vkrh gS
fc[ksj tkrh /wy I
+
kQ'kZ ij
lwjt vkrk gS
ltk tkrk fpafn;k¡ I
+
kQ'kZ ij
eqUuk vkrk gS
myV nsrk dVksjh I
+
kQ'kZ ij
eEeh vkrh gaS
churha nky&pkoy I
+
kQ'kZ ij
ikik vkrs gSa
mrkj nsrs twrs I
+
kQ'kZ ij
egjh vkrh gS
lesV ysrh gS lc oqQN
vius fcokbZ iM+s gkFkksa esa
vkSj bl rjg fy[krh gS gj jks”k
,d dfork I
+
kQ'kZ ijA
                   µfueZyk xxZ
ianzgok¡ ikB
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iQ'kZ ij/101
- IkQ'kZ ij
fpfM+;k vkrh gS
Mky tkrh fruosQ I
+
kQ'kZ ij
gok vkrh gS
fc[ksj tkrh /wy I
+
kQ'kZ ij
lwjt vkrk gS
ltk tkrk fpafn;k¡ I
+
kQ'kZ ij
eqUuk vkrk gS
myV nsrk dVksjh I
+
kQ'kZ ij
eEeh vkrh gaS
churha nky&pkoy I
+
kQ'kZ ij
ikik vkrs gSa
mrkj nsrs twrs I
+
kQ'kZ ij
egjh vkrh gS
lesV ysrh gS lc oqQN
vius fcokbZ iM+s gkFkksa esa
vkSj bl rjg fy[krh gS gj jks”k
,d dfork I
+
kQ'kZ ijA
                   µfueZyk xxZ
ianzgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
nwokZ/102
vH;kl
'kCnkFkZ
1- ikB ls
(d) dfork esa - IkQ'kZ ij dkSu&dkSu vkSj D;k&D;k djrs gSa\
([k) -IkQ'kZ ij lHkh osQ }kjk oqQN u oqQN dke djus dh
ckr dfork esa gqbZ gS] exj egjh osQ dke dks gh
dfork fy[kuk D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
2- rqEgkjh ckr
(d) rqe vxj eqUuk dh txg jgks rks D;k djksxs vkSj D;ksa\
([k) eEeh vkSj egjh osQ dke esa rqEgsa tks oqQN lekurk vkSj vlekurk utj vkrh gS] mls vius
<ax ls crkvksA
(x) rqe dfork esa lHkh dks oqQN u oqQN djrs gq, ikrs gksA mlesa ls rqEgsa fdldk dke lcls
”;knk ilan gS vkSj D;ksa\
(?k) rqe vius ?kj dks lkiQ j[kus osQ fy, D;k&D;k djrs gks\ mu dkeksa dh lwph cukvks vkSj
mlosQ lkeus ;g Hkh fy[kks fd rqe og dke dc&dc djrs gksA
3- rqEgkjh dYiuk
dfork esa ls pqudj oqQN 'kCn uhps fn, x, gSaµ
fpfM+;k] Mky] fruosQ] lwjt] gok] gkFk] eqUuk] dfork
budk iz;ksx djrs gq, dksbZ dgkuh ;k dfork fy[kksA
4- - IkQ'kZ ij dfork
¶vkSj bl rjg fy[krh gS gj jks”k
,d dfork -IkQ'kZ ijA¸
fpafn;k¡ & NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s] /wi osQ
NksVs&NksVs pdrs
chuuk & pquuk
egjh & dke djus okyh] ?kjsyw
lgkf;dk
fcokbZ & gkFk&iSj osQ peM+s dk
iQVuk
Reprint 2024-25
Page 3


iQ'kZ ij/101
- IkQ'kZ ij
fpfM+;k vkrh gS
Mky tkrh fruosQ I
+
kQ'kZ ij
gok vkrh gS
fc[ksj tkrh /wy I
+
kQ'kZ ij
lwjt vkrk gS
ltk tkrk fpafn;k¡ I
+
kQ'kZ ij
eqUuk vkrk gS
myV nsrk dVksjh I
+
kQ'kZ ij
eEeh vkrh gaS
churha nky&pkoy I
+
kQ'kZ ij
ikik vkrs gSa
mrkj nsrs twrs I
+
kQ'kZ ij
egjh vkrh gS
lesV ysrh gS lc oqQN
vius fcokbZ iM+s gkFkksa esa
vkSj bl rjg fy[krh gS gj jks”k
,d dfork I
+
kQ'kZ ijA
                   µfueZyk xxZ
ianzgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
nwokZ/102
vH;kl
'kCnkFkZ
1- ikB ls
(d) dfork esa - IkQ'kZ ij dkSu&dkSu vkSj D;k&D;k djrs gSa\
([k) -IkQ'kZ ij lHkh osQ }kjk oqQN u oqQN dke djus dh
ckr dfork esa gqbZ gS] exj egjh osQ dke dks gh
dfork fy[kuk D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
2- rqEgkjh ckr
(d) rqe vxj eqUuk dh txg jgks rks D;k djksxs vkSj D;ksa\
([k) eEeh vkSj egjh osQ dke esa rqEgsa tks oqQN lekurk vkSj vlekurk utj vkrh gS] mls vius
<ax ls crkvksA
(x) rqe dfork esa lHkh dks oqQN u oqQN djrs gq, ikrs gksA mlesa ls rqEgsa fdldk dke lcls
”;knk ilan gS vkSj D;ksa\
(?k) rqe vius ?kj dks lkiQ j[kus osQ fy, D;k&D;k djrs gks\ mu dkeksa dh lwph cukvks vkSj
mlosQ lkeus ;g Hkh fy[kks fd rqe og dke dc&dc djrs gksA
3- rqEgkjh dYiuk
dfork esa ls pqudj oqQN 'kCn uhps fn, x, gSaµ
fpfM+;k] Mky] fruosQ] lwjt] gok] gkFk] eqUuk] dfork
budk iz;ksx djrs gq, dksbZ dgkuh ;k dfork fy[kksA
4- - IkQ'kZ ij dfork
¶vkSj bl rjg fy[krh gS gj jks”k
,d dfork -IkQ'kZ ijA¸
fpafn;k¡ & NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s] /wi osQ
NksVs&NksVs pdrs
chuuk & pquuk
egjh & dke djus okyh] ?kjsyw
lgkf;dk
fcokbZ & gkFk&iSj osQ peM+s dk
iQVuk
Reprint 2024-25
iQ'kZ ij/103
dfork esa -IkQ'kZ ij dke djus dks Hkh dfork fy[kuk crk;k x;k gSA -IkQ'kZ osQ vfrfjDr
vU;=k Hkh rqe oqQN yksxksa dks dke djrs gq, ik ldrs gSaA muesa ls rqe ftu dkeksa dks dfork
fy[kuk crk ldrs gks] crkvks vkSj mlosQ dkj.k Hkh crkvksA
5- cPps vkSj - IkQ'kZ
cPps -IkQ'kZ ij viuh e”khZ ls tks mUgsa vPNk
dke yxrk gS oks dke djrss gSaA mlesa dHkh&dHkh
-IkQ'kZ dks rks dHkh&dHkh cPpksa dks Hkh uqdlku
mBkuk iM+rk gSA irk djksµ
(d) cPpksa }kjk -IkQ'kZ ij D;k&D;k djus ls
mUgsa uqdlku gksrk gS\ mldh lwph cukvksA
([k) cPpksa osQ fdu&fdu dkeksa ls -IkQ'kZ dks
uqdlku gksrk gS\
6- dke osQ 'kCn
dfork esa cgqr ls dkeksa dk f”kozQ fd;k x;k gS_ tSlsµchuuk] fc[ksjuk] ltkuk] mrkjuk] lesVuk
vkfnA bUgsa fØ;k,¡ dgrs gSaA uhps oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaA bUgsa mfpr fØ;k osQ lkFk fy[kks&
ikuh] Vksdjh] cLrk] pkoy] gFksyh] jax] twrs
 ----------- chuuk ----------- fc[ksjuk -----------   ltkuk
 ----------- mrkjuk ----------- lesVuk
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