NCERT Textbook: पाठ 16 - पानी की कहानी, हिंदी, कक्षा - 8 | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 8 PDF Download

 Page 1


70 olar Hkkx 3
      ikuh dh dgkuh
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cw¡n esjs gkFk ij
vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cw¡n esjh
dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj xbZA FkksM+h
nsj esa eq>s flrkj osQ rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSaus lkspk fd dksbZ ctk
jgk gksxkA pkjksa vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fiQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh
ls fudy jgk gSA è;ku ls ns[kus ij ekywe gqvk fd cw¡n osQ nks d.k gks x, gSa
vkSj os nksuksa fgy&fgydj ;g Loj mRiUu dj jgs gSa ekuks cksy jgs gksaA
mlh lqjhyh vkok”k esa eSaus lqukµ
¶lquks] lquks---¸
eSa pqi FkkA
fiQj vkok”k vkbZ] ¶lquks] lquksA¸
vc eq>ls u jgk x;kA esjs eq[k ls
fudy x;k] ¶dgks] dgksA¸
vksl dh cw¡n ekuks izlUurk ls fgyh
vkSj cksyhµ¶eSa vksl gw¡A¸
¶tkurk gw¡¸µeSaus dgkA
¶yksx eq>s ikuh dgrs gSa] ty HkhA¸
¶ekywe gSA¸
¶eSa csj osQ isM+ esa ls vkbZ gw¡A¸
¶>wBh]¸ eSaus dgk vkSj lkspk] ^csj
osQ isM+ ls D;k ikuh dk iQOokjk fudyrk
gS*\
12
Rationalised-2023-24
Page 2


70 olar Hkkx 3
      ikuh dh dgkuh
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cw¡n esjs gkFk ij
vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cw¡n esjh
dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj xbZA FkksM+h
nsj esa eq>s flrkj osQ rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSaus lkspk fd dksbZ ctk
jgk gksxkA pkjksa vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fiQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh
ls fudy jgk gSA è;ku ls ns[kus ij ekywe gqvk fd cw¡n osQ nks d.k gks x, gSa
vkSj os nksuksa fgy&fgydj ;g Loj mRiUu dj jgs gSa ekuks cksy jgs gksaA
mlh lqjhyh vkok”k esa eSaus lqukµ
¶lquks] lquks---¸
eSa pqi FkkA
fiQj vkok”k vkbZ] ¶lquks] lquksA¸
vc eq>ls u jgk x;kA esjs eq[k ls
fudy x;k] ¶dgks] dgksA¸
vksl dh cw¡n ekuks izlUurk ls fgyh
vkSj cksyhµ¶eSa vksl gw¡A¸
¶tkurk gw¡¸µeSaus dgkA
¶yksx eq>s ikuh dgrs gSa] ty HkhA¸
¶ekywe gSA¸
¶eSa csj osQ isM+ esa ls vkbZ gw¡A¸
¶>wBh]¸ eSaus dgk vkSj lkspk] ^csj
osQ isM+ ls D;k ikuh dk iQOokjk fudyrk
gS*\
12
Rationalised-2023-24
ikuh dh dgkuh            71
cw¡n fiQj fgyhA ekuks esjs vfo'okl ls mls nq[k gqvk gksA
¶lquksA eSa bl isM+ osQ ikl dh Hkwfe esa cgqr fnuksa ls bèkj&mèkj ?kwe jgh FkhA
eSa d.kksa dk ân; VVksyrh fiQjrh Fkh fd ,dk,d idM+h xbZA¸
¶oSQls]¸ eSaus iwNkA
¶og tks isM+ rqe ns[krs gks u! og mQij gh bruk cM+k ugha gS] i`Foh esa Hkh
yxHkx bruk gh cM+k gSA mldh cM+h tM+sa] NksVh tM+sa vkSj tM+ksa osQ jks,¡ gSaA os
jks,¡ cM+s funZ;h gksrs gSaA eq> tSls vla[; ty&d.kksa dks os cyiwoZd i`Foh esa
ls [khap ysrs gSaA oqQN dks rks isM+ ,dne [kk tkrs gSa vkSj vfèkdka'k dk lc
oqQN Nhudj mUgsa ckgj fudky nsrs gSaA¸
ozQksèk vkSj ?k`.kk ls mldk 'kjhj dk¡i mBkA
¶rqe D;k le>rs gks fd os brus cMs+ ;ksa gh [kM+s gSaA mUgsa bruk cM+k cukus
osQ fy, esjs vla[; caèkqvksa us vius izk.k&uk'k fd, gSaA¸ eSa cM+s è;ku ls
mldh dgkuh lqu jgk FkkA
¶gk¡] rks eSa Hkwfe osQ [kfutksa dks vius 'kjhj esa ?kqykdj vkuan ls fiQj jgh
Fkh fd nqHkkZX;o'k ,d jks,¡ ls esjk 'kjhj Nw x;kA eSa dk¡ihA nwj Hkkxus dk iz;Ru
fd;k ijarq os idM+dj NksM+uk ugha tkursA eSa jks,¡ esa [khap yh xbZA¸
¶fiQj D;k gqvk\¸ eSaus iwNkA esjh mRlqdrk c<+ pyh FkhA
¶eSa ,d dksBjh esa can dj nh xbZA FkksM+h nsj ckn ,slk tku iM+k fd dksbZ
eq>s ihNs ls èkDdk ns jgk gS vkSj dksbZ ekuks gkFk idM+dj vkxs dks [khap jgk
gksA esjk ,d HkkbZ Hkh ogk¡ yk;k x;kA mlosQ fy, LFkku cukus osQ dkj.k eq>s
nck;k tk jgk FkkA vkxs ,d vkSj cw¡n esjk gkFk idM+dj mQij [khap jgh FkhA
eSa mu nksuksa osQ chp fil pyhA¸
¶eSa yxHkx rhu fnu rd ;g lk¡lr Hkksxrh jghA eSa iÙkksa osQ uUgsa&uUgsa Nsnksa
ls gksdj tSls&rSls tku cpkdj HkkxhA eSaus lkspk Fkk fd iÙks ij igq¡prs gh mM+
tkm¡QxhA ijarq] ckgj fudyus ij Kkr gqvk fd jkr gksusokyh Fkh vkSj lw;Z tks
gesa mM+us dh 'kfDr nsrs gSa] tk pqosQ gSa] vkSj ok;qeaMy esa brus ty d.k mM+
jgs gSa fd esjs fy, ogk¡ LFkku ugha gS rks eSa vius HkkX; ij Hkjkslk dj iÙkksa ij
Rationalised-2023-24
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70 olar Hkkx 3
      ikuh dh dgkuh
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cw¡n esjs gkFk ij
vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cw¡n esjh
dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj xbZA FkksM+h
nsj esa eq>s flrkj osQ rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSaus lkspk fd dksbZ ctk
jgk gksxkA pkjksa vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fiQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh
ls fudy jgk gSA è;ku ls ns[kus ij ekywe gqvk fd cw¡n osQ nks d.k gks x, gSa
vkSj os nksuksa fgy&fgydj ;g Loj mRiUu dj jgs gSa ekuks cksy jgs gksaA
mlh lqjhyh vkok”k esa eSaus lqukµ
¶lquks] lquks---¸
eSa pqi FkkA
fiQj vkok”k vkbZ] ¶lquks] lquksA¸
vc eq>ls u jgk x;kA esjs eq[k ls
fudy x;k] ¶dgks] dgksA¸
vksl dh cw¡n ekuks izlUurk ls fgyh
vkSj cksyhµ¶eSa vksl gw¡A¸
¶tkurk gw¡¸µeSaus dgkA
¶yksx eq>s ikuh dgrs gSa] ty HkhA¸
¶ekywe gSA¸
¶eSa csj osQ isM+ esa ls vkbZ gw¡A¸
¶>wBh]¸ eSaus dgk vkSj lkspk] ^csj
osQ isM+ ls D;k ikuh dk iQOokjk fudyrk
gS*\
12
Rationalised-2023-24
ikuh dh dgkuh            71
cw¡n fiQj fgyhA ekuks esjs vfo'okl ls mls nq[k gqvk gksA
¶lquksA eSa bl isM+ osQ ikl dh Hkwfe esa cgqr fnuksa ls bèkj&mèkj ?kwe jgh FkhA
eSa d.kksa dk ân; VVksyrh fiQjrh Fkh fd ,dk,d idM+h xbZA¸
¶oSQls]¸ eSaus iwNkA
¶og tks isM+ rqe ns[krs gks u! og mQij gh bruk cM+k ugha gS] i`Foh esa Hkh
yxHkx bruk gh cM+k gSA mldh cM+h tM+sa] NksVh tM+sa vkSj tM+ksa osQ jks,¡ gSaA os
jks,¡ cM+s funZ;h gksrs gSaA eq> tSls vla[; ty&d.kksa dks os cyiwoZd i`Foh esa
ls [khap ysrs gSaA oqQN dks rks isM+ ,dne [kk tkrs gSa vkSj vfèkdka'k dk lc
oqQN Nhudj mUgsa ckgj fudky nsrs gSaA¸
ozQksèk vkSj ?k`.kk ls mldk 'kjhj dk¡i mBkA
¶rqe D;k le>rs gks fd os brus cMs+ ;ksa gh [kM+s gSaA mUgsa bruk cM+k cukus
osQ fy, esjs vla[; caèkqvksa us vius izk.k&uk'k fd, gSaA¸ eSa cM+s è;ku ls
mldh dgkuh lqu jgk FkkA
¶gk¡] rks eSa Hkwfe osQ [kfutksa dks vius 'kjhj esa ?kqykdj vkuan ls fiQj jgh
Fkh fd nqHkkZX;o'k ,d jks,¡ ls esjk 'kjhj Nw x;kA eSa dk¡ihA nwj Hkkxus dk iz;Ru
fd;k ijarq os idM+dj NksM+uk ugha tkursA eSa jks,¡ esa [khap yh xbZA¸
¶fiQj D;k gqvk\¸ eSaus iwNkA esjh mRlqdrk c<+ pyh FkhA
¶eSa ,d dksBjh esa can dj nh xbZA FkksM+h nsj ckn ,slk tku iM+k fd dksbZ
eq>s ihNs ls èkDdk ns jgk gS vkSj dksbZ ekuks gkFk idM+dj vkxs dks [khap jgk
gksA esjk ,d HkkbZ Hkh ogk¡ yk;k x;kA mlosQ fy, LFkku cukus osQ dkj.k eq>s
nck;k tk jgk FkkA vkxs ,d vkSj cw¡n esjk gkFk idM+dj mQij [khap jgh FkhA
eSa mu nksuksa osQ chp fil pyhA¸
¶eSa yxHkx rhu fnu rd ;g lk¡lr Hkksxrh jghA eSa iÙkksa osQ uUgsa&uUgsa Nsnksa
ls gksdj tSls&rSls tku cpkdj HkkxhA eSaus lkspk Fkk fd iÙks ij igq¡prs gh mM+
tkm¡QxhA ijarq] ckgj fudyus ij Kkr gqvk fd jkr gksusokyh Fkh vkSj lw;Z tks
gesa mM+us dh 'kfDr nsrs gSa] tk pqosQ gSa] vkSj ok;qeaMy esa brus ty d.k mM+
jgs gSa fd esjs fy, ogk¡ LFkku ugha gS rks eSa vius HkkX; ij Hkjkslk dj iÙkksa ij
Rationalised-2023-24
72 olar Hkkx 3
gh floqQM+h iM+h jghA vHkh tc rqEgsa ns[kk rks tku esa tku vkbZ vkSj j{kk ikus
osQ fy, rqEgkjs gkFk ij owQn iM+hA¸
bl nq[k rFkk Hkkoiw.kZ dgkuh dk eq> ij cM+k izHkko iM+kA eSaus dgkµ ¶tc
rd rqe esjs ikl gks dksbZ iÙkk rqEgsa u Nw losQxkA¸
¶HkS;k] rqEgsa blosQ fy, èkU;okn gSA eSa tc rd lw;Z u fudys rHkh rd
j{kk pkgrh gw¡A mudk n'kZu djrs gh eq>esa mM+us dh 'kfDr vk tk,xhA esjk
thou fofp=k ?kVukvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA eSa mldh dgkuh rqEgsa lqukm¡Qxh rks rqEgkjk
gkFk rfud Hkh u nq[ksxkA¸
¶vPNk lqukvksA¸
¶cgqr fnu gq,] esjs iqj[ks gnztu (gkbMªkstu) vkSj vks"ktu (vkWDlhtu)
uked nks xSlsa lw;ZeaMy esa yiVksa osQ :i esa fo|eku FkhaA¸
¶lw;ZeaMy vius fuf'pr ekxZ ij pDdj dkV jgk FkkA os fnu Fks tc gekjs
czãkaM esa mFky&iqFky gks jgh FkhA vusd xzg vkSj mixzg cu jgs FksA¸
¶Bgjks] D;k rqEgkjs iqj[ks vc lw;ZeaMy esa ugha gaS\¸
¶gSa] muosQ oa'kt viuh Hk;kog yiVksa ls vc Hkh mudk eq[k mTToy fd,
gq, gSaA gk¡] rks esjs iqj[ks cM+h izlUurk ls lw;Z osQ èkjkry ij ukprs jgrs FksA ,d
fnu dh ckr gS fd nwj ,d izpaM izdk'k&fiaM fn[kkbZ iM+kA mudh vk¡[ksa
pkSafèk;kus yxhaA ;g fiaM cM+h rs”kh ls lw;Z dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA T;ksa&T;ksa ikl
vkrk tkrk Fkk] mldk vkdkj c<+rk tkrk FkkA ;g lw;Z ls yk[kksa xquk cM+k FkkA
mldh egku vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr ls gekjk lw;Z dk¡i mBkA ,slk Kkr gqvk fd ml
xzgjkt ls Vdjkdj gekjk lw;Z pw.kZ gks tk,xkA oSlk u gqvkA og lw;Z ls lglzksa
ehy nwj ls gh ?kwe pyk] ijarq mldh Hkh"k.k vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr osQ dkj.k lw;Z dk
,d Hkkx VwVdj mlosQ ihNs pykA lw;Z ls VwVk gqvk Hkkx bruk Hkkjh f[kapko
l¡Hkky u ldk vkSj dbZ VqdM+ksa esa VwV x;kA mUgha esa ls ,d VqdM+k gekjh i`Foh
gSA ;g izkjaHk esa ,d cM+k vkx dk xksyk FkhA¸
¶,slk\ ijarq mu yiVksa ls rqe ikuh oSQls cuhA¸
¶eq>s Bhd irk ughaA gk¡] ;g lgh gS fd gekjk xzg BaMk gksrk pyk x;k
Rationalised-2023-24
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70 olar Hkkx 3
      ikuh dh dgkuh
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cw¡n esjs gkFk ij
vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cw¡n esjh
dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj xbZA FkksM+h
nsj esa eq>s flrkj osQ rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSaus lkspk fd dksbZ ctk
jgk gksxkA pkjksa vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fiQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh
ls fudy jgk gSA è;ku ls ns[kus ij ekywe gqvk fd cw¡n osQ nks d.k gks x, gSa
vkSj os nksuksa fgy&fgydj ;g Loj mRiUu dj jgs gSa ekuks cksy jgs gksaA
mlh lqjhyh vkok”k esa eSaus lqukµ
¶lquks] lquks---¸
eSa pqi FkkA
fiQj vkok”k vkbZ] ¶lquks] lquksA¸
vc eq>ls u jgk x;kA esjs eq[k ls
fudy x;k] ¶dgks] dgksA¸
vksl dh cw¡n ekuks izlUurk ls fgyh
vkSj cksyhµ¶eSa vksl gw¡A¸
¶tkurk gw¡¸µeSaus dgkA
¶yksx eq>s ikuh dgrs gSa] ty HkhA¸
¶ekywe gSA¸
¶eSa csj osQ isM+ esa ls vkbZ gw¡A¸
¶>wBh]¸ eSaus dgk vkSj lkspk] ^csj
osQ isM+ ls D;k ikuh dk iQOokjk fudyrk
gS*\
12
Rationalised-2023-24
ikuh dh dgkuh            71
cw¡n fiQj fgyhA ekuks esjs vfo'okl ls mls nq[k gqvk gksA
¶lquksA eSa bl isM+ osQ ikl dh Hkwfe esa cgqr fnuksa ls bèkj&mèkj ?kwe jgh FkhA
eSa d.kksa dk ân; VVksyrh fiQjrh Fkh fd ,dk,d idM+h xbZA¸
¶oSQls]¸ eSaus iwNkA
¶og tks isM+ rqe ns[krs gks u! og mQij gh bruk cM+k ugha gS] i`Foh esa Hkh
yxHkx bruk gh cM+k gSA mldh cM+h tM+sa] NksVh tM+sa vkSj tM+ksa osQ jks,¡ gSaA os
jks,¡ cM+s funZ;h gksrs gSaA eq> tSls vla[; ty&d.kksa dks os cyiwoZd i`Foh esa
ls [khap ysrs gSaA oqQN dks rks isM+ ,dne [kk tkrs gSa vkSj vfèkdka'k dk lc
oqQN Nhudj mUgsa ckgj fudky nsrs gSaA¸
ozQksèk vkSj ?k`.kk ls mldk 'kjhj dk¡i mBkA
¶rqe D;k le>rs gks fd os brus cMs+ ;ksa gh [kM+s gSaA mUgsa bruk cM+k cukus
osQ fy, esjs vla[; caèkqvksa us vius izk.k&uk'k fd, gSaA¸ eSa cM+s è;ku ls
mldh dgkuh lqu jgk FkkA
¶gk¡] rks eSa Hkwfe osQ [kfutksa dks vius 'kjhj esa ?kqykdj vkuan ls fiQj jgh
Fkh fd nqHkkZX;o'k ,d jks,¡ ls esjk 'kjhj Nw x;kA eSa dk¡ihA nwj Hkkxus dk iz;Ru
fd;k ijarq os idM+dj NksM+uk ugha tkursA eSa jks,¡ esa [khap yh xbZA¸
¶fiQj D;k gqvk\¸ eSaus iwNkA esjh mRlqdrk c<+ pyh FkhA
¶eSa ,d dksBjh esa can dj nh xbZA FkksM+h nsj ckn ,slk tku iM+k fd dksbZ
eq>s ihNs ls èkDdk ns jgk gS vkSj dksbZ ekuks gkFk idM+dj vkxs dks [khap jgk
gksA esjk ,d HkkbZ Hkh ogk¡ yk;k x;kA mlosQ fy, LFkku cukus osQ dkj.k eq>s
nck;k tk jgk FkkA vkxs ,d vkSj cw¡n esjk gkFk idM+dj mQij [khap jgh FkhA
eSa mu nksuksa osQ chp fil pyhA¸
¶eSa yxHkx rhu fnu rd ;g lk¡lr Hkksxrh jghA eSa iÙkksa osQ uUgsa&uUgsa Nsnksa
ls gksdj tSls&rSls tku cpkdj HkkxhA eSaus lkspk Fkk fd iÙks ij igq¡prs gh mM+
tkm¡QxhA ijarq] ckgj fudyus ij Kkr gqvk fd jkr gksusokyh Fkh vkSj lw;Z tks
gesa mM+us dh 'kfDr nsrs gSa] tk pqosQ gSa] vkSj ok;qeaMy esa brus ty d.k mM+
jgs gSa fd esjs fy, ogk¡ LFkku ugha gS rks eSa vius HkkX; ij Hkjkslk dj iÙkksa ij
Rationalised-2023-24
72 olar Hkkx 3
gh floqQM+h iM+h jghA vHkh tc rqEgsa ns[kk rks tku esa tku vkbZ vkSj j{kk ikus
osQ fy, rqEgkjs gkFk ij owQn iM+hA¸
bl nq[k rFkk Hkkoiw.kZ dgkuh dk eq> ij cM+k izHkko iM+kA eSaus dgkµ ¶tc
rd rqe esjs ikl gks dksbZ iÙkk rqEgsa u Nw losQxkA¸
¶HkS;k] rqEgsa blosQ fy, èkU;okn gSA eSa tc rd lw;Z u fudys rHkh rd
j{kk pkgrh gw¡A mudk n'kZu djrs gh eq>esa mM+us dh 'kfDr vk tk,xhA esjk
thou fofp=k ?kVukvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA eSa mldh dgkuh rqEgsa lqukm¡Qxh rks rqEgkjk
gkFk rfud Hkh u nq[ksxkA¸
¶vPNk lqukvksA¸
¶cgqr fnu gq,] esjs iqj[ks gnztu (gkbMªkstu) vkSj vks"ktu (vkWDlhtu)
uked nks xSlsa lw;ZeaMy esa yiVksa osQ :i esa fo|eku FkhaA¸
¶lw;ZeaMy vius fuf'pr ekxZ ij pDdj dkV jgk FkkA os fnu Fks tc gekjs
czãkaM esa mFky&iqFky gks jgh FkhA vusd xzg vkSj mixzg cu jgs FksA¸
¶Bgjks] D;k rqEgkjs iqj[ks vc lw;ZeaMy esa ugha gaS\¸
¶gSa] muosQ oa'kt viuh Hk;kog yiVksa ls vc Hkh mudk eq[k mTToy fd,
gq, gSaA gk¡] rks esjs iqj[ks cM+h izlUurk ls lw;Z osQ èkjkry ij ukprs jgrs FksA ,d
fnu dh ckr gS fd nwj ,d izpaM izdk'k&fiaM fn[kkbZ iM+kA mudh vk¡[ksa
pkSafèk;kus yxhaA ;g fiaM cM+h rs”kh ls lw;Z dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA T;ksa&T;ksa ikl
vkrk tkrk Fkk] mldk vkdkj c<+rk tkrk FkkA ;g lw;Z ls yk[kksa xquk cM+k FkkA
mldh egku vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr ls gekjk lw;Z dk¡i mBkA ,slk Kkr gqvk fd ml
xzgjkt ls Vdjkdj gekjk lw;Z pw.kZ gks tk,xkA oSlk u gqvkA og lw;Z ls lglzksa
ehy nwj ls gh ?kwe pyk] ijarq mldh Hkh"k.k vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr osQ dkj.k lw;Z dk
,d Hkkx VwVdj mlosQ ihNs pykA lw;Z ls VwVk gqvk Hkkx bruk Hkkjh f[kapko
l¡Hkky u ldk vkSj dbZ VqdM+ksa esa VwV x;kA mUgha esa ls ,d VqdM+k gekjh i`Foh
gSA ;g izkjaHk esa ,d cM+k vkx dk xksyk FkhA¸
¶,slk\ ijarq mu yiVksa ls rqe ikuh oSQls cuhA¸
¶eq>s Bhd irk ughaA gk¡] ;g lgh gS fd gekjk xzg BaMk gksrk pyk x;k
Rationalised-2023-24
ikuh dh dgkuh            73
vkSj eq>s ;kn gS fd vjcksa o"kZ igys eSa gnztu vkSj vks"ktu osQ jklk;fud
fozQ;k osQ dkj.k mRiUu gqbZ gw¡A mUgksaus vkil esa feydj viuk izR;{k vfLrRo
x¡ok fn;k gS vkSj eq>s mRiUu fd;k gSA eSa mu fnuksa Hkki osQ :i esa i`Foh osQ
pkjksa vksj ?kwerh fiQjrh FkhA mlosQ ckn u tkus D;k gqvk\ tc eq>s gks'k vk;k
rks eSaus vius dks Bksl cI
+
kZQ osQ :i esa ik;kA esjk 'kjhj igys Hkki&:i esa Fkk
og vc vR;ar NksVk gks x;k FkkA og igys ls dksbZ lrjgok¡ Hkkx jg x;k FkkA
eSaus ns[kk esjs pkjksa vksj esjs vla[; lkFkh cI
+
kZQ cus iM+s FksA tgk¡ rd n`f"V tkrh
Fkh cI
+
kZQ osQ vfrfjDr oqQN fn[kkbZ u iM+rk FkkA ftl le; gekjs mQij lw;Z dh
fdj.ksa iM+rh Fkha rks lkSan;Z fc[kj iM+rk FkkA gekjs fdrus lkFkh ,sls Hkh Fks tks
cM+h mRlqdrk ls vk¡èkh esa m¡Qpk mM+us] mNyus&owQnus osQ fy, dej dls rS;kj
cSBs jgrs FksA¸
¶cM+s vkuan dk le; jgk gksxk ogk¡A¸
¶cM+s vkuan dkA¸
¶fdrus fnuksa rd\¸
¶dbZ yk[k o"kks± rd\¸
¶dbZ yk[k!¸
¶gk¡] pkSadks ughaA esjs thou esa lkS&nks lkS o"kZ nky esa ued osQ leku Hkh
ugha gSaA¸
eSaus ,sls nh?kZthoh ls okrkZyki djrs tku vius dks èkU; ekuk vkSj vksl dh
cw¡n osQ izfr esjh J¼k c<+ pyhA
¶ge 'kkafr ls cSBs ,d fnu gok ls [ksyus dh dgkfu;k¡ lqu jgs Fks fd
vpkud ,slk vuqHko gqvk ekuks ge ljd jgs gksaA lcosQ eq[k ij gokb;k¡ mM+us
yxhaA vc D;k gksxk\
brus fnu vkuan ls dkVus osQ i'pkr~ vc nq[k lgu djus dk lkgl geesa
u FkkA cgqr irk yxkus ij gesa Kkr gqvk fd gekjs Hkkj ls gh gekjs uhpsokys
HkkbZ ncdj ikuh gks x, gSaA mudk 'kjhj Bksliu dks NksM+ pqdk gS vkSj muosQ
rjy 'kjhj ij ge fiQly pys gSaA
Rationalised-2023-24
Page 5


70 olar Hkkx 3
      ikuh dh dgkuh
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cw¡n esjs gkFk ij
vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cw¡n esjh
dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj xbZA FkksM+h
nsj esa eq>s flrkj osQ rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSaus lkspk fd dksbZ ctk
jgk gksxkA pkjksa vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fiQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh
ls fudy jgk gSA è;ku ls ns[kus ij ekywe gqvk fd cw¡n osQ nks d.k gks x, gSa
vkSj os nksuksa fgy&fgydj ;g Loj mRiUu dj jgs gSa ekuks cksy jgs gksaA
mlh lqjhyh vkok”k esa eSaus lqukµ
¶lquks] lquks---¸
eSa pqi FkkA
fiQj vkok”k vkbZ] ¶lquks] lquksA¸
vc eq>ls u jgk x;kA esjs eq[k ls
fudy x;k] ¶dgks] dgksA¸
vksl dh cw¡n ekuks izlUurk ls fgyh
vkSj cksyhµ¶eSa vksl gw¡A¸
¶tkurk gw¡¸µeSaus dgkA
¶yksx eq>s ikuh dgrs gSa] ty HkhA¸
¶ekywe gSA¸
¶eSa csj osQ isM+ esa ls vkbZ gw¡A¸
¶>wBh]¸ eSaus dgk vkSj lkspk] ^csj
osQ isM+ ls D;k ikuh dk iQOokjk fudyrk
gS*\
12
Rationalised-2023-24
ikuh dh dgkuh            71
cw¡n fiQj fgyhA ekuks esjs vfo'okl ls mls nq[k gqvk gksA
¶lquksA eSa bl isM+ osQ ikl dh Hkwfe esa cgqr fnuksa ls bèkj&mèkj ?kwe jgh FkhA
eSa d.kksa dk ân; VVksyrh fiQjrh Fkh fd ,dk,d idM+h xbZA¸
¶oSQls]¸ eSaus iwNkA
¶og tks isM+ rqe ns[krs gks u! og mQij gh bruk cM+k ugha gS] i`Foh esa Hkh
yxHkx bruk gh cM+k gSA mldh cM+h tM+sa] NksVh tM+sa vkSj tM+ksa osQ jks,¡ gSaA os
jks,¡ cM+s funZ;h gksrs gSaA eq> tSls vla[; ty&d.kksa dks os cyiwoZd i`Foh esa
ls [khap ysrs gSaA oqQN dks rks isM+ ,dne [kk tkrs gSa vkSj vfèkdka'k dk lc
oqQN Nhudj mUgsa ckgj fudky nsrs gSaA¸
ozQksèk vkSj ?k`.kk ls mldk 'kjhj dk¡i mBkA
¶rqe D;k le>rs gks fd os brus cMs+ ;ksa gh [kM+s gSaA mUgsa bruk cM+k cukus
osQ fy, esjs vla[; caèkqvksa us vius izk.k&uk'k fd, gSaA¸ eSa cM+s è;ku ls
mldh dgkuh lqu jgk FkkA
¶gk¡] rks eSa Hkwfe osQ [kfutksa dks vius 'kjhj esa ?kqykdj vkuan ls fiQj jgh
Fkh fd nqHkkZX;o'k ,d jks,¡ ls esjk 'kjhj Nw x;kA eSa dk¡ihA nwj Hkkxus dk iz;Ru
fd;k ijarq os idM+dj NksM+uk ugha tkursA eSa jks,¡ esa [khap yh xbZA¸
¶fiQj D;k gqvk\¸ eSaus iwNkA esjh mRlqdrk c<+ pyh FkhA
¶eSa ,d dksBjh esa can dj nh xbZA FkksM+h nsj ckn ,slk tku iM+k fd dksbZ
eq>s ihNs ls èkDdk ns jgk gS vkSj dksbZ ekuks gkFk idM+dj vkxs dks [khap jgk
gksA esjk ,d HkkbZ Hkh ogk¡ yk;k x;kA mlosQ fy, LFkku cukus osQ dkj.k eq>s
nck;k tk jgk FkkA vkxs ,d vkSj cw¡n esjk gkFk idM+dj mQij [khap jgh FkhA
eSa mu nksuksa osQ chp fil pyhA¸
¶eSa yxHkx rhu fnu rd ;g lk¡lr Hkksxrh jghA eSa iÙkksa osQ uUgsa&uUgsa Nsnksa
ls gksdj tSls&rSls tku cpkdj HkkxhA eSaus lkspk Fkk fd iÙks ij igq¡prs gh mM+
tkm¡QxhA ijarq] ckgj fudyus ij Kkr gqvk fd jkr gksusokyh Fkh vkSj lw;Z tks
gesa mM+us dh 'kfDr nsrs gSa] tk pqosQ gSa] vkSj ok;qeaMy esa brus ty d.k mM+
jgs gSa fd esjs fy, ogk¡ LFkku ugha gS rks eSa vius HkkX; ij Hkjkslk dj iÙkksa ij
Rationalised-2023-24
72 olar Hkkx 3
gh floqQM+h iM+h jghA vHkh tc rqEgsa ns[kk rks tku esa tku vkbZ vkSj j{kk ikus
osQ fy, rqEgkjs gkFk ij owQn iM+hA¸
bl nq[k rFkk Hkkoiw.kZ dgkuh dk eq> ij cM+k izHkko iM+kA eSaus dgkµ ¶tc
rd rqe esjs ikl gks dksbZ iÙkk rqEgsa u Nw losQxkA¸
¶HkS;k] rqEgsa blosQ fy, èkU;okn gSA eSa tc rd lw;Z u fudys rHkh rd
j{kk pkgrh gw¡A mudk n'kZu djrs gh eq>esa mM+us dh 'kfDr vk tk,xhA esjk
thou fofp=k ?kVukvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA eSa mldh dgkuh rqEgsa lqukm¡Qxh rks rqEgkjk
gkFk rfud Hkh u nq[ksxkA¸
¶vPNk lqukvksA¸
¶cgqr fnu gq,] esjs iqj[ks gnztu (gkbMªkstu) vkSj vks"ktu (vkWDlhtu)
uked nks xSlsa lw;ZeaMy esa yiVksa osQ :i esa fo|eku FkhaA¸
¶lw;ZeaMy vius fuf'pr ekxZ ij pDdj dkV jgk FkkA os fnu Fks tc gekjs
czãkaM esa mFky&iqFky gks jgh FkhA vusd xzg vkSj mixzg cu jgs FksA¸
¶Bgjks] D;k rqEgkjs iqj[ks vc lw;ZeaMy esa ugha gaS\¸
¶gSa] muosQ oa'kt viuh Hk;kog yiVksa ls vc Hkh mudk eq[k mTToy fd,
gq, gSaA gk¡] rks esjs iqj[ks cM+h izlUurk ls lw;Z osQ èkjkry ij ukprs jgrs FksA ,d
fnu dh ckr gS fd nwj ,d izpaM izdk'k&fiaM fn[kkbZ iM+kA mudh vk¡[ksa
pkSafèk;kus yxhaA ;g fiaM cM+h rs”kh ls lw;Z dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA T;ksa&T;ksa ikl
vkrk tkrk Fkk] mldk vkdkj c<+rk tkrk FkkA ;g lw;Z ls yk[kksa xquk cM+k FkkA
mldh egku vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr ls gekjk lw;Z dk¡i mBkA ,slk Kkr gqvk fd ml
xzgjkt ls Vdjkdj gekjk lw;Z pw.kZ gks tk,xkA oSlk u gqvkA og lw;Z ls lglzksa
ehy nwj ls gh ?kwe pyk] ijarq mldh Hkh"k.k vkd"kZ.k&'kfDr osQ dkj.k lw;Z dk
,d Hkkx VwVdj mlosQ ihNs pykA lw;Z ls VwVk gqvk Hkkx bruk Hkkjh f[kapko
l¡Hkky u ldk vkSj dbZ VqdM+ksa esa VwV x;kA mUgha esa ls ,d VqdM+k gekjh i`Foh
gSA ;g izkjaHk esa ,d cM+k vkx dk xksyk FkhA¸
¶,slk\ ijarq mu yiVksa ls rqe ikuh oSQls cuhA¸
¶eq>s Bhd irk ughaA gk¡] ;g lgh gS fd gekjk xzg BaMk gksrk pyk x;k
Rationalised-2023-24
ikuh dh dgkuh            73
vkSj eq>s ;kn gS fd vjcksa o"kZ igys eSa gnztu vkSj vks"ktu osQ jklk;fud
fozQ;k osQ dkj.k mRiUu gqbZ gw¡A mUgksaus vkil esa feydj viuk izR;{k vfLrRo
x¡ok fn;k gS vkSj eq>s mRiUu fd;k gSA eSa mu fnuksa Hkki osQ :i esa i`Foh osQ
pkjksa vksj ?kwerh fiQjrh FkhA mlosQ ckn u tkus D;k gqvk\ tc eq>s gks'k vk;k
rks eSaus vius dks Bksl cI
+
kZQ osQ :i esa ik;kA esjk 'kjhj igys Hkki&:i esa Fkk
og vc vR;ar NksVk gks x;k FkkA og igys ls dksbZ lrjgok¡ Hkkx jg x;k FkkA
eSaus ns[kk esjs pkjksa vksj esjs vla[; lkFkh cI
+
kZQ cus iM+s FksA tgk¡ rd n`f"V tkrh
Fkh cI
+
kZQ osQ vfrfjDr oqQN fn[kkbZ u iM+rk FkkA ftl le; gekjs mQij lw;Z dh
fdj.ksa iM+rh Fkha rks lkSan;Z fc[kj iM+rk FkkA gekjs fdrus lkFkh ,sls Hkh Fks tks
cM+h mRlqdrk ls vk¡èkh esa m¡Qpk mM+us] mNyus&owQnus osQ fy, dej dls rS;kj
cSBs jgrs FksA¸
¶cM+s vkuan dk le; jgk gksxk ogk¡A¸
¶cM+s vkuan dkA¸
¶fdrus fnuksa rd\¸
¶dbZ yk[k o"kks± rd\¸
¶dbZ yk[k!¸
¶gk¡] pkSadks ughaA esjs thou esa lkS&nks lkS o"kZ nky esa ued osQ leku Hkh
ugha gSaA¸
eSaus ,sls nh?kZthoh ls okrkZyki djrs tku vius dks èkU; ekuk vkSj vksl dh
cw¡n osQ izfr esjh J¼k c<+ pyhA
¶ge 'kkafr ls cSBs ,d fnu gok ls [ksyus dh dgkfu;k¡ lqu jgs Fks fd
vpkud ,slk vuqHko gqvk ekuks ge ljd jgs gksaA lcosQ eq[k ij gokb;k¡ mM+us
yxhaA vc D;k gksxk\
brus fnu vkuan ls dkVus osQ i'pkr~ vc nq[k lgu djus dk lkgl geesa
u FkkA cgqr irk yxkus ij gesa Kkr gqvk fd gekjs Hkkj ls gh gekjs uhpsokys
HkkbZ ncdj ikuh gks x, gSaA mudk 'kjhj Bksliu dks NksM+ pqdk gS vkSj muosQ
rjy 'kjhj ij ge fiQly pys gSaA
Rationalised-2023-24
74 olar Hkkx 3
eSa dbZ ekl leqnz esa bèkj&mèkj ?kwerh jghA fiQj ,d fnu xeZ&èkkjk ls HksaV
gks xbZA èkkjk osQ tyrs vfLrRo dks BaMd igq¡pkus osQ fy, geus mldh xjeh
lks[kuh izkjaHk dj nh vkSj blosQ iQyLo:i eSa fi?ky iM+h vkSj ikuh cudj
leqnz esa fey xbZA
leqnz dk Hkkx cudj eSaus tks n`'; ns[kk og o.kZukrhr gSA eSa vHkh rd
le>rh Fkh fd leqnz esa osQoy esjs caèkq&ckaèkoksa dk gh jkT; gS] ijarq vc Kkr
gqvk fd leqnz esa pgy&igy okLro esa nwljs gh thoksa dh gS vkSj mlesa fujk
ued Hkjk gSA igys&igy leqnz dk [kkjkiu eq>s fcyoqQy ugha Hkk;k] th
epykus yxkA ij èkhjs&èkhjs lc lgu gks pykA
,d fnu esjs th esa vk;k fd eSa leqnz osQ mQij rks cgqr ?kwe pqdh gw¡] Hkhrj
pydj Hkh ns[kuk pkfg,
fd D;k gS\ bl dk;Z osQ
fy, eSaus xgjs tkuk izkjaHk
dj fn;kA
ekxZ esa eSaus fofp=k&
fofp=k tho ns[ksA eSaus
vR;ar èkhjs&èkhjs jsaxus okys
?kksa?ks] tkyhnkj eNfy;k¡]
dbZ&dbZ eu Hkkjh dNqos
vkSj gkFkksaokyh eNfy;k¡
ns[khaA ,d eNyh ,slh ns[kh
tks euq"; ls dbZ xquk yach
FkhA mlosQ vkB gkFk FksA
og bu gkFkksa ls vius
f'kdkj dks tdM+ ysrh FkhA
Rationalised-2023-24