Newton's Law of Viscosity Video Lecture | Fluid Mechanics for Mechanical Engineering

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1. What is Newton's Law of Viscosity?
Ans. Newton's Law of Viscosity states that the shear stress between layers of a fluid is directly proportional to the velocity gradient perpendicular to the direction of flow. It is represented mathematically as τ = μ(dv/dy), where τ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic viscosity, dv/dy is the velocity gradient, and y is the perpendicular distance from the surface.
2. How does Newton's Law of Viscosity apply in mechanical engineering?
Ans. In mechanical engineering, Newton's Law of Viscosity is essential for understanding and predicting the behavior of fluids in various applications. It helps engineers determine the required power for pumping fluids, analyze the flow of fluids through pipes, design hydraulic systems, and optimize the performance of lubricants in machinery.
3. What is the significance of dynamic viscosity in Newton's Law of Viscosity?
Ans. Dynamic viscosity, represented by the symbol μ, is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow under an applied shear stress. It plays a crucial role in Newton's Law of Viscosity as it relates the shear stress and velocity gradient. Different fluids have different dynamic viscosities, which influence their flow behavior and determine the amount of energy required to move them.
4. Can Newton's Law of Viscosity be applied to all types of fluids?
Ans. Newton's Law of Viscosity is primarily applicable to Newtonian fluids, which are fluids that exhibit a linear relationship between shear stress and velocity gradient. These fluids include water, air, and most common fluids encountered in mechanical engineering. Non-Newtonian fluids, such as ketchup, toothpaste, and blood, do not follow this law and require specialized models for analysis.
5. How can Newton's Law of Viscosity be experimentally determined in mechanical engineering?
Ans. In mechanical engineering, the dynamic viscosity of a fluid can be determined using various experimental methods. One common method is the capillary viscometer, where the fluid is allowed to flow through a capillary tube under the influence of gravity. By measuring the flow rate and other parameters, the dynamic viscosity can be calculated. Another method is the rotational viscometer, which measures the torque required to rotate a spindle in the fluid, providing information about its viscosity.
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