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Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Bonds - Class 11

Non-Polar vs. Polar Covalent Bonds

Non-polar and polar covalent bonds both belong to the three categories of polarity as well as the two types of covalent bonds. All three types (ionic, polar, and non-polar) are classified as chemical bonds wherein there is a force (electronegativity) that allows the attraction of the atoms of two particular elements. The number of possible covalent bonds is determined by the number of vacancies in a particular element’s outer shell of electrons.

For some consideration, the three categories of polarity or bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Further classification of covalent bonds reveals these two types. Both non-polar and polar covalent bonds occur in two different and non-metal elements. Both classifications also deal with the distribution and sharing of electrons as well as the resulting electronegativity.

When two elements combine, some of the electrons from both elements can be transferred between each other. The electronegativity, or the ability of one element to attract and capture the other element’s electron, is essential in determining the kind of bond between the two elements. The transfer or attraction can cause either equal sharing or unequal sharing of electrons

Polar covalent bonds are characterized by atoms with uneven or unequal numbers or the sharing of electrons between the two electrons. The electronegativity of both elements is different and not equal. Another characteristic of a polar covalent bond is having a molecule with a negative charge on one side and a positive charge on the other. A partial charge is also a defining trait of this particular covalent bond.

The molecules in this type of bond also have a defined axis (or axes) of partial positive and partial negative. On the other hand, non-polar covalent bonds have equal or nearly equal sharing or distribution of electrons between two elements. Non-polar covalent bonds have no defined axis or axes compared to polar covalent bonds.

When placed on a classification scale, the ionic bond (the bond that exists between a metal and a non-metal) has the most electronegativity and polarity. The ionic bond is followed by the polar covalent bond and, lastly, the non-polar covalent bond. The polar covalent bond can be considered as partly ionic because it can still have polarity. Meanwhile, the non-polar covalent bond is the opposite of ionic bonding. Since the elements in the non-polar covalent bonds have little to no possibility of attracting or pulling away electrons from another element, there is little to no possibility of attracting other electrons from another element.

Summary
1.Polar and non-polar covalent bonds are two types of bonds. They both fall under the category of types of bonds that also includes an ionic bond.

2.The covalent bonds (non-polar and polar) are classified as bonds that occur in non-metallic elements, while ionic bonds occur in the combination of metallic elements and non-metallic elements.

3.Some of the related concepts regarding polar covalent bonds and non-covalent bonds are electronegativity (or the measurement of how two elements share or distribute electrons within each other) and polarity.

4.Polar covalent bonds are characterized by having an unequal distribution of electrons of two elements. They also retain a positive and negative pole, which allows them to have certain electronegativity. On the other hand, non-polar covalent bonds are described as having electrons that are similar or nearly equal in terms of number of electrons. This characteristic makes them have none or less electronegativity.

5.Polar covalent bonds have a defined axis or axes, while non-polar covalent bonds lack this particular feature.

6.Polar covalent bonds have a charge (from having both positive and negative poles), while non-polar covalent bonds lack the charge.

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FAQs on Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Bonds - Class 11

1. What is a non-polar covalent bond?
Ans. A non-polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms. This occurs when the electronegativity difference between the two atoms involved in the bond is very small or nonexistent. In non-polar covalent bonds, the electron density is evenly distributed, resulting in a balanced charge distribution.
2. What is a polar covalent bond?
Ans. A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms. This occurs when there is a significant electronegativity difference between the two atoms involved in the bond. The atom with higher electronegativity attracts the shared electrons more strongly, resulting in an uneven distribution of electron density and a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.
3. How can we determine if a covalent bond is polar or non-polar?
Ans. The polarity of a covalent bond can be determined by comparing the electronegativity values of the atoms involved. If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, the bond is considered non-polar. If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, the bond is considered polar covalent. If the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.7, the bond is considered ionic.
4. What are some examples of non-polar covalent bonds?
Ans. Some examples of non-polar covalent bonds include the bond between two hydrogen atoms (H2), the bond between two oxygen atoms (O2), and the bond between two chlorine atoms (Cl2). In these cases, the electronegativity difference between the atoms is negligible, resulting in equal sharing of electrons.
5. What are some examples of polar covalent bonds?
Ans. Some examples of polar covalent bonds include the bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water (H2O), the bond between hydrogen and chlorine in hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the bond between carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide (CO2). In these cases, there is a significant electronegativity difference between the atoms, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons and the formation of partial charges.
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