Chapter Notes - Organisation of Data Notes | Study Economics Class 11 - Commerce

Organization of Data

1. Classification of Data: The process of grouping data according to their characteristics is known as classification of data.

2. Objectives of Classification:

a] To simplify complex data

b] To facilitate understanding

c] To facilitate comparison

d] To make analysis and interpretation easy.

e] To arrange and put the data according to their common characteristics.

3. Statistical Series: Systematic arrangement of statistical data

I. Can be on the basis of individual units :

The data can be individually presented in two forms:

i] Raw data: Data collected in original form.

ii] Individual Series: The arrangement of raw data individually. It can be expressed in two ways.

a] Alphabetical arrangement : Alphabetical order

b] Array: Ascending or descending order.

II. Can be on the basis of Frequency Distribution:

Frequency distribution refers to a table in which observed values of a variable are classified according to their numerical magnitude.

1. Discrete Series: A variable is called discrete if the variable can take only some particular values.

2. Continuous Series: A variable is called continuous if it can take any value in a given range. In constructing continuous series we come across terms like:

a] Class : Each given internal is called a class e.g., 0-5, 5-10.

b] Class limit: There are two limits upper limit and lower limit.

c] Class interval: Difference between upper limit and lower limit.

d] Range: Difference between upper limit and lower limit.

e] Mid-point or Mid Value: Upper limit - Lower limit

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f] Frequency: Number of items [observations] falling within a particular class.

i] Exclusive Series: Excluding the upper limit of these classes, all the items of the class are included in the class itself. E.g., :

ii] Inclusive Series: Upper class limits of classes are included in the respective classes. E.g.,

Open End Classes : The lower limit of the first class and upper limit of the last class are not given. E.g.,

iii] Cumulative Frequency Series: It is obtained by successively adding the frequencies of the values of the classes according to a certain law.

a] ‘Less than’ Cumulative Frequency Distribution :

The frequencies of each class-internal are added successively.

b] ‘More than’ Cumulative Frequency Distribution:

The more than cumulative frequency is obtained by finding the cumulative totals of frequencies starting from the highest value of the variable to the lowest value.