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FAQs on PPT: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids - Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

1. How do you distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Aldehydes and ketones can be distinguished using the Tollens' test or the Fehling's test. In the Tollens' test, an aldehyde reacts with Tollens' reagent to form a silver mirror, while a ketone does not show any reaction. In the Fehling's test, aldehydes react with Fehling's solution to form a brick-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide, whereas ketones do not react with Fehling's solution.
2. What is the difference between aldehydes and carboxylic acids?
Ans. The main difference between aldehydes and carboxylic acids is the presence of a carbonyl group. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group attached to at least one hydrogen atom, while carboxylic acids have a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Carboxylic acids also have a carboxyl group (-COOH), which imparts acidic properties to them.
3. How do you prepare aldehydes and ketones using oxidation reactions?
Ans. Aldehydes can be prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols using mild oxidizing agents such as pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) or by the controlled oxidation of alkylbenzenes using potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Ketones, on the other hand, can be prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols using stronger oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or acidified potassium permanganate (KMnO4).
4. What are the common uses of carboxylic acids?
Ans. Carboxylic acids have a wide range of applications. Some common uses include: - Acetic acid (a type of carboxylic acid) is commonly used as a preservative and flavoring agent in food products. - Citric acid (another carboxylic acid) is used as a flavoring agent and acidifier in beverages and food products. - Formic acid is used in textile and leather industries as a dyeing and tanning agent. - Salicylic acid is used in the production of aspirin and other pharmaceuticals.
5. How do carboxylic acids react with bases to form salts?
Ans. Carboxylic acids react with bases to form salts through a neutralization reaction. The carboxylic acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, forming water, while the base donates an electron pair to the carboxylic acid, resulting in the formation of a salt. The general equation for this reaction is: Carboxylic acid + Base → Salt + Water. For example, acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium acetate and water.
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