PPT: Computer Architecture & Organization | Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) PDF Download

 Page 2


… a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the 
workings of the underlying  electronic devices that will actually do all the 
work.
The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw 
devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-
built machine for each desired behavior.
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
Page 3


… a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the 
workings of the underlying  electronic devices that will actually do all the 
work.
The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw 
devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-
built machine for each desired behavior.
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap 
between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks 
(electronic devices).
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
General
Purpose
Computer
computer
organization
software
Page 4


… a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the 
workings of the underlying  electronic devices that will actually do all the 
work.
The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw 
devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-
built machine for each desired behavior.
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap 
between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks 
(electronic devices).
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
General
Purpose
Computer
computer
organization
software
• Computer Architecture = ISA + MO
• Instruction Set Architecture
• What the executable can “see” as underlying hardware
• Logical View
• Machine Organization
• How the hardware implements ISA ?
• Physical View
Page 5


… a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the 
workings of the underlying  electronic devices that will actually do all the 
work.
The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw 
devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-
built machine for each desired behavior.
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap 
between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks 
(electronic devices).
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
General
Purpose
Computer
computer
organization
software
• Computer Architecture = ISA + MO
• Instruction Set Architecture
• What the executable can “see” as underlying hardware
• Logical View
• Machine Organization
• How the hardware implements ISA ?
• Physical View
• Early 1990’s Apple switched instruction set architecture 
of the Macintosh
• From Motorola 68000-based machines
• To PowerPC architecture
• Intel 80x86 Family: many implementations of same 
architecture
• program written in 1978 for 8086 can be run on latest Pentium 
chip