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 Page 2


 
 
Introduction Involved in the construction of Index 
Numbers 
Construction of Index number 
Methods of Index Numbers 
Usefulness of Index Numbers  
Page 3


 
 
Introduction Involved in the construction of Index 
Numbers 
Construction of Index number 
Methods of Index Numbers 
Usefulness of Index Numbers  
An index number is a ratio or an average of 
ratios expressed as a percentage two or more 
time periods are involved, one of which is base 
time period. 
The value of the base time period serves as the 
standard point of composition 
Page 4


 
 
Introduction Involved in the construction of Index 
Numbers 
Construction of Index number 
Methods of Index Numbers 
Usefulness of Index Numbers  
An index number is a ratio or an average of 
ratios expressed as a percentage two or more 
time periods are involved, one of which is base 
time period. 
The value of the base time period serves as the 
standard point of composition 
Selection of data  
Selection of a Base Year 
Type of Formula 
Selection of Weights 
The Data for Index Numbers 
Choice of Variables 
Page 5


 
 
Introduction Involved in the construction of Index 
Numbers 
Construction of Index number 
Methods of Index Numbers 
Usefulness of Index Numbers  
An index number is a ratio or an average of 
ratios expressed as a percentage two or more 
time periods are involved, one of which is base 
time period. 
The value of the base time period serves as the 
standard point of composition 
Selection of data  
Selection of a Base Year 
Type of Formula 
Selection of Weights 
The Data for Index Numbers 
Choice of Variables 
1 
• Specialized Averages  
2 
• Measure the net change in a group 
of related variables 
3 
• Measures the effect of changes 
over a period of time 
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FAQs on PPT - Index Numbers - Economics for A Level

1. What are index numbers in commerce?
Ans. Index numbers in commerce are statistical measures used to compare the changes in a set of related variables over time. They are used to track the performance of certain economic indicators, such as price levels, production levels, or stock market indices, by establishing a base year and comparing subsequent values to this base year.
2. How are index numbers useful in commerce?
Ans. Index numbers are useful in commerce as they provide a simplified way to analyze and interpret complex data. They allow for comparisons of variables over time, making it easier to identify trends, patterns, and changes in economic indicators. Index numbers also help to monitor inflation, measure economic growth, and make informed business decisions based on the analyzed data.
3. What are the different types of index numbers used in commerce?
Ans. There are various types of index numbers used in commerce, including price index numbers, quantity index numbers, value index numbers, and composite index numbers. Price index numbers measure changes in the average price level of goods and services, while quantity index numbers track changes in physical quantities produced or consumed. Value index numbers combine both price and quantity changes, and composite index numbers are constructed using a combination of different variables.
4. How are index numbers calculated in commerce?
Ans. Index numbers in commerce are typically calculated using a formula that compares the value of a variable in a given period to its value in a base period. The formula commonly used is (Value in Current Period / Value in Base Period) x 100. This calculation provides a relative measure of the change in the variable over time, expressed as a percentage.
5. What are the limitations of using index numbers in commerce?
Ans. While index numbers are valuable tools in commerce, they have certain limitations. Some limitations include the selection of an appropriate base year, the accuracy of the data used, and the weighting of different variables. Index numbers may also fail to capture the complete picture of an economic indicator and may not account for qualitative changes. Additionally, index numbers can be influenced by outliers or extreme values, leading to potential distortions in the analysis.
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