You need to summarize the passage given below. In the exam, you will have 10 minutes to complete this task. Your response will be assessed on how well you capture the essential points of the passage and the clarity of your writing.
You can draft your answer on paper, and then check your response by clicking the "View Answer" button.
Q1: As far as prediction is concerned, remember that the chairman of IBM predicted in the fifties that the world would need a maximum of around half a dozen computers, that the British Department for Education seemed to think in the eighties that we would all need to be able to code in BASIC and that in the nineties Microsoft failed to foresee the rapid growth of the Internet. Who could have predicted that one major effect of the automobile would be to bankrupt small shops across the nation? Could the early developers of the telephone have foreseen its development as a medium for person-to-person communication, rather than as a form of a broadcasting medium? We all, including the 'experts', seem to be peculiarly inept at predicting the likely development of our technologies, even as far as the next year. We can, of course, try to extrapolate from the experience of previous technologies, as I do below by comparing the technology of the Internet with the development of other information and communication technologies and by examining the earlier development of radio and print. But how justified I might be in doing so remains an open question. You might conceivably find the history of the British and French videotex systems, Prestel and Minitel, instructive. However, I am not entirely convinced that they are very relevant, nor do I know where you can find information about them online, so, rather than take up space here, I've briefly described them in a separate article.
View AnswerWe all seem to be peculiarly inept at predicting the likely development of our technologies, even as far as the next year, though we can try to extrapolate from the experience of previous technologies.
Q2: By far the most popular and most consumed drink in the world is water, but it may come as no surprise that the second most popular beverage is tea. Although tea was originally grown only in certain parts of Asia – in countries such as China, Burma, and India – it is now a key export product in more than 50 countries around the globe. Countries that grow tea, however, need to have the right tropical climate, which includes up to 200 centimeters of rainfall per year to encourage fast growth and temperatures that range from ten to 35 degrees centigrade. They also need to have quite specific geographical features, such as high altitudes to promote the flavor and taste of the tea, and land that can offer plenty of shade in the form of other trees and vegetation to keep the plants cool and fresh. Together these conditions contribute to the production of the wide range of high-quality teas that are in such huge demand among the world’s consumers. There is green tea, jasmine tea, earl grey tea, peppermint tea, tea to help you sleep, tea to promote healing, and tea to relieve stress; but above all, tea is a social drink that seems to suit the palates and consumption habits of human beings in general.
Tea is a social drink that seems to suit the palates and consumption habits of human beings in general, but it needs quite specific geographical features, such as high altitudes and land that can offer plenty of shade to keep plants cool and fresh.
You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Carefully read the statement below and write an essay in response. A sample essay is available for you to review by clicking on the "View Answer" button.
Your essay will be evaluated based on how effectively you develop your position, organize your ideas, provide supporting details, and adhere to the conventions of standard written English. Aim for a word count between 200-300 words.
Q1: As cities expand, governments should look forward to creating better networks of public transport available for everyone rather than building more roads for vehicle owning population. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Support your point of view with reasons and examples from your own experience or observations.
In the face of expanding urban areas, the question arises: should governments prioritize the development of enhanced public transport networks accessible to all, or should they focus on constructing additional roads to accommodate the growing number of vehicle owners? From my perspective, the emphasis should be on creating superior public transport systems for all types of commuters rather than further expanding road infrastructure for vehicle owners.
Firstly, a robust public transport network benefits the entire community, providing an inclusive means of commuting for individuals from various socio-economic backgrounds. Unlike roads, which predominantly cater to vehicle owners, an efficient public transport system promotes social equity, ensuring that even those without private vehicles can easily access different parts of the city.
Secondly, a well-established public transport system contributes significantly to mitigating environmental concerns associated with the escalating number of vehicles. Instead of encouraging more people to own cars and exacerbating issues such as traffic congestion and air pollution, governments should invest in eco-friendly and mass transit alternatives like tube rail. This not only addresses environmental challenges but also enhances the overall quality of life for urban residents.
Moreover, focusing on public transport can alleviate the strain on existing road infrastructure, minimizing the need for continuous road expansions. By encouraging citizens to opt for buses, trains, or trams, governments can effectively reduce traffic congestion, enhance road safety, and allocate resources more sustainably.
In conclusion, prioritizing the development of comprehensive public transport networks is crucial for the inclusive expansion of cities. It fosters social inclusivity, addresses environmental concerns, and ensures more sustainable urban development compared to the continuous expansion of roads catering mainly to private vehicle owners.
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