You need to summarize the passage given below. In the exam, you will have 10 minutes to complete this task. Your response will be assessed on how well you capture the essential points of the passage and the clarity of your writing.
You can draft your answer on paper, and then check your response by clicking the "View Answer" button.
Q1: To understand the final reason why the news marketplace of ideas dominated by television is so different from the one that emerged in the world dominated by the printing press, it is important to distinguish the quality of vividness experienced by television viewers from the “vividness” experienced by readers. I believe that the vividness experienced in the reading of words is automatically modulated by the constant activation of the reasoning centers of the brain that are used in the process of co-creating the representation of reality the author has intended. By contrast, the visceral vividness portrayed on television has the capacity to trigger instinctual responses similar to those triggered by reality itself – and without being modulated by logic, reason, and reflective thought. The simulation of reality accomplished in the television medium is so astonishingly vivid and compelling compared with the representations of reality conveyed by printed words that it signifies much more than an incremental change in the way people consume information. Books also convey a compelling and vivid representation of reality, of course. But the reader actively participates in the conjuring of the reality the book’s author is attempting to depict. Moreover, the parts of the human brain that are central to the reasoning process are continually activated by the very act of reading printed words: Words are composed of abstract symbols – letters – that have no intrinsic meaning themselves until they are strung together into recognizable sequences.
View AnswerTelevision presents to its viewers a fully formed representation of reality – without requiring the creative collaboration that words have always demanded because the vividness portrayed on television has the capacity to trigger instinctual responses similar to those triggered by reality itself.
Q2: Scientists believe they may have found a way to prevent complications that can arise following cataract surgery, the world’s leading cause of blindness. Detailing why complications can occur after surgery, researchers from the University of East Anglia (UEA) explained that while cataract surgery works well to restore vision, a few natural lens cells always remain after the procedure. Over time, the eye’s wound-healing response leads these cells to spread across the underside of the artificial lens, which interferes with vision, causing what’s known as ‘posterior capsule opacification or secondary cataract. UEA’s School of Biological Sciences academic, Dr. Michael Wormstone, who led the study, said: “Secondary visual loss responds well to treatment with laser surgery. But as life expectancy increases, the problems of cataract and posterior capsule opacification will become even greater in terms of both patients well being and economic burden. It’s essential that we find better ways to manage the condition in the future.” As a result, researchers are designing new artificial lenses that can be placed into a capsular bag that stays open, instead of shrink-wrapping closed, which currently occurs. It is believed that, through the new approach, fluid in the eye can flow around the artificial lens, therefore diluting and washing away the cell-signaling molecules that encourage cell re-growth.
View AnswerResearchers are designing a new approach for cataract and posterior capsule opacification because currently, in the surgery a few natural lens cells always remain after the procedure which will arise problems in terms of patients well being and economic burden.
You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Carefully read the statement below and write an essay in response. A sample essay is available for you to review by clicking on the "View Answer" button.
Your essay will be evaluated based on how effectively you develop your position, organize your ideas, provide supporting details, and adhere to the conventions of standard written English. Aim for a word count between 200-300 words.
Q1: The old generation likes to get up early and start the day's work. But the younger generation likes to get up late and work late into the night. Choose one lifestyle you like and discuss its advantages or disadvantages.
Support your point of view with reasons and / or examples from your own experience.
Personally, I am inclined towards the traditional approach of the older generation, preferring to rise early and commence the day's work early on. This lifestyle offers several advantages, especially in terms of productivity and overall well-being.
One notable advantage of waking up early is the abundance of quiet and uninterrupted time in the morning. During these early hours, the world is relatively peaceful, providing an ideal environment for focused work, thoughtful reflection, and strategic planning. The calmness of the morning allows for a smoother start, reducing the likelihood of feeling rushed or stressed.
Another benefit is the alignment with the natural circadian rhythms of the body. Waking up early is associated with better sleep quality, improved mental health, and increased energy levels throughout the day. It sets a positive tone for the hours ahead, fostering a sense of accomplishment and motivation.
However, this lifestyle choice also comes with its disadvantages, such as the challenge of adjusting to an early bedtime. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule might require sacrificing some nighttime activities, which could impact social interactions or participation in evening events.
In contrast, the younger generation's preference for working late into the night might offer flexibility and cater to different energy levels. Yet, it could lead to disrupted circadian rhythms, potential health issues, and a higher likelihood of experiencing burnout due to irregular sleep patterns.
In conclusion, while both lifestyles have their merits, the advantages of the early-riser approach, including enhanced productivity and better well-being, make it my preferred choice despite the potential disadvantages related to bedtime adjustments.
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