You need to summarize the passage given below. In the exam, you will have 10 minutes to complete this task. Your response will be assessed on how well you capture the essential points of the passage and the clarity of your writing.
You can draft your answer on paper, and then check your response by clicking the "View Answer" button.
Q1: Research shows that when people work with a positive mindset, performance on nearly every level – productivity, creativity, engagement - improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success precedes happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I'll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I'll feel great.” But because success is a moving target – as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again, the happiness that results from success is fleeting. It works the other way around: People who cultivate a positive mindset perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the "happiness advantage” – every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I'm not alone: In a meta-analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers Sonja Lyubomirsky, Laura King, and Ed Diener found strong evidence of directional causality between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes. Another common misconception is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one's general sense of well-being is surprisingly malleable.
View AnswerPeople who cultivate a positive mindset perform better in the face of challenge and productivity, creativity and engagement improve as success precedes happiness but still one's general sense of well-being is surprisingly malleable.
Q2: Working nine to five for a single employer bears little resemblance to the way a substantial share of the workforce makes a living today. Millions of people assemble various income streams and work independently, rather than in structured payroll jobs. This is hardly a new phenomenon, yet it has never been well measured in official statistics and the resulting data gaps prevent a clear view of a large share of labor-market activity. To better understand the independent workforce and what motivates the people who participate in it, the McKinsey Global Institute surveyed some 8,000 respondents across Europe and the United States. We asked about their income in the past 12 months-encompassing primary work, as well as any other income-generating activities, and about their professional satisfaction and aspirations for work in the future. The resulting report, Independent work: Choice, necessity, and the gig economy, finds that up to 162 million people in Europe and the United States-or 20 to 30 percent of the working-age population - engage in some form of independent work. While demographically diverse, independent workers largely fit into four segments (exhibit): free agents, who actively choose independent work and derive their primary income from it; casual earners, who use independent work for supplemental income and do so by choice; reluctant, who make their primary living from independent work but would prefer traditional jobs; and the financially strapped, who do supplemental independent work out of necessity.
People assemble in various income streams and work independently rather than in structured payroll, like, free agents, casual earners, reluctant, and financially strapped because of necessity, choice, and the gig economy.
Write Essay
You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Carefully read the statement below and write an essay in response. A sample essay is available for you to review by clicking on the "View Answer" button.
Your essay will be evaluated based on how effectively you develop your position, organize your ideas, provide supporting details, and adhere to the conventions of standard written English. Aim for a word count between 200-300 words.
Q1: Do you agree that a four-day work week would be more beneficial than the traditional five-day week for productivity and work-life balance?
Support your point of view with reasons and examples from your own experience or observations.
The idea of transitioning from a traditional five-day workweek to a condensed four-day schedule has gained traction, sparking debate about its potential benefits for both productivity and work-life balance. I strongly agree that a four-day workweek could offer advantages in these aspects, even being aware that every workday will possibly have somewhat longer work hours than under the current system.
Firstly, a four-day workweek has the potential to enhance productivity by fostering a more concentrated and efficient work environment. With a shorter workweek, employees may experience increased motivation to complete tasks within a compressed timeframe, leading to improved time management and heightened focus during working hours. Studies have suggested that reducing the number of workdays can boost overall job satisfaction and engagement, contributing positively to individual and collective productivity.
Secondly, the shift to a four-day workweek aligns with the growing emphasis on achieving a better work-life balance. The extra day off provides employees with more time for personal activities, family, and relaxation, ultimately reducing burnout and stress levels. A balanced and rejuvenated workforce is likely to return to work with increased energy and enthusiasm, potentially leading to a more productive and fulfilling work environment.
However, it's essential to acknowledge potential challenges, such as the need for certain industries to maintain continuous operations. Despite this, exploring flexible scheduling options within the context of a four-day workweek could still yield positive outcomes.
In conclusion, a four-day workweek holds promise for improving both productivity and work-life balance. By encouraging efficiency and allowing employees more time for personal pursuits, this shift in the traditional work structure could contribute to a healthier and more vibrant professional life.
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