Parliament and making of laws SST class 8. Notes - Class 8

 Page 1


 
Individualized Educational Plan
Abhishek
Class: 8th
Social Science: Parliament and the making
                          of laws
Date:
Educator’s Name: Poonam 
Page 2


 
Individualized Educational Plan
Abhishek
Class: 8th
Social Science: Parliament and the making
                          of laws
Date:
Educator’s Name: Poonam 
 
                                
                                 Democracy can be either
             
            Parliamentary                                        Presidential 
                Parliamentary 
1. The legislature comprising 2 
Houses of Parliament - 
Loksabha and Rajyasabha.
2. Parliament has the power to 
make laws for the country.
3. Prime minister is the real head 
of the government as well as the 
leader of majority party 
              Presidential
1. The president serves both as     
the head of the state and head of 
the government.
2. He/she is the supreme law-
making authority.
Lok             Rajya
Sabha        Sabha
Page 3


 
Individualized Educational Plan
Abhishek
Class: 8th
Social Science: Parliament and the making
                          of laws
Date:
Educator’s Name: Poonam 
 
                                
                                 Democracy can be either
             
            Parliamentary                                        Presidential 
                Parliamentary 
1. The legislature comprising 2 
Houses of Parliament - 
Loksabha and Rajyasabha.
2. Parliament has the power to 
make laws for the country.
3. Prime minister is the real head 
of the government as well as the 
leader of majority party 
              Presidential
1. The president serves both as     
the head of the state and head of 
the government.
2. He/she is the supreme law-
making authority.
Lok             Rajya
Sabha        Sabha
 
Composition of legislature
                 Lok Sabha
1. It is the “House of people”.
2. The Speaker is the presiding 
officer of the Lok Sabha.
3. He/She assisted by the 
Deputy Speaker.
4. Speaker and the Deputy 
Speaker are elected by the 
members of the Lok Sabha.
5. The members of Lok sabha 
are elected for a term of 5 
years.
6. 530 members can be elected 
by people from the states and 
20 representatives can be 
elected from the union 
territories.
                 Rajya Sabha
1. It is also known as “Council of 
states”.
2. The Vice-President of India is 
the chairman of the Rajya 
Sabha. 
3. He/she is assisted by the 
Deputy Chairman.
4. Vice-President is elected by all 
members of the Lok Sabha and 
Rajya Sabha. Deputy chairman 
is elected by the members of the 
House.
5. The members of Rajya Sabha 
are elected for a term of 6 years
6. It can have maximum of 250 
members. 
Lok Sabha is 
called the Lower 
House of parliament.
Rajya Sabha is 
called the Upper 
House of parliament.
Page 4


 
Individualized Educational Plan
Abhishek
Class: 8th
Social Science: Parliament and the making
                          of laws
Date:
Educator’s Name: Poonam 
 
                                
                                 Democracy can be either
             
            Parliamentary                                        Presidential 
                Parliamentary 
1. The legislature comprising 2 
Houses of Parliament - 
Loksabha and Rajyasabha.
2. Parliament has the power to 
make laws for the country.
3. Prime minister is the real head 
of the government as well as the 
leader of majority party 
              Presidential
1. The president serves both as     
the head of the state and head of 
the government.
2. He/she is the supreme law-
making authority.
Lok             Rajya
Sabha        Sabha
 
Composition of legislature
                 Lok Sabha
1. It is the “House of people”.
2. The Speaker is the presiding 
officer of the Lok Sabha.
3. He/She assisted by the 
Deputy Speaker.
4. Speaker and the Deputy 
Speaker are elected by the 
members of the Lok Sabha.
5. The members of Lok sabha 
are elected for a term of 5 
years.
6. 530 members can be elected 
by people from the states and 
20 representatives can be 
elected from the union 
territories.
                 Rajya Sabha
1. It is also known as “Council of 
states”.
2. The Vice-President of India is 
the chairman of the Rajya 
Sabha. 
3. He/she is assisted by the 
Deputy Chairman.
4. Vice-President is elected by all 
members of the Lok Sabha and 
Rajya Sabha. Deputy chairman 
is elected by the members of the 
House.
5. The members of Rajya Sabha 
are elected for a term of 6 years
6. It can have maximum of 250 
members. 
Lok Sabha is 
called the Lower 
House of parliament.
Rajya Sabha is 
called the Upper 
House of parliament.
 
                             Composition of the Executive
The President                       Prime Minister
                                   and the Council of Ministers
The President
- The President of India is the head of the state.
- He or she acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Council of 
  Ministers.
- The President is elected by the members of legislatures of all states and 
  union territories.
- He or she serves for a term of 5 years.
The Prime Minister
- The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the majority party in the Lok 
  Sabha.
- He or she serves for a minimum term of 5 years.
- The Prime Minister is elected by the citizens of India.
Council of Ministers
- The Council of Ministers is not a single body but a composite body.
- It consists ministers of 3 different ranks:
       1. Cabinet Ministers
       2. Ministers of state
       3. Deputy Ministers
- A minister must be a member of either House of Parliament.
Page 5


 
Individualized Educational Plan
Abhishek
Class: 8th
Social Science: Parliament and the making
                          of laws
Date:
Educator’s Name: Poonam 
 
                                
                                 Democracy can be either
             
            Parliamentary                                        Presidential 
                Parliamentary 
1. The legislature comprising 2 
Houses of Parliament - 
Loksabha and Rajyasabha.
2. Parliament has the power to 
make laws for the country.
3. Prime minister is the real head 
of the government as well as the 
leader of majority party 
              Presidential
1. The president serves both as     
the head of the state and head of 
the government.
2. He/she is the supreme law-
making authority.
Lok             Rajya
Sabha        Sabha
 
Composition of legislature
                 Lok Sabha
1. It is the “House of people”.
2. The Speaker is the presiding 
officer of the Lok Sabha.
3. He/She assisted by the 
Deputy Speaker.
4. Speaker and the Deputy 
Speaker are elected by the 
members of the Lok Sabha.
5. The members of Lok sabha 
are elected for a term of 5 
years.
6. 530 members can be elected 
by people from the states and 
20 representatives can be 
elected from the union 
territories.
                 Rajya Sabha
1. It is also known as “Council of 
states”.
2. The Vice-President of India is 
the chairman of the Rajya 
Sabha. 
3. He/she is assisted by the 
Deputy Chairman.
4. Vice-President is elected by all 
members of the Lok Sabha and 
Rajya Sabha. Deputy chairman 
is elected by the members of the 
House.
5. The members of Rajya Sabha 
are elected for a term of 6 years
6. It can have maximum of 250 
members. 
Lok Sabha is 
called the Lower 
House of parliament.
Rajya Sabha is 
called the Upper 
House of parliament.
 
                             Composition of the Executive
The President                       Prime Minister
                                   and the Council of Ministers
The President
- The President of India is the head of the state.
- He or she acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Council of 
  Ministers.
- The President is elected by the members of legislatures of all states and 
  union territories.
- He or she serves for a term of 5 years.
The Prime Minister
- The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the majority party in the Lok 
  Sabha.
- He or she serves for a minimum term of 5 years.
- The Prime Minister is elected by the citizens of India.
Council of Ministers
- The Council of Ministers is not a single body but a composite body.
- It consists ministers of 3 different ranks:
       1. Cabinet Ministers
       2. Ministers of state
       3. Deputy Ministers
- A minister must be a member of either House of Parliament.
 
Procedure of Law-Making in India
First reading or the Introduction
A bill is first read in a House of Parliament when a member of the 
House introduces it.
Second Reading
At this stage, the bill is discussed thoroughly amongst members of 
the Parliament who can then suggest possible changes.
Third Reading
At this stage, the bill is drafted again after making suitable changes.
Bill in the Second House
The bill is then sent to the other house, where it goes through the 
same procedure.
President’s Consent
The President either signs the bill or sends it back with suggestions.
The bill when signed by the President, becomes a law and is 
thereafter known as an Act.