Practice Doc: XAT 2020 For Decision Making | Additional Study Material for CAT PDF Download

Instructions 
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions: 
Vindhya, Shabnam and Amala are interning at a software organization as part of the requirement of their B-school curriculum.
The organization has allotted each of them a project based on their area of specialization. In the first meeting with the HR head, they are informed of a PPO possibility (pre-placement offer, i.e., an offer to join the company after their MBA), based on their performance. All of them are eager to convert their internship into a job offer.
Each of them is assigned a mentor who evaluates the intern's performance along with the HR head.
1. In the second week of her eight-week internship, Amala realizes that the project requires inputs from subjects she studied in her third trimester. However, during the third trimester, Amala was significantly distracted by an inter-college sports meet, affecting her grasp of the subjects.
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate way forward for Amala?
(A) Amala should request her mentor to allocate a different project because of her limited familiarity with the inputs required.
(B) Amala should disclose to the mentor her limited understanding of the required inputs and seek his suggestions.
(C) Amala should seek Shabnam’s help who performed well in the third trimester.
(D) Amala should realize that she may not get a PPO and so focus on networking with the experienced talent in the organization.
(E) Amala, after studying the organization for a week, should design her own project and pitch it to her mentor.
Ans. (B)

2. Vindhya’s project is about understanding employee perception regarding the organization’s HR policies. Against her own instinct, she is suggested by her mentor to interview only the good performers identified by his office because poor performers, he believes, usually crib against the policies.
Which of the following courses of action will BEST enable Vindhya to provide the organization with a complete picture?
(A) Vindhya should completely comply with her mentor’s suggestion.
(B) Vindhya should ignore her mentor’s directive, collect data from all, but compile reports separately for the good performers and the poor performers.
(C) Vindhya should report this restraint to the HR head requesting her immediate intervention in the project.
(D) Vindhya should request the HR Head to allot her another mentor without divulging the reason.
(E) Vindhya should meet only those identified by her mentor, but also collect information from them as why their other colleagues are disgruntled.
Ans. (E)

3. Shabnam, who is working on sales executives’ work-life balance, has collected the following details about their frequent travels:
1. Frequent meetings help strengthen relationships with key customers.
2. Travelling has no effect on the personal lives of the sales executives as most of them are single.
3. Travel enhances the financial health of the sales executives since their fixed salaries are low.
4. Frequent travel has no significant impact on market budget, given the current high margins from sales.
5. The sales executives have the autonomy to decide the frequency of their travel.
Shabnam thinks that the frequency of travel is higher than required.
Which of the following combinations of the above reasons can enable Shabnam BEST substantiate her thinking?

(A) 1, 2 and 4
(B) 2, 3 and 4
(C) 3, 4 and 5
(D) 2, 3 and 5
(E) 1, 3 and 5
Ans. C

Instructions 
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions: 
A Multinational Company (MNC) sources pristine natural spring water from Bori, a village in Satpura mountains. The unprocessed natural spring water is directly bottled by the MNC. The company brands it as “Natural Spring Water” and sells at 50% premium vis-a-vis other brands that sell processed water.
The local panchayat, under the Panchayati Raj Act, 1992 controls the spring water usage. Hence, the company signed a 30-year contract with the panchayat for exclusive access to the spring water for business purposes. This contract contributes 50% to the panchayat’s revenues besides providing 250 jobs in the panchayat. The spring also meets domestic and agricultural needs of the people of Bori and the surrounding villages.
4. Chanchala owns a small parcel of farming land in Bori. She grows cannabis in some part of her land and earns a significant amount of money from it. Soon after the bottling plant was commissioned, Chanchala, instigated by a landlord with a vested interest, starts accusing the MNC of robbing her of water and impacting her livelihood. She threatens to take the MNC to court.
Which of the following options will BEST solve the MNC’s problem?
(A) Promise to employ Chanchala’s 17-year-old son as he turns 18
(B) Request the panchayat to excommunicate Chanchala for cultivating cannabis
(C) Buy Chanchala’s produce at a premium of 30% to the market price
(D) Get the villagers employed by the MNC to persuade Chanchala not to sue
(E) Compensate the monetary loss as perceived by Chanchala
Ans. (D)

5. The MNC has spotted traces of chemicals in their fortnightly water quality analysis. The MNC realizes that this is due to the contaminated agricultural runoff, flowing into the spring from the nearby fields where farmers use pesticides and fertilizers.
This requires an immediate solution. Which of the following options will BEST resolve the situation for the MNC?
(A) Continue bottling the natural spring water without processing since the villagers drink it as it is
(B) Since the customers trust the MNC to do what is good for them, remove the contaminants and continue to brand as “Natural Spring Water”
(C) Rebrand “Natural Spring Water” as “Purified Spring Water” after removing the contaminants through charcoal filtering
(D) Close down the bottling plant until the problem is resolved and inform the media that customer interests override profit concerns
(E) Source water from an uncontaminated natural spring 150 kms away at an addition of 50% to the total cost
Ans. (E)

6. The MNC is concerned about chemical contamination of the natural spring water due to the agricultural runoff with pesticides and fertilizers. The MNC is looking for a sustainable solution to this contamination.
Which of the following courses of action will BEST solve the issue?
(A) Negotiate with the Panchayat to gain control of the entire spring and provide alternate sources of irrigation for farming
(B) Change branding from “Natural Spring Water” to “Processed Drinking Water”
(C) Move to another state with unexploited natural springs
(D) Coax the farmers in the natural spring’s catchment to move to organic farming
(E) Acquire all agricultural land in the natural spring’s catchment and afforest them
Ans. (D)

Instructions 
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions: 
The Small Shop, selling computer peripherals, is the only one of its kind in the remote village of Turturunk. Because online purchases take two weeks or more to arrive, The Small Shop is a quick stop for buying items such as pen drives and USB cables. Besides selling computer peripherals, The Small Shop also undertakes repairs of out-of-warranty products.
7. The Small Shop which earlier recorded an annual increase of approximately 12% in revenues has been stagnating at 4% for the last three years, during which e-commerce sidelined brick and mortar outlets. The shop is struggling to increase profitability. In general, The Small Shop has been offering a discount on MRP to compete with e-commerce prices.
Which of the following is the BEST reason for The Small Shop NOT to reduce the current discount offered to the customers?
(A) A large fading sign prominently placed behind the shop’s cash counter reads “in business and in life, always be fair”.
(B) Recently customers from a nearby village have started shopping at The Small Shop for low-end peripherals, accounting for around 3% of the shop’s total revenues.
(C) To cover insurance costs, e-commerce has begun charging a delivery fee from last year.
(D) A new resident who earlier worked in the computer hardware industry is contemplating starting a business in Turturunk.
(E) Even though e-commerce offers a greater range of choices, villagers prefer buying readily available products from The Small Shop.
Ans. (E)

8. The Small Shop wants to increase the variety of products sold, including expensive ones. However, it is averse to accumulating unsold products, specifically of the expensive kind.
Which of the following is the BEST option if The Small Shop wants to increase the variety of the products it sells?
(A) The Small Shop should make an arrangement with a retailer of the nearest city. The shop can spare one of its employees once a week to procure the weekly requirements.
(B) The Small Shop should focus only on low-end peripherals that currently contribute to 60% of its revenues.
(C) The Small Shop should get suppliers to courier its requirements to the shop whenever needed. The suppliers require that The Small Shop orders a minimum quantity every month.
(D) The Small Shop should acquire extra space at lower rentals available at a distance of three kilometres from its current location.
(E) The Small Shop should focus exclusively on high-end peripherals which contribute to 10% of its revenues but 25% of its profits.
Ans. (A)

9. An emerging brand offers a franchise to The Small Shop for repairing its products, on a condition that other brands are not to be repaired. Repairs currently account for 15% of its revenues.
Which of the following, if true, will BEST help The Small Shop to decide on the franchise?
(A) The Small Shop will have to send two of its employees for a three-month training if it wishes to be a franchisee. The emerging brand will bear the training cost.
(B) The upcoming brand is very new and needs franchisees desperately.
(C) Revenues from repairs are expected to increase by about 3-5 percent annually.
(D) No big and reputed brand has shown any interest in franchising The Small Shop.
(E) For the first three years, the emerging brand has offered to pay a fixed amount equal to the revenues earned from repairs the previous year.
Ans. (C)

Instructions
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions: 
When Deepti opened the package, she was aghast. She received cotton pillow covers instead of satin pillow covers, she had ordered.
Deepti ordered them for her father from a popular e-commerce website that hosted products of many sellers.
Confused, Deepti contacted the seller’s office using the details given on the package. The seller’s representative profusely regretted and promised to send the satin pillow covers at no extra cost. He added that Deepti need not return the cotton covers she received.
Deepti happily accepted the deal.
A few days later, Deepti received another package from the seller. Unfortunately, this package also contained cotton pillow covers.
Completely disillusioned with the seller’s professionalism, Deepti decided to put to use these cotton pillow covers also.
10. A few days later, Deepti received an email from the e-commerce website, requesting her to share feedback about the seller. Deeply frustrated with the overall online purchasing experience, she deliberately ignored it.
Later that evening, over supper, her father opined that the balcony curtains needed to be changed. He suggested that they be bought from a local shop. “If something went wrong, we could at least yell at the seller,” he added.
Deepti stared at her laptop and began writing her feedback.
What would Deepti DEFINITELY achieve by giving feedback?
(A) Prove a point to her father
(B) Release her frustration
(C) Coerce the e-commerce website to punish the seller
(D) Instigate people against the seller E An act of social service
Ans. (B)

11. In the feedback column, Deepti awarded 1-star out of the maximum 5 stars to the seller and described her negative experience.
Later that evening, the sales head called and pleaded with her to retract her feedback and upgrade them to 5-star, as they had already fired the employee concerned. He appealed that they were a young organization and that their sales were getting badly affected.
Given the circumstances, what should be the IDEAL response?
(A) She should retain the feedback but award 3-star as a consolation measure.
(B) She should stick to her feedback and the stars awarded since she reported only what had taken place.
(C) She should retract the feedback and award 5-star as the seller has already punished the concerned employee.
(D) She should order again with the same seller and share her renewed experience.
(E) She should retract the feedback and award 5-star since sales are getting affected.
Ans. (B)

12. After a few months, the sales head enquired, “In case you are using the cotton pillow covers and like them, kindly rate them on the ecommerce website. It will help us serve our customers better.” Later that evening, her father remarked, “You know, I really love these pillow covers though I am not sure why you bought so many of them”.
Which of the following reasons gives Deepti the BEST rationale to ignore the sales head’s request?
(A) Acceding to the request will imply that she was wrong in ordering satin pillow covers in the first place.
(B) If the seller truly cared about customers, they should have shipped the satin pillow covers by now.
(C) Her review will lack credibility since there is no proof that she purchased the product.
(D) Acceding to the request benefits just the seller while her sore experience remains.
(E) Cotton pillow covers were delivered erroneously. Hence the seller does not deserve appreciation.
Ans. (B)

Instructions
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions: 
Rakesh, who hailed from Dhanbad, worked in Jamshedpur with SPCIL, a government construction company. Although HR policies concerning job security & work-life balance attracted Rakesh to SPCIL, over time he found his work monotonous with no growth opportunities. However, the proximity to Dhanbad enabled him to visit his parents at his convenience.
Recently Rakesh applied to Grow and Prosper (G&P), a multinational company engaged in construction related operations, making inroads into many Indian states. G&P interviewed Rakesh and offered him three times his current salary at SPCIL.
13. While considering G&P’s offer, Rakesh pondered over the following facts:
1. A recent government policy made poor performance punishable by salary reduction or dismissal.
2. The first assignment at G&P is a bridge construction project in a village near Dhanbad.
3. With his current savings, Rakesh need not depend on regular income for at least six months.
4. Though an exemplary performer, Rakesh has hardly been recognized at SPCIL.
5. Based on the annual performance review at G&P, Rakesh will either earn double the salary or get fired.
Which of the following combinations of the above facts will BEST help Rakesh decide on joining G&P?
(A) 5, 4, 2
(B) 1, 3, 4
(C) 1, 4, 5
(D) 2, 4, 3
(E) 4, 3, 5
Ans. (A)

14. While mulling over the offer, Rakesh consulted Manikandan, his trusted senior at SPCIL. Manikandan, who had friends in G&P, disclosed that it preferred government employees for its projects in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. “Once the project is completed, G&P may not need your skills,” observed Manikandan.
Which of the following, if true, will BEST enable Rakesh to decide on the offer?
(A) During the interview, G&P quizzed if Rakesh would sustain his relationship with his former colleagues at SPCIL.
(B) Through social media, Rakesh discovered that Manikandan’s contact, who had left SPCIL to join G&P, is no longer with G&P.
(C) Senior-level employees at G&P, who began their career in similar projects, are now confined to their desk at the head office for almost a decade.
(D) As G&P also planned to enter two Southern states, it has decided to recruit people from those states.
(E) Manikandan stopped both of his sons from taking up private-sector jobs, given his loyalty to the government.
Ans. (C)

15. Rakesh, in his current job, came across incidences of bribing by private sector officials. He wondered if he might have to bribe government officials while at G&P.
He reflected on his interview with G&P: 
1. The interviewers were puzzled how Rakesh could manage his EMIs with his current income. 
2. One interviewer was constantly probing how Rakesh managed to meet his project deadlines with little cooperation from his subordinates. 
3. “What would you do if your project has a fortnight’s deadline and it takes a month to obtain a permit?,” asked another interviewer. 
4. A question that intrigued Rakesh was, “Should a pack of dacoits share their loot with one of their gang, who had killed a bystander against their motto ‘Thou shalt not kill’?” Which of the following sequences of the above statements is in the MOST appropriate DESCENDING order of bribing undertones?
(A) 3, 4, 1, 2
(B) 4, 3, 2, 1
(C) 4, 1, 2, 3
(D) 1, 3, 2, 4
(E) 3, 1, 2, 4
Ans. E

Instructions 
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions:
Two industrial towns, Jayanagar and Ramnagar, about 15 kms. apart, are similar in land area, population, ethnic diversity and per capita incomes.
Jagdeep Singh owns a bakery named Le Baguette in Jayanagar. He specializes in croissants, masala bread and whole wheat bread; eggless cakes are also a favorite.
Among the four bakeries in Jayanagar, Jagdeep’s bakery with a market share of 30% is second only to the oldest Le Croissant bakery whose market share is 40%. Le Croissant commands a loyal customer base and does not offer eggless varieties.

16. Jagdeep has decided to open a branch in Ramnagar. Which of the following facts about Ramnagar will BEST support his decision?
(A) 3% of Le Baguette’s current revenue comes from Ramnagar.
(B) Jagdeep has managed to acquire a big space in Ramnagar at a nominal rent.
(C) Before starting his own bakery, Jagdeep was supplying bread to most bakeries in Ramnagar.
(D) Ramnagar is served by 4 bakeries, with the two largest bakeries having market shares of 55% and 25% respectively.
(E) Le Croissant’s Ramnagar branch struggles with a market share of 10%.

Ans. A

17. Jagdeep wishes to open a 100% eggless branch in Ramnagar. To explore feasibility, he collected the following facts:
1. Eggless products account for 30% of Le Baguette’s sales.
2. At least 20% of all bakery sales in Ramnagar is from eggless products.
3. The eggless varieties of Le Baguette contain minute traces of egg.
4. Le Baguette currently makes 3% of its revenue from Ramnagar customers and all of it comes from eggless products.
5. Le Croissant’s Ramnagar branch struggles with a market share of 10%.
From the combinations below, in the DESCENDING order of effectiveness, choose the one that BEST supports Jagdeep’s decision.
(A) 5, 2, 1
(B) 2, 1, 3
(C) 2, 4, 1
(D) 4, 3, 2
(E) 5, 4, 1
Ans. (C)

18. From a newspaper, Jagdeep has learnt that Americans use their own ovens to bake ready-to-bake products, sold by some bakeries.
This idea is apparently catching up in Indian metros as well.
Jagdeep wants to try this out in his bakery. He has gathered the following facts: 
1. US bakeries that also sell ready-to-bake products earned higher revenues compared to those that do not.
2. Around 7% of Jagdeep’s regular customers own baking ovens in their homes. 
3. The sale of baking ovens in India is forecast to increase by 12% every year, for the next three years. 
4. 50% of Jagdeep’s regular customers are full time working couples.
5. In Indian metros, ready-to-bake products give higher profit margins compared to finished products.
Select the BEST of the following sequences of the above facts, in DESCENDING order of effectiveness, to support Jagdeep.
(A) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4
(B) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2
(C) 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
(D) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
(E) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5
Ans. D

Instructions
Read the situation below and answer the 3 associated questions: 
A powerful, intelligent king Vanamali once ruled over an ancient kingdom, Vanarajya. The kingdom was known for its high mountains and sprawling plains, and ninety percent of its land was under forest cover. Trade in forest produce was the mainstay of its economy, supported by subsistence agriculture.
With the increase of population, over time the forest in the plains was cleared for agriculture. The forest in the mountains continued to supply nutrient-enriched water and abundant forest produce to the plains. As a result, agricultural yields were bountiful. The plains prospered as compared to the mountains.

19. The increasing prosperity of the plains people tempted those in the mountains to divert forest land for agriculture. Vanamali was afraid that expansion of agriculture would result in deforestation of the mountains.
Which of the following is the BEST course of action for Vanamali to conserve the mountain forest?
(A) Institute a mechanism that ensures plains people pay royalty, to be transferred to mountain people for maintaining forest cover
(B) Declare a “Mountain Day” when plains people meet and thank mountain people for sustaining their agriculture
(C) Constitute a committee to protect the forest with powers to punish those who fell trees

(D) Urge the elders of the mountains to come up with agricultural practices that ensure no erosion of forest cover E Levy a tax on traded agricultural produce from the plains to cross-subsidize supplies to mountain people
Ans. (A)

20. Vanamali, afraid of further deforestation, issued a diktat against felling of trees in the mountains. In due course, thanks to the booming agriculture, the king along with plains people began to prosper. However, mountain people became relatively poor, thanks to Vanamali’s diktat.
Which of the following options should mountain people choose to BEST protect their long-term interests?
(A) Sell forest produce exclusively to the neighbouring kingdoms
(B) Seek employment in the plains
(C) Ignore Vanamali’s diktat and divert forest land for agriculture
(D) Charge a premium on forest produce and issue hunting permits
(E) Stop the flow of rivers to the plains
Ans. (D)

21. The village elders of the mountains had informed Vanamali about the presence of a precious metal in abundance under a large part of the forest. They pleaded with him to repeal his diktat and permit felling of trees for mining.
Vanamali knew that the precious metal would make his kingdom prosper. However, he was worried that mining would reduce the flow of nutrients, water and forest produce to the plains.
Vanamali’s advisor Vanapandit presented the following action plans for his consideration: 
1. Repeal the forest diktat and charge hefty royalty for mining in the mountains
2. Permit mining in the mountains and enforce rainwater harvesting in the plains
3. Permit mining in the mountains and begin afforestation in the plains
4. Continue with the forest diktat in the mountains
5. Permit limited mining in rotation but maintain the forest diktat in the rest of the mountains 
Which of the following sequences of action plans, in the DESCENDING order of their ability to contribute to Vanarajya’s sustainable prosperity, will be the MOST appropriate for Vanamali?
(A) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1
(B) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1
(C) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3
(D) 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
(E) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
Ans. (E)