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In the field of endocrinology, measuring hormone concentrations has been a challenge due to their extremely low levels in the bloodstream, often as low as one millionth of a microgram per mL. However, a groundbreaking technique called radioimmunoassay was developed in the mid 20th century, enabling the measurement of hormones and their end products. Radioimmunoassay involves a four-step procedure: developing an antibody specific to the hormone, mixing the antibody with fluid samples from the organism being tested and purified standard hormone samples marked with a radioactive isotope, analyzing the relative binding using radioactive counting techniques, and creating a "standard curve" relationship between radioactive concentration and organism hormone concentrations. This technique allows for the measurement of hormone concentrations even in extremely small quantities, with an error rate of 10-15 percent.

Question for Practice Passage Test - 2
Try yourself:What is the error rate when using the "standard curve" in radioimmunoassay?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 2
Try yourself:What technique revolutionized the measurement of hormone concentrations?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 2
Try yourself:What is the purpose of the first step in radioimmunoassay?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 2
Try yourself:How does radioimmunoassay determine the relative concentration of hormone samples?
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Question for Practice Passage Test - 2
Try yourself:What does the "standard curve" in radioimmunoassay represent?
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