Practice Questions: Life Process - 1 Notes | Study Science Class 10 - Class 10

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q 1. Define nutrition.

Nutrition is a method in which the food is consumed by the organisms into the body and utilizing the nutrients from the food.

Q 2. Name the enzymes present in the stomach.

Pepsin is an enzyme that is present in the stomach.

Q 3. Which part of the body secretes bile? Where is bile stored?

Bile is secreted only by the liver and is stored in the gall bladder.

Q 4. Define peristalsis.

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.

Q 5. What is the emulsification of fat?

Emulsification is the process that involves the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller globules that are soluble in water.

Q 6. Name the enzyme present in human saliva. What type of food material is digested by this enzyme?

The enzyme found in human saliva is ptyaline. Ptyaline is also known as salivary amylase. Secreted ptyaline in the mouth causes starch digestion in the mouth itself.

Q 7. Define assimilation.

The absorption and digestion of food or nutrients by the body or any biological system is known as assimilation.

Q.8. Name the most common method of ingestion in Amoeba.

Phagocytosis is the most common method of ingestion in Amoeba.

Q 9. Why is the food vacuole of Amoeba called a temporary stomach?

In amoeba, after the digestion of food in the food vacuole, the food vacuole disappears and new food vacuole will be created every time. Thus it is known as a 'Temporary stomach'. 

Q 10. Name different types of teeth present in man.

• Eight incisors: There are four incisors each in the upper jaw and the lower jaw. They are meant for cutting.
• Four canines: The pointy teeth on either side of the incisors are canines. They are meant for tearing.
• Eight premolars: They are present next to the canines. They are meant for grinding.
• Twelve molars: They are present at the end of the jaw, next to the premolars. It also includes four wisdom teeth.
  
  Types of Teeth

Q 11. Which part of the alimentary canal is adapted for complete digestion and absorption of food?

Small intestine is adapted for complete digestion and absorption of food.

Q 12. What is succus entericus?

• Succus entericus is the alkaline secretion produced by glands in the wall of the duodenum, consisting of water, mucoproteins and hydrogen carbonate ions. 
• The intestinal juice or succus entericus is secreted by crypts of Lieberkuhn.
• It helps to counteract the highly acidic and proteolytic chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach, and thus protects the duodenum from damage.
  
  

Q 13. Name the largest gland of the human body.

Liver is the largest gland of the human body.

Q 14. Name the protein-digesting enzymes present in the pancreatic juice of man.

Tryspin is the protein-digesting enzyme present in the pancreatic juice of man.

Q 15. What are the end-products of fat digestion?

Fats are digested in the small intestine. The complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results in three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule. The liver produces bile that helps you digest fats and certain vitamins.

Q 16. Which structure prevents the entry of food particles into the windpipe?

The epiglottis moves back and forth to prevent the passage of food and liquids into the lungs through the windpipe. 

Q 17. Name the factors which affect photosynthesis.

The factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are:

• Temperature
• Intensity and wavelength of sunlight
• Carbon dioxide concentration
• Water
  
  

Q 18. Write the complete reaction of photosynthesis.

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Q 19. Name any two types of pigment present in plants that can absorb sunlight energy.

Xanthophyll and Chlorophyll are pigments present in plants that can absorb sunlight energy.

Q 20. Name the cellular organelle where the photosynthesis process occurs.

Chloroplast is the cellular organelle where the photosynthesis process occurs.

Q 21. Give the function of guard cells.

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata by intake of potassium ions and water. It helps in the exchange of gases.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q 1. Describe various modes of nutrition.

Nutrition is mainly divided into two categories:

• Autotrophic mode of nutrition:
  (i) Phototrophic: Organisms prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
  Example: Green plants
  (ii) Chemotrophic: Organisms prepare their own food in the presence of chemicals such as nitrate, hydrogen sulphate, iron, sulphur etc.
  Example:  Bacteria
• Heterotrophic mode of nutrition:
  (i) Holozoic: Animals eat their whole food. It includes five stages of digestion such as ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
  Example: Humans
  (ii) Saprophytic: Organisms feed on dead and decaying organic matters. In this mode, organisms first convert the complex food into the simple form and then ingests them.
  Example: Decomposers
  (iii) Parasitic: Organisms obtain food from other living organisms. In this mode, one organism (parasite) lives inside the other organism (host organism) and derive nutrients from that.
  Example: Tapeworm

Q 2. Mention various steps of nutrition in Amoeba.

Holozoic nutrition is the process of nutrition that takes place in organisms that take solid or liquid food inside their body. Amoeba follows holozoic nutrition.

Holozoic nutrition in amoeba takes place in the following steps:

(i) Ingestion
(ii) Digestion
(iii) Absorption
(iv) Assimilation
(v) Egestion

Q 3. Draw the position of salivary glands in the mouth.

Q 4. What is the role of hydrochloric acid in our stomach?

Hydrochloric acid makes the environment in the stomach acidic, kills the microbes in the stomach which enter with the food and provides a desired acidic medium so that the enzyme pepsin can act on the food.

Q 5. State two functions of the large intestine of man.

• It stores the waste food materials.
• It reabsorbs waters and salts that were left after digestion.

Q 6. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?

All the living organism is made up of cell and shows living characteristics by showing some visible movement such as walking, breathing, or growing. However, a living organism can also have movements, which are not visible to the naked eye. But all the living cells perform life processes like respiration, nutrition, reproduction, etc. Therefore, the presence of life processes is a fundamental criterion that can be used to decide whether something is alive or not.

Q 7. What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?

Q 8. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?

The small intestine is the most important part of the alimentary canal for digestion and absorption of food. 

• It has three regions a U-shaped duodenum, a long coiled middle portion jejunum and a highly coiled ileum.
• The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine. 
• These modifications increase the surface area for more absorption. Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal.
• It transports lipid molecules. The wall of the intestine is surrounded by the blood vessels which assimilate the food molecules to the different parts of the body.

Q 9. What is the difference between ingestion and egestion?

• Ingestion: Taking in complex organic food by the organism is called ingestion.

• Egestion: The elimination of undigested waste and food materials from the body is called egestion.

Q 10. How can dental caries be prevented?

By avoiding the food that causes acidity, one can prevent dental caries.

Questions for Self-Practice

Q 1. Look at the figure and identify X. What is its role in plants?

Q 2. Which is the site of Photosynthesis? In the given figure showing a section of the leaf as seen under a microscope. What is the role of the waxy layer on the upper epidermis?

Q 3. Look at the figure. Answer the following questions:

(a) What is the need to use potassium hydroxide?
(b) Why do we need two plants?
(c) Why do we cover both plants with polythene sheets or bell jars?
(d) What observation do you expect at the end of the experiment and why?
(e) What is the aim of the activity?

Q 4. If a plant is kept covered with a polythene sheet, we notice some water drops on the inner side of the sheet after some time. What are they due to? Name and define the process. What is the significance of this process in plants and nature? How does transpiration help in the upward movement of water from roots to leaves?