Extra Questions: Manufacturing Industries - Social Studies (SST) Class 10

Q1. Describe any three main features of the chemical industry? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. It is fast-growing.
2. It is very Diversified industry.
3. It comprises of both large and small scale manufacturing units.Chemical Industry

Q2. Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. India produces good quality of long-staple cotton (9232 lakh bales in 2004-05), still, she needs cotton from import. India exports cotton yarn. 
2. If the home weaving sector is developed it could earn many benefits through proper utilization of cotton yarn.

Q3. Explain any three factors that influence the location of an industry. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. Nearness to raw materials i.e. coal, iron, etc, is an important factor of industrial location.
2. Market offers an important locational factor.
3. Besides, a plenty source of capital can invite industry in any location.

Q4. What is the contribution of industry to the national economy of India? Compare it with the East-Asian countries. What is the desired growth and present position of industry in GDP? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. The share of the manufacturing sector is 17% of the GDP out of a total of 27% for the industry. Out of this 10% is for the mining, quarrying, electricity and gas. As compared to East-Asian countries, it is very low where it is about 25% to 35%. Over the last decade, the growth rate in manufacturing is 7% per annum.
2. The desired growth rate is 12% for the next decade. It had increased to 9% to 10% per annum since 2003. It is expected that due to the inclusion of policy by the government and efforts by the industry to increase production, economists predicted that such measures might increase the manufacturing over the next decade. To fulfil this aspect, National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up.

Q5. Mention any two challenges faced by the jute industry in India. State any one step taken by the government to stimulate its demand. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 
The two important challenges faced by the jute industry in India are as follows:

1. Stiff competition in the International market from synthetic substitutes and
2. To face challenges of competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Phillippines, Egypt, and Thailand.
3. The government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging is one step on this line.Jute Industry

Q6. Mention any two factors that have contributed to the healthy growth of the automobile industry in India? Name two centers where this industry is located. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. The introduction of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market.
2. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments. 
3. The two centres of the automobile industry: 
   (i) Jamshedpur and
   (ii) Gurgaon.

Q7. What are the three main reasons for shifting the sugar mills to Maharashtra in recent years? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Three main reasons are as follows:

1. The cane produced has a higher sucrose content.
2. The cooler climate ensures a longer crushing season.
3. The cooperatives are more successful in these state.

Q8. What is natural gas? What are its advantages? Name one region of India where its reserves are found. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. Natural gas is an important clean energy resource found in association with or without petroleum. 
2. It is used as a source of energy as well as industrial raw materials in the petrochemical industry.
3. Large reserves of Natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin of Andhra Pradesh.

Q9. What are software technology parks? State any two points of significance of the Information Technology industry in India? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Software technology parks provide single window services and high data communication facilities to software experts.
The two significant points of IT industries are as follows:

1. It generates huge employment. Up to March 31, 2005, it employed over one million persons, 30 per cent of which are women.
2. The industry has been a major foreign exchange earner through growing Business processes outsourcing (BPO) sources.

Q10. Examine how can the industrial pollution of freshwater resources. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. Freshwater sources are polluted by organic and inorganic wastes and effluents discharged by industries into rivers. 
2. The main culprits are paper and pulp, chemical, textile petroleum, refineries, tanneries etc. industries.

Q11. Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater resources. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
3. Treatment of hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Q12. Mention any six factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. Proximity of the jute producing areas.
2. Cheap water transport facilities.
3. Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw materials to the mills.
4. Abundant water for processing raw jute.
5. Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
6. Bank, insurance and port facilities for the export of jute goods.

Q13. Why is there a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states in India? Explain any three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Three main reasons are as follows:

1. The cane produced has a higher sucrose content.
2. The cooler climate ensures a longer crushing season.
3. The cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Q14. Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plants stating three points of distinction. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. An Integrated steel plant is larger than Mini Steel Plant.
2. Mini steel plant use steel scrap and sponge iron while Integrated steel plant use basic raw materials ie iron ore for making steel.
3. Mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel while integrated steel plant produces only steel.

Q15. Explain any three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India. [2010 (T-2)]
Ans. Three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are as follows:

1. Power supply is erratic and machinery are backdated.
2. Output of labour is low.
3. Facing stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry. Cotton Industry

Q16. Explain any three ways to control environmental degradation caused by industries. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
3. Treatment of hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Q17. How are agriculture and industries interdependent on each other? Explain any three points. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Agriculture and industry go hand in hand.

1. The agro-industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
2. Agriculture needs pumps, fertilizers, insecticides etc, which creates demand for industry to produce such items.
3. The competitiveness of manufacturing industries as well as the efficiency of production processes is both improved.

Q18. How do industries create thermal and noise pollution? Mention their consequences. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. Hot water from factories when is allowed to flow into rivers and ponds is caused thermal pollution. 
2. Thermal pollution would affect aquatic life greatly. 
3. Industrial and construction activities by huge machinery create unwanted sounds of intolerable nature which impaired human ears and nervous breakdown.

Q19. Distinguish between agro-based and mineral-based industries. Also, give two examples of each. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

Q20. Why is the iron and steel industry called the basic and heavy industry? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Iron and steel industry is called basic heavy industry because its:

1. Large scale of operation both input and output.
2. It's output ie, steel is used for making machinery, construction, defence etc purposes as basic raw materials. Therefore it is called basic industry. Iron and Steel Industry

Q21. “Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand.” Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Agriculture and industry go hand in hand.

1. The agro-industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity
2. Agriculture needs pumps, fertilizers insecticides etc, which creates demand for industry to produce such items.
3. Competitiveness of manufacturing industries as well as efficiency of production processes are both improved.

Q22. Why is the cotton textile industry the largest industry in India today? Give any three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. The cotton textile industry contributes 14 per cent of the total industrial production.
2. It provides employment to 35 million persons directly – the second largest after agriculture.
3. It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 per cent (4 per cent of GDP).

Q23. How does industrial pollution degrade the environment? Explain with three examples. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. The three types of pollution caused by industries are air pollution, water pollution and Noise pollution.

1. Air pollution through the spewing of smoke from industry pollutes the air with sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
2. Industrial wastes and effluents discharged through industries into rivers and ponds cause water pollution
3. Besides, industrial and construction activities generate noise pollution.

Q24. Explain any three factors which influence industrial locations. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. Nearness to raw materials ie, coal iron etc, is an important factor of industrial location.
2. Market offers an important locational factor.
3. Besides, a plenty source of capital can invite industry in any location.

Q25. Explain three major challenges faced by the sugar industry in India. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Major challenges of sugar industry are:

1. Seasonal nature of the industry.
2. Old and inefficient methods of production.
3. Transport delay in reaching, sugar factories and the need to maximise the use of bagasse.

Q26. Explain any three types of pollution caused by industries. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. The three types of pollution caused by industries are air pollution, water pollution and Noise pollution.

1. Air pollution through spewing of smoke from industry pollute the air with sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
2. Industrial wastes and effluents discharged through industries into rivers and ponds cause water pollution
3. Besides, industrial and construction activities generate noise pollution.Industries Pollute the Environment

Q27. Why are most of the Iron and steel plants of India concentrated in the Chhota Nagpur plateau region? Give three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of steel plants because of the following factors:

1. Low cost of iron ore and high-grade raw materials in proximity.
2. Cheap labour.
3. Vast growth potential in the home market.

Q28. Why is the fertilizer industry almost widespread throughout the country? Give three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. The spread of the fertilizer industry rests on raw materials ie, coal, petroleum and natural gas and hence it is located near to it.
2. After Green Revolution, it is expanded to many parts of the country where agricultural prosperity is achieved.
3. Fertilizers can be transported through pipelines to far off places which causes decentralization.

Q29. Explain any three factors responsible for the location of cotton textile industry in Mumbai and Ahmedabad. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Factors responsible for the location of cotton textile industry in Mumbai and Ahmedabad are:

1. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities
2. Cheap labour
3. Moist climate 

Q30. Study the table given below and answer questions that follow :

Total Finished Steel Production in India.
(a) What was the total finished steel production in India in 1950-51?
Ans. 1.04 million tonnes.
(b) How much and steel production increase in 2004-2005 as compared to the production in 1950-51?
Ans.  31.56 million tonnes
(c) Why is the per capita consumption of steel low in India? [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Because of a huge population in comparison to steel production.

Q31. What is the meaning of the manufacturing industry? Why is it considered the backbone of economic development? Give two reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. Production of good, in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called the manufacturing industry.
The manufacturing industry is considered as the backbone of economic development from the point of view:

1. It helps in modernizing agriculture which is the backbone of our economy. 
2. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings much needed foreign exchange.Manufacturing Industries

Q32. Mention any three objectives of National Jute Policy, 2005. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. Increasing productivity.
2. Improving quality.
3. Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per Hectare.

Q33. India is an important iron and steel, producing country in the world, yet we are not able to perform to our full potential’ Give any three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. High costs and limited availability of cooking coal.
2. Lower productivity of labour.
3. Irregular supply of energy.

Q34. Where was the first cement plant set up in India? Explain any two reasons for the fast expansion of cement industry in India. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. In Chennai in 1904.
2. Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms.
3. Rapid growth of construction activities all over India.

Q35. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries”. Elaborate on the statement. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans. 

1. Resource utilization can not be made without the manufacturing industry. 
2. The manufacturing industry transforms raw materials into finished products which added value to it. 
3. Countries having a good number of manufacturing industries are able to utilize resources more fruitfully and are therefore they considered as an advanced country. 
4. India's contribution to the manufacturing industry is 17 per cent as compared to 30 percent for Japan and 25 percent for France respectively.

Q36. Explain any three factors which are responsible for the decentralisation of the cotton industry in India. [2011 (T-2)]
Ans.

1. Cater to the needs of large domestic markets.
2. Cotton growing areas have spread over many new areas – Rajasthan, Punjab.
3. Decentralized to provide the scope of incorporating traditional skills and design weaving in cotton silk, zari and embroidery etc.

Q37. Explain any three factors that affect the location of industries in a region. (2009)
Ans. Industrial locations are complex in nature. They are influenced by both physical and human factors.

 Three important factors that influence the location of industries in a region are as follows:

1. Availability of raw material: Raw materials required for the industry must be available cheaply and at close range or at well-linked places. Incase of industries using bulky raw material like iron, bauxite, etc., the ideal location is near the raw material sources.
2. Power resources: Power, energy or fuel is essential for the working of any industry. They are required for running the machines and as fuel in smelters in case of mineral-based industry. So, power resources like coal and electricity must be available in abundance in the vicinity where industry is located.
3. Market: The goods produced must have a market for their sale. The market influences the demand as well as the type of goods produced in a region. For example, cold regions like Jammu and Kashmir will have a requirement for woollen garments. So woollen textiles will be located in that region. Consumer goods industries and automobile industries are located near big towns and cities.

Q38. How do industries pollute air and water? Explain with examples. (2009)
Ans. Undoubtedly the rapid growth in industries has led to considerable economic growth but it has also led to the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise eventually resulting in degradation of environment. Air and water pollution is prominent of them all.

1. Air Pollution: Presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air is very dangerous. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects. Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
2. Water Pollution: Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents are discharged into rivers. They make the river water polluted. The main industries that are responsible for it includes paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies. Rainwater takes the pollutants deep to the ground thus contaminating the ground water also.