Principles of Scientific Management Video Lecture | Business Studies (BST) Class 12 - Commerce

now after having done fuels principles
of management now we switch over to
scientific management now what is
scientific management it is basically
knowing exactly what you want your men
to do and see to it that they do it in
the best and cheapest way this
definition has been given by FW Taylor
and he's the one who's responsible for
basic for basically formulating these
principles of scientific management now
we will talk about four principles of
scientific management the first one
being science not rule of thumb Taylor
believed that there was only one best
way of doing things efficiently right he
did not approve you know the rule of
thumb that is the trial and error method
what he what he did was that what he
stressed on was then each job should
each element of the job should be
analyzed properly read each element of
the job should be analyzed properly and
one best way of doing that work should
be found out one best way of doing the
work should be found out by analyzing
each and every element of the job right
so that becomes a standard method of
doing that particular job right now that
particular standard method is going to
be used throughout the organization for
that particular job this is going to
lead to specialization also and this is
going to result in saving time right
because we are not going to be wasting
any time in using trial and error method
so he promulgated science and not rule
of thumb secondly harmony not discord
now according to this principle harmony
not discord you know error said that
there should be absolute cooperation
between there should be absolutely
cooperation between the
of an organization and the management of
an organization right both of them
employees as well as the management they
should think that they are a part of one
organization they are born they are not
two different entities right there is a
need for a complete mental revolution
that is a complete change in thought
process of thinking on part of the
employees as well as one part of the
management right like Lee Harvey gave
the previous example also them in
formulating the policies if the
management by formulating the policies
and goals and objectives of an
organization if management involves the
employees during that process so it will
become very employees are going to be
feeling a part of the organization they
will feel more connected to the
organization and they will not be much
management will not face much of a
problem in implementation of those
policies why because those policies were
established of a framed with the consent
of the employees by involving equal in
involvement of the employees was their
right so there has to be harmony they
should not be working at cross-purposes
they should not be working at
cross-purposes both of them should think
of one another management should share
the gains of the companies with the
workers right and work on their part
should work hard for the betterment of
the organization to increase the profits
of the company next principle that is
there is cooperation and not
individualism this means that there
should be complete cooperation between
the management and the labor instead of
individualism competition should be
replaced by cooperation there shouldn't
be any kind of competition between the
management and the tapirs right they
should be there should be a complete
cooperation between the
regiment and the labors of a particular
carbonization right this is just
cooperation if not individualism this is
just an extension of the previous
principle that is harmony and not
discord right for all important
decisions taken by the management
workers should be taken into confidence
and at the same times workers should not
go on strikes and make demands which the
management will not be able to fulfill
workers should also take into worker
should also put forth their demands
keeping the organizational and stressed
in mind right because we know that at
all points of times it is for the
betterment of the organization that all
the decisions are to be taken right
there should be an open they should be
open communication between the
management and the workers the
management should be able to communicate
with the workers that right now the
organization is not in a good financial
position to be able to meet your
expectations so we you need to cooperate
with us right in the same way the Verger
should also you know feel comfortable
enough to put forth their problems in
front of the management right then these
are our grievances and these are the
reasons why we are not happy in this
organization and these are our demands
right so there has to be a two-way
communication process it's very
important last principle that is
development of each and every person to
his or her greatest efficiency now for
this development of each and every
person with greatest efficiency tailor
says that every person should be
scientifically selected now what does he
mean when you say that each and every
person should be scientifically selected
after you have scientifically analyzed
each and every element of the job and
you found out that this is the standard
procedure for doing the job keeping that
in mind you should select just the right
person who will be able to perform that
job in the best possible manner by doing
so by doing so you are going to enable
that person to vote to his greatest
see right only if you are going to give
that only if you are going to select the
right person for the right job that you
will be able to help him to reach to his
greatest efficiency right efficient
employees will be able to produce more
and earn reward and this will ensure
great test efficiency and prosperity for
both employees as well as the companies
now this was all about the principles of
management children be very careful that
many times you confuse the principles of
scientific management with the
techniques of scientific management
principles of scientific management
there are only four principles we float
that is science not rule of thumb
harmony knot is called cooperation not
individualism and development of each
and every employee to his greatest
efficiency now coming to the techniques
of scientific management the first
technique that we talk about here is
functional for mention now just I
activate over here that these principles
of scientific management they are meant
basically for the operational or
supervisory level of management unlikely
fails principles of management which
were mainly meant for the administration
right now according to a factoring
manager a form an effective woman okay
he must possess the qualities of
intelligence education tact judgment
special knowledge honesty energy and
good health now since one person it is
not necessary for it is not necessary
that one person has all these qualities
so therefore either suggested you know
to separate the work of planning from
the work of production right to separate
the work of planning from the work of
production and each workman is going to
work under eight different codes okay
each worker is going to work under eight
different
I said the job is of Planning is
separated from the job of production now
there is going to be a planning in
charge and there is going to be a
production in charge under the planning
in charge there are four different clubs
we have we have an instruction card club
who's going to prepare the instructions
which are to be given to the workmen
then we have the route clerk who is
going to be specifying the booked off
production then we have the time and
cost club who is going to prepare the
time and the cost sheet and a
disciplinarian who is going to ensure
discipline in the organization so this
was all about planning job now coming to
the execution part of it there is a
production in charge there is a speed
course who is going to ensure that the
entire work of production is being done
on time then there is a gang boss which
ensures the availability of crucial
early tools and equipment and there is a
repair boss who takes care of any kind
of repairs which are required to be done
in the machinery etc and then there is
inspector who ensures that everything is
being done as per the plan every as per
the plan and also checks on to the
quality of the products which air which
is being manufactured is as per the
standards so as I said one workman is
working under 8 different buses now you
must be thinking and it's quite true so
that this particular and this may be
asked as a question that which one
brings it which one technique of
scientific management goes against the
principle of unity of command unity of
command says that each person should
receive orders from one boss here one
workman is going to be working under
eight different bosses right so this is
this technique of scientific management
which goes against the principle of
unity of command second technique of
scientific management
to talk about is standardization and
simplification now what is the meaning
of standardization it means process of
setting standards for every business
activities we have standards for
products we have standards for raw
material we are standards for machinery
method working condition everything sub
chicken biryani X standard bonaga head
that this is the way it should be
now this is going to this is going to
result in saving of time right again
this is one of the specialization they
are going to be cost-cutting right now
basically if you want to take an example
companies like Nokia and Microsoft they
have gone for these techniques of
standardization and simplification you
have standard sizes you have standard
colors right and you have standard
manufacturing processes right after much
after the job has been scientifically
analyzed you know after the job has been
scientifically analyzed you develop a
standard procedure by which the product
is going to be manufactured that product
which has met with manufacturers must
meet the standards please published
standards of a product right now what
are the objectives of standardization to
reduce a product to fixed times sizes
and characteristics to establish
standards of excellence and good quality
right to establish standards of
performance of men and machines this was
about standardization then counter
simplification simplification basically
means removing unnecessary diversity of
product if you look at mukhya right they
are only into who else
there is no diversity of products right
if you talk about Samson
there is no simplification right they
are in Dubai as well so there
television also they are the washing
machines also right there are so many
other things that they have they are
different product lines that they have
entered into simplification means that
removing unnecessary diversity of
product rather sticking to one line of
limited line of product this leads to
saving in cost of labor machines and
tools technique down line of products ok
octopus with now come machinery or
equipment monopod a cup right this will
be true this will also result in saving
of cost of labor label if they come they
thought a technique of scientific
management that we are going to talk
about today is work study and which has
four elements method style motion study
time study in fatigue study now under
method study according to Taylor there
is only one best way one best view or
one best method of performing a task and
the main objective of method study is to
find that one best way of doing a task
so as to minimize the cost and minimize
the cost of production and maximize the
product quality and customer
satisfaction second comes with motion
study the main objective of motion study
is to eliminate all the unnecessary
movements right so that a job can be
done in less amount of time and in the
most efficient manner for this approach
observation of the employment he is
doing a job which is observed at their
house keep body movements there right
and then we find out that what are the
body movements which are unnecessary
right and which can be avoided and which
are not important which can be avoided
so that just enough times gonna write
tascam Carnaby whose go home or conker
sake right the main aim of the main aim
of mutual study is
eliminate unnecessary and unproductive
movements remember the point of
necessary and unproductive movements
thought is time story time studied yeah
that we are trying to find out what is
the standard time which is taken by an
employee to finish off a particular work
economy path ahead key let's say if we
talk about manufacturing of comments
right if Taylor takes about one hour in
making one piece of shirt he takes one
hour in making one piece of shirt so we
know that in a day if he is working
effectively for seven hours we should be
able to have seven shirts from him you
should be able to make seven shirts for
us right the main objective of time
study is to determine the number of
workers required to be employed so that
the task is achieved effectively and
efficiently again muche 700 pieces of
shors Binaca vini here if I have to make
700 pieces of shirt so if I have one
worker which is seven shirts theta right
and if I am employing n workers they are
going to give me 70 shirts per day so I
am going to be able to achieve my target
within a period of 10 days right within
a period of n days I would