Class 8 Exam  >  Class 8 Notes  >  Mathematics (Maths) Class 8  >  Profit, Loss, Discount and Value Added Tax (VAT) - Exercise 13.1

Profit, Loss, Discount and Value Added Tax (VAT) - Exercise 13.1 | Mathematics (Maths) Class 8 PDF Download

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 Page 1


 
 
 
 
 
 
EXERCISE 13.1                                                  PAGE NO: 13.11 
 
1. A student buys a pen for Rs 90 and sells it for Rs 100. Find his gain and gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of pen = Rs 90 
Selling price of pen = Rs 100 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 100 – 90 
         = Rs 10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = (10/90) × 100  
             = 100/9 
             = 11 1/9 %  
 
2. Rekha bought a saree for Rs 1240 and sold it for Rs 1147. Find her loss and loss 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of saree = Rs 1240 
Selling price of saree = Rs 1147 
By using the formula, 
Loss = cost price – selling price 
        = 1240 – 1147  
        = Rs 93 
By using the formula, 
Loss % = (loss/cost price) × 100  
             = (93/1240) × 100 
             = 7.5 % 
 
3. A boy buys 9 apples for Rs 9.60 and sells them at 11 for Rs 12. Find his gain or 
loss percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 9 apples = Rs 9.60 
Cost price of 1 apple = Rs 9.60/9 
Selling price of 11 apple = Rs 12 
Selling price of 1 apple = Rs 12/11 
By using the formula, 
Page 2


 
 
 
 
 
 
EXERCISE 13.1                                                  PAGE NO: 13.11 
 
1. A student buys a pen for Rs 90 and sells it for Rs 100. Find his gain and gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of pen = Rs 90 
Selling price of pen = Rs 100 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 100 – 90 
         = Rs 10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = (10/90) × 100  
             = 100/9 
             = 11 1/9 %  
 
2. Rekha bought a saree for Rs 1240 and sold it for Rs 1147. Find her loss and loss 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of saree = Rs 1240 
Selling price of saree = Rs 1147 
By using the formula, 
Loss = cost price – selling price 
        = 1240 – 1147  
        = Rs 93 
By using the formula, 
Loss % = (loss/cost price) × 100  
             = (93/1240) × 100 
             = 7.5 % 
 
3. A boy buys 9 apples for Rs 9.60 and sells them at 11 for Rs 12. Find his gain or 
loss percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 9 apples = Rs 9.60 
Cost price of 1 apple = Rs 9.60/9 
Selling price of 11 apple = Rs 12 
Selling price of 1 apple = Rs 12/11 
By using the formula, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 12/11 – 9.60/9 
         = (108-105.60)/99 
         = Rs 2.40/99 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = ((2.40/99)/(9.60/9)) × 100 
             = 25/11 
             = 2 3/11% 
 
4. The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling price of 9 articles. Find the 
profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 10 article = selling price of 9 article 
Let us consider CP of 1 article as Rs X 
 
Selling price of 9 article = 10X 
Selling price of 1 article = 10x/9 
 
Profit = 10x/9 – x 
          = x/9 
Profit % = Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
                              = (x/9)/x × 100 
                              = 100/9 
                              = 11 1/9% 
 
5. A retailer buys a radio for Rs 225. His overhead expenses are Rs 15. If he sells the 
radio for Rs 300, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
The cost price of a radio = Rs 225 
Overhead expenses = Rs 15 
Total cost = cost price + overhead expenses = 225+15 = Rs 240 
 
Selling price of radio = Rs.300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 300 – 240 = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
Page 3


 
 
 
 
 
 
EXERCISE 13.1                                                  PAGE NO: 13.11 
 
1. A student buys a pen for Rs 90 and sells it for Rs 100. Find his gain and gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of pen = Rs 90 
Selling price of pen = Rs 100 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 100 – 90 
         = Rs 10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = (10/90) × 100  
             = 100/9 
             = 11 1/9 %  
 
2. Rekha bought a saree for Rs 1240 and sold it for Rs 1147. Find her loss and loss 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of saree = Rs 1240 
Selling price of saree = Rs 1147 
By using the formula, 
Loss = cost price – selling price 
        = 1240 – 1147  
        = Rs 93 
By using the formula, 
Loss % = (loss/cost price) × 100  
             = (93/1240) × 100 
             = 7.5 % 
 
3. A boy buys 9 apples for Rs 9.60 and sells them at 11 for Rs 12. Find his gain or 
loss percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 9 apples = Rs 9.60 
Cost price of 1 apple = Rs 9.60/9 
Selling price of 11 apple = Rs 12 
Selling price of 1 apple = Rs 12/11 
By using the formula, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 12/11 – 9.60/9 
         = (108-105.60)/99 
         = Rs 2.40/99 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = ((2.40/99)/(9.60/9)) × 100 
             = 25/11 
             = 2 3/11% 
 
4. The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling price of 9 articles. Find the 
profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 10 article = selling price of 9 article 
Let us consider CP of 1 article as Rs X 
 
Selling price of 9 article = 10X 
Selling price of 1 article = 10x/9 
 
Profit = 10x/9 – x 
          = x/9 
Profit % = Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
                              = (x/9)/x × 100 
                              = 100/9 
                              = 11 1/9% 
 
5. A retailer buys a radio for Rs 225. His overhead expenses are Rs 15. If he sells the 
radio for Rs 300, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
The cost price of a radio = Rs 225 
Overhead expenses = Rs 15 
Total cost = cost price + overhead expenses = 225+15 = Rs 240 
 
Selling price of radio = Rs.300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 300 – 240 = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
 
 
 
 
 
 
             = 60/240 × 100 
             = 25 % 
 
6. A retailer buys a cooler for Rs 1200 and overhead expenses on it are Rs 40. If he 
sells the cooler for Rs 1550, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know the cost price of cooler = Rs 1200 
Overhead expenses = Rs 40 
Total cost = Rs 1200 + Rs 40 = Rs 1240 
Selling price of cooler = Rs 1550 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = Rs 1550 - Rs1240  
         = Rs 310 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = 310/1240 × 100 
             = 25% 
 
7. A dealer buys a wristwatch for Rs 225 and spends Rs 15 on its repairs. If he sells 
the same for Rs 300, find his profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know the cost price of wrist watch = Rs 225 
Cost of repairing = Rs 15 
Total cost = Rs 225 + Rs 15 = Rs 240 
Selling price of watch = Rs 300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = Rs 300 – Rs 240  
         = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = 60/240 × 100 
             = 25% 
 
8. Ramesh bought two boxes for Rs 1300. He sold one box at a profit of 20% and the 
other box at a loss of 12%. If the selling price of both boxes is the same, find the cost 
price of each box. 
Solution: 
Page 4


 
 
 
 
 
 
EXERCISE 13.1                                                  PAGE NO: 13.11 
 
1. A student buys a pen for Rs 90 and sells it for Rs 100. Find his gain and gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of pen = Rs 90 
Selling price of pen = Rs 100 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 100 – 90 
         = Rs 10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = (10/90) × 100  
             = 100/9 
             = 11 1/9 %  
 
2. Rekha bought a saree for Rs 1240 and sold it for Rs 1147. Find her loss and loss 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of saree = Rs 1240 
Selling price of saree = Rs 1147 
By using the formula, 
Loss = cost price – selling price 
        = 1240 – 1147  
        = Rs 93 
By using the formula, 
Loss % = (loss/cost price) × 100  
             = (93/1240) × 100 
             = 7.5 % 
 
3. A boy buys 9 apples for Rs 9.60 and sells them at 11 for Rs 12. Find his gain or 
loss percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 9 apples = Rs 9.60 
Cost price of 1 apple = Rs 9.60/9 
Selling price of 11 apple = Rs 12 
Selling price of 1 apple = Rs 12/11 
By using the formula, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 12/11 – 9.60/9 
         = (108-105.60)/99 
         = Rs 2.40/99 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = ((2.40/99)/(9.60/9)) × 100 
             = 25/11 
             = 2 3/11% 
 
4. The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling price of 9 articles. Find the 
profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 10 article = selling price of 9 article 
Let us consider CP of 1 article as Rs X 
 
Selling price of 9 article = 10X 
Selling price of 1 article = 10x/9 
 
Profit = 10x/9 – x 
          = x/9 
Profit % = Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
                              = (x/9)/x × 100 
                              = 100/9 
                              = 11 1/9% 
 
5. A retailer buys a radio for Rs 225. His overhead expenses are Rs 15. If he sells the 
radio for Rs 300, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
The cost price of a radio = Rs 225 
Overhead expenses = Rs 15 
Total cost = cost price + overhead expenses = 225+15 = Rs 240 
 
Selling price of radio = Rs.300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 300 – 240 = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
 
 
 
 
 
 
             = 60/240 × 100 
             = 25 % 
 
6. A retailer buys a cooler for Rs 1200 and overhead expenses on it are Rs 40. If he 
sells the cooler for Rs 1550, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know the cost price of cooler = Rs 1200 
Overhead expenses = Rs 40 
Total cost = Rs 1200 + Rs 40 = Rs 1240 
Selling price of cooler = Rs 1550 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = Rs 1550 - Rs1240  
         = Rs 310 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = 310/1240 × 100 
             = 25% 
 
7. A dealer buys a wristwatch for Rs 225 and spends Rs 15 on its repairs. If he sells 
the same for Rs 300, find his profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know the cost price of wrist watch = Rs 225 
Cost of repairing = Rs 15 
Total cost = Rs 225 + Rs 15 = Rs 240 
Selling price of watch = Rs 300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = Rs 300 – Rs 240  
         = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = 60/240 × 100 
             = 25% 
 
8. Ramesh bought two boxes for Rs 1300. He sold one box at a profit of 20% and the 
other box at a loss of 12%. If the selling price of both boxes is the same, find the cost 
price of each box. 
Solution: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We know the cost price of two boxes = Rs 1300 
So let us consider cost price of one box be Rs x 
Cost price of other box = Rs 1300 – x 
 
Selling price of first box = x + x × 20/100 
                                        = x + x/5 
                                        = Rs 6x/5 
 
Selling price of second box = (1300 - x) – (1300 - x) × 12/100 
                                             = Rs (28600 – 22x)/25 
By equating SP of first and second box we get, 
6x/5 = (28600 – 22x)/25 
150x = 28600 × 5 – 110x 
150x + 110x = 28600 × 5 
260x = 28600 × 5 
x = (28600 × 5)/260 
   = 550  
? Cost price of first box = Rs. 550 
Cost price of second box = Rs1300 – Rs550 = Rs 750 
 
9. If the selling price of 10 pens is equal to cost price of 14 pens, find the gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
Given that, Selling price of 10 pens = cost price of 14 pens 
So, let the cost price of 1 pen be Rs x 
Selling price of 10 pens = Rs 14x 
Selling price of 1 pen =Rs 14x/10 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 14x/10 – x  
         = 4x/10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
            = (4x/10)/x × 100 
            = 2/5 × 100 
            = 40% 
 
10. If the selling price of 18 chairs be equal to selling price of 16 chairs, find the gain 
or loss percent. 
Page 5


 
 
 
 
 
 
EXERCISE 13.1                                                  PAGE NO: 13.11 
 
1. A student buys a pen for Rs 90 and sells it for Rs 100. Find his gain and gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of pen = Rs 90 
Selling price of pen = Rs 100 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 100 – 90 
         = Rs 10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = (10/90) × 100  
             = 100/9 
             = 11 1/9 %  
 
2. Rekha bought a saree for Rs 1240 and sold it for Rs 1147. Find her loss and loss 
percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of saree = Rs 1240 
Selling price of saree = Rs 1147 
By using the formula, 
Loss = cost price – selling price 
        = 1240 – 1147  
        = Rs 93 
By using the formula, 
Loss % = (loss/cost price) × 100  
             = (93/1240) × 100 
             = 7.5 % 
 
3. A boy buys 9 apples for Rs 9.60 and sells them at 11 for Rs 12. Find his gain or 
loss percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 9 apples = Rs 9.60 
Cost price of 1 apple = Rs 9.60/9 
Selling price of 11 apple = Rs 12 
Selling price of 1 apple = Rs 12/11 
By using the formula, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 12/11 – 9.60/9 
         = (108-105.60)/99 
         = Rs 2.40/99 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = ((2.40/99)/(9.60/9)) × 100 
             = 25/11 
             = 2 3/11% 
 
4. The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling price of 9 articles. Find the 
profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know that the cost price of 10 article = selling price of 9 article 
Let us consider CP of 1 article as Rs X 
 
Selling price of 9 article = 10X 
Selling price of 1 article = 10x/9 
 
Profit = 10x/9 – x 
          = x/9 
Profit % = Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
                              = (x/9)/x × 100 
                              = 100/9 
                              = 11 1/9% 
 
5. A retailer buys a radio for Rs 225. His overhead expenses are Rs 15. If he sells the 
radio for Rs 300, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
The cost price of a radio = Rs 225 
Overhead expenses = Rs 15 
Total cost = cost price + overhead expenses = 225+15 = Rs 240 
 
Selling price of radio = Rs.300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 300 – 240 = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
 
 
 
 
 
 
             = 60/240 × 100 
             = 25 % 
 
6. A retailer buys a cooler for Rs 1200 and overhead expenses on it are Rs 40. If he 
sells the cooler for Rs 1550, determine his profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know the cost price of cooler = Rs 1200 
Overhead expenses = Rs 40 
Total cost = Rs 1200 + Rs 40 = Rs 1240 
Selling price of cooler = Rs 1550 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = Rs 1550 - Rs1240  
         = Rs 310 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = 310/1240 × 100 
             = 25% 
 
7. A dealer buys a wristwatch for Rs 225 and spends Rs 15 on its repairs. If he sells 
the same for Rs 300, find his profit percent. 
Solution: 
We know the cost price of wrist watch = Rs 225 
Cost of repairing = Rs 15 
Total cost = Rs 225 + Rs 15 = Rs 240 
Selling price of watch = Rs 300 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = Rs 300 – Rs 240  
         = Rs 60 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = 60/240 × 100 
             = 25% 
 
8. Ramesh bought two boxes for Rs 1300. He sold one box at a profit of 20% and the 
other box at a loss of 12%. If the selling price of both boxes is the same, find the cost 
price of each box. 
Solution: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We know the cost price of two boxes = Rs 1300 
So let us consider cost price of one box be Rs x 
Cost price of other box = Rs 1300 – x 
 
Selling price of first box = x + x × 20/100 
                                        = x + x/5 
                                        = Rs 6x/5 
 
Selling price of second box = (1300 - x) – (1300 - x) × 12/100 
                                             = Rs (28600 – 22x)/25 
By equating SP of first and second box we get, 
6x/5 = (28600 – 22x)/25 
150x = 28600 × 5 – 110x 
150x + 110x = 28600 × 5 
260x = 28600 × 5 
x = (28600 × 5)/260 
   = 550  
? Cost price of first box = Rs. 550 
Cost price of second box = Rs1300 – Rs550 = Rs 750 
 
9. If the selling price of 10 pens is equal to cost price of 14 pens, find the gain 
percent. 
Solution: 
Given that, Selling price of 10 pens = cost price of 14 pens 
So, let the cost price of 1 pen be Rs x 
Selling price of 10 pens = Rs 14x 
Selling price of 1 pen =Rs 14x/10 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 14x/10 – x  
         = 4x/10 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
            = (4x/10)/x × 100 
            = 2/5 × 100 
            = 40% 
 
10. If the selling price of 18 chairs be equal to selling price of 16 chairs, find the gain 
or loss percent. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Solution: 
Given that, Cost price of 18 chairs = selling price of 16 chairs 
So, let the cost price of 1 chair be Rs x 
Selling price of 16 chairs =Rs 18x 
Selling price of 1 chair = Rs 18x/16 
By using the formula, 
Gain = selling price – cost price 
         = 18x/16 – x 
         = 2x/16 
         = Rs x/8 
By using the formula, 
Gain % = (gain/cost price) × 100  
             = (x/8)/x × 100 
             = 25/2 
             = 12 ½ % 
 
11. If the selling price of 18 oranges is equal to the cost price of 16 oranges, find the 
loss percent. 
Solution: 
Given that, Selling price of 18 oranges = cost price of 16 oranges 
So, let the cost price of 1 orange be Rs x 
Selling price of 18 oranges = Rs 16x 
Selling price of 1 orange = Rs 16x/18 
By using the formula, 
Loss = cost price – selling price 
        = x – 16x/18 
        = 2x/18 
        = Rs x/9 
By using the formula, 
Loss % = (loss/cost price) × 100  
            = (x/9)/x × 100 
            = 100/9 
            = 11 1/9 % 
 
12. Ravish sold his motorcycle to Vineet at a loss of 28%. Vineet spent Rs 1680 on its 
repairs and sold the motor cycle to Rahul for Rs 35910, thereby making a profit of 
12.5%, find the cost price of the motor cycle for Ravish. 
Solution: 
Let us consider the cost price of motorcycle for Ravish be Rs x 
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