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Protein Synthesis | Biology for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11Protein synthesisProtein synthesis

  • Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes under the control of DNA, where the sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the DNA molecule.
  • DNA, being too large to exit the nucleus, undergoes transcription to produce messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to the ribosomes.
  • After mRNA is transcribed, it exits the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome for further processing.
  • Ribosomes interpret the mRNA code in sets of three bases, each triplet coding for a specific amino acid.
  • Through translation, the ribosome converts the base sequence into a sequence of amino acids, forming the protein chain.
  • Once the chain is complete, it is released from the ribosome to undergo folding and attain its final protein structure.

Protein Synthesis | Biology for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

Question for Protein Synthesis
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Which molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes during protein synthesis?
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FAQs on Protein Synthesis - Biology for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

1. What is protein synthesis?
Ans. Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins. It involves translating the genetic information found in DNA into a functional protein.
2. What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?
Ans. The two main steps of protein synthesis are transcription, where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA is used as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein.
3. How does protein synthesis occur in a cell?
Ans. Protein synthesis occurs in the cell's ribosomes, where mRNA is read and amino acids are brought in by tRNA molecules to build a protein according to the genetic code.
4. What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Ans. Ribosomes are the cellular machinery where protein synthesis takes place. They provide the platform for mRNA and tRNA to interact and facilitate the assembly of amino acids into a protein.
5. How can mutations affect protein synthesis?
Ans. Mutations in the DNA sequence can alter the mRNA produced during transcription, leading to changes in the amino acid sequence during translation. This can result in the production of a non-functional or altered protein.
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