Respiration and moving | Year 8 Biology (Cambridge) PDF Download

Respiration and Moving

Respiration

• Definition: The process where the body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
• Examples: Breathing in and out, exchanging gases in the lungs.

Moving

• Muscles: Tissues that help in movement by contracting and relaxing.
• Examples: Walking, running, jumping involve muscles working together.

Blood

• Function: Carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
• Components: Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
• Example: Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.

Human Respiratory System

• Organs: Lungs, trachea, bronchi.
• Function: Allows for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
• Example: Breathing deeply to get more oxygen into the body.

Skeleton, Joints, and Muscles

Skeleton

• Structure: Bones that support and protect the body.
• Examples: Skull protects the brain, spine supports the body.

Joints

• Definition: Where two bones meet and allow movement.
• Types: Hinge joints (like elbows), ball and socket joints (like hips).
• Example: Moving your arms and legs involves joints working together.

Muscles

• Types: Skeletal muscles (attached to bones), smooth muscles (in organs), cardiac muscles (in the heart).
• Function: Allow voluntary and involuntary movements.
• Example: Biceps contract to bend the arm, while the heart muscle beats continuously.