MASS MOVEMENTS
Slow mass Movements
Rapid Movements
the Himalayas are tectonically active. They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. The slopes are very steep. Compared to the Himalayas, the Nilgiris bordering Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Kerala and the Western Ghats along the west coast are relatively tectonically stable and are are mostly made up of very hard rocks;
but still, debris avalanches and landslides occur though not as frequently as in the Himalayas, in these hills. Why? Many slopes are steeper with almost vertical cliffs and escarpments in the Western Ghats and Nilgiris. Mechanical weathering due to temperature changes and ranges is pronounced. They receive heavy amounts of rainfall over short periods.( 2013 mains question)
The erosion
Deposition
SOIL FORMATION
Soil and Soil Contents
Process of Soil Formation
Soil-forming Factors
Five basic factors control the formation of soils:
(i) parent material;
(ii) topography;
(iii) climate;
(iv) biological activity;
(v) time. In fact soil forming factors act in union and affect the action of one another.
Parent Material
Topography
Climate
The climatic elements involved in soil development are :
Biological Activity-
Time
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