Revision Notes, Physical activity and Leadership Training, Physical Education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum PDF Download

Physical activity and Leadership Training

6.1 Introduction to physical activity and leadership
6.2 Qualities and role of a leader
Fig: Physical activity6.3 Behaviour change stages for Physical activity (Pre-contemplation, contemplation, planning, active maintenance)
6.4 Creating leaders through Physical Education
6.5 Meaning, objectives and types of adventure sports
(Rock climbing, trekking, River rafting, Mountaineering surfing, and Para-gliding)
6.6 Safety measures during physical activity and adventure sports

Introduction to Physical Activity and Leadership Training

6.1 Physical Activity: Physical activity simply means movement of the body that uses energy.
 The four main types of physical activity are—
 1. Aerobic
 2. Muscle – strengthening
 3. Bone-strengthening
 4. Stretching

Leadership - Leadership can be described as the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of an organization or a group of which they are members.Fig: LeadershipLeader - A person who can bring about change, therefore, is one who has the ability to be a leader.

Fig: Qualities of  Leader

Or
 A person or thing that holds a dominant or superior position within its field, and is able to exercise a high degree of control or influence over others.

6.2  Qualities of a Leader

1. Awareness — As the leader of a team awareness is a key. A leader showed be aware
of different scenarios.
 2. Passionate – The leader should be passionate enough to motivate other players.
 3. Energetic
 4. Friendliness and affection
 5. Decisiveness
 6. Technically skills
 7. Intelligent
 8. Teaching skill
 9. Creative
 10. Interest in Research

Leadership: Leadership is the quality of a person to lead others in a family, society, tribe, group, or country.

LEADERSHIP TRAITS
 L — Loyalty
 E — Empathy
 A — Accountability
 D — Duty & Determination
 E — Energy & Encouragement
 R — Respect
 S — Selflessness
 H — Honorable and humble
 I — Integrity & Innovation
 P — Passion for and pride in work
 Be a Leader!

Role of a leader in Sp B

1. Organiser—A good leader in sports is a good organizer in organizing different sports events.

2. Motivator—A leader in sports understands his students and their mental needs. So, he plays the role of a good motivator.

3. Guardian—A good leader plays the role of guardian. A good leader understands the personal problem of an athlete and provides a solution for the problems.

4. Teacher—A good leader in sports performs the role of a teacher by helping participants in developing teaching techniques, educate them and improve their range of styles.

5. Psychologist—A good leader plays the role of a psychologist. He knows the mental skills and toughness of their players.

6. Role model—As a leader, you should be able to set a role model

6.3 Behauiour Change Techniques/stages for Physical Activity

Fig: Five stages of behaviour change

The five Stages of Change

Cycle of Change

Fig: Cycle of change

6.4  Creating leaders through physical education we can make leaders through physical education by adopting the following approach—

1.   Give various responsibilities of an event

2.   provide leadership training

3.   Provide regular opportunity to improve

4.   Recognize their achievement by facilitating them at different forums.

Have faith and confidence in your students if they are a defaulter.

6.5 (a) Adventure Sports

Meaning: Adventure sports are such type of sports, which involve extraordinary speed, height, physical exertion, and surprising stunts.

6.5 (b) Objectives of Adventure Sports

Aim: the main aim of adventure sports is to provide a carefully planned stimulating environment which will help each individual and an excellent foundation for creative learning and independence.

Objectives:

— Thrill, excitement, and fun.

— Exposure to nature.

— Self-assessment.

— Overcome fear and develop self-confidence

— Enhancement of decision making power.

— Channelizing energy.

— Stress Buster.

— Information and knowledge enhancement.

— Development of positive attitude toward life.

— Build concentration.

— Encouragement of social relationship and teamwork.

— Develop motor and cognitive skills, creative learning.

— Inculcate values amongst children.

 Fig: Adventure sports

Types of Activities

Camping: Camping means going away temporarily to a place having temporary accommodation. It is like going away from home to a new home (camp) with limited facilities. There are various types of camping such as scout camp. N.C.C. camp N.S.S. camp. Sports camp. adventure camp and social camp etc.

Rock Climbing

Rock climbing is a sport in which participants climb up, down or across a natural rock or artificial rock walls. In rock climbing, the objective or goal of a climber is to reach the end point or summit of a pre-decided route without falling. There are different types of climbing such as Aid climbing, free climbing, trade or traditional climbing “Sports climbing top rope climbing free soloing and bouldering

Trekking:

Trekking means going on a long and difficult journey, especially on foot. Its course often includes journey over mountainous regions and woods. 

Types of trekking

a) Easy trekking:- The individuals especially the beginners are offered easy breaks.

b) Moderates trekking:- Moderates treats are slightly difficult and challenging than easy breaks.

c) Strenuous trekking:- Strenuous trekking a lot of physical effort energy and determination.

d) Difficult trekking:- Such type of trekking is suitable only for real adventure seekers.
River Rafting:

River rafting is another adventure sport. It is a river journey undertaken on a raft or boat made of inflatable material. The difficulty of river rafting is from grade I to VI

Fig: River RaftingMountaineering:- Mountaineering is another type of adventurous sports prevailing all over the world. It is one of the finest outdoor opportunities available to the lovers of high places. Mountaineering is an adventurous sport that combines climbing and hiking up mountains or mountain terrains.

Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore. However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat waves and the waves created in artificial wave pools

Fig: SurfingParagliding

A sport resembling hang gliding, in which a person jumps from an aircraft or high place wearing a wide, rectangular, steerable parachute.

Or

Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders; lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure.

The pilot sits in a harness suspended below a fabric wing comprising a large number of interconnected baffled cells.

6.6 (a) Safety Measures During Adventure Sports 
Camping

Safety Measure: Camping sight, must be plain and clean, never approach wild, animals always be alert and aware of your surroundings, look out for snakes, spiders and other creatures, protect your eye, maintain discipline, careful around water, pay attention to weather condition etc.

ROCK CLIMBINGFig: Rock climbingSafety Measures

1. Choose an appropriate venue.

2. Find an experienced mentor.

3. Always check the harness and all the equipment.

4. Check your knot.

5. Do not cross your legs etc.

TREKKING Safety 

Measures

Safety Measures: An experienced group leader required to ensure your trekking route, use anklet boots, always track in a group, keep sufficient food, know about flora and fauna of your route etc.

MOUNTAINEERING

Safety Measures

Safety Measure: Mountaineering must be followed by an experienced guide, all safety measures of camping, climbing, and trekking must be followed, be cautious of avalanche etc.

River Rafting

Safety Measure: Don’t go for river rafting alone. Swimming ability is required. Wear life vest and helmet. Check equipment for defects. Raft only in daytime.

Surfing

Safety Measures: Read and obey the signs. Don’t swim directly after a meal. Don’t swim under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Always swim under supervision or with a friend. Always swim or surf at places patrolled by surf lifesavers or lifeguard.

ParaglidingFig: ParaglidingSafety Measures: Paragliding safety includes four items:

1. Preparation—(a) Gather information about the weather force cast, the actual wind conditions, the site etc.

(b) Maintain your equipment with regular inspection and monitoring.

2. A Good Launch

A good launch requires keeping the legs down until well clear of the hill.

3. Reaching the landing zone with sufficient altitude for an approach. During the flight, the number one goal should be to make sure and reach the Landing Zone (LZ) with enough altitude to assess wind conditions and plan a safe approach.

4. A good Landing — Landing in the LZ into or mostly wind is the priority.

6.6 (b) Safety Measures during Physical Activities

Almost anybody can safely take up walking and light to moderate exercise is usually fine for healthy adults with no troublesome symptoms. It is wise to talk to a doctor if you have any questions about your health or plan to start more vigorous workouts, especially if you haven’t been active recently.

6.7  Tips for Avoiding Injuries during Physical Activities

1. Take 5 to 10 minutes to warm up and cool down properly.

2. Plan to start slowly and boost your activity level gradually.

3. Listen to your body. Hold off on exercise when you are sick or feeling very fatigued.

4. Drink plenty of water during physical activity.

5. Choose clothes and shoes designed for your type of exercise. Replace shoes every six months as cushioning wears out.

6. Exercising vigorously in hot, humid conditions can lead to serious over health and dehydration. Slow your pace when you feel exhausted.

7. Dress properly for cold - weather workouts to avoid hypothermia.