Class 5 Exam  >  Class 5 Notes  >  Mathematics for Class 5  >  Chapter Notes: Roman Numerals

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

In Roman Numerals, we will be learning about a number system that uses letters to represent mathematical values. 
They are on movie titles, video games, and even on clocks.

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

We will discuss the basic letters and rules for combining them to form different numbers. Let’s jump in and start learning!

What are Roman Numerals?

  • Romans developed a different system of numeration about 2000 years ago, known as Roman numerals.
  • Roman numerals are a system of numbers that use letters to represent values.
  • There are seven basic roman numerals i.e I ,V, X, L, C, D, M. 
  • We can write any Hindu-Arabic numeral using these seven letters(Except zero).
  • Below are the Roman numerals and their corresponding Hindu-Arabic numerals.

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

Did You Know
In the Roman numeral , system there is no symbol for zero.

Question for Chapter Notes: Roman Numerals
Try yourself:
Which of the following is not a basic Roman numeral?
View Solution

Rules to Write Roman Numerals

Rule 1: Repetition Rule

  • When a letter is used more than once, we add its value each time to get the number.

Did You Know:
1. The same roman numeral cannot be repeated more than 3 times together.
Example: We represent 3 as III in Roman numerals but we cannot represent 4 as IIII; it is written as IV.
2. The symbols V, L and D are never repeated.

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

Example 1: Convert 300 into Roman Numerals.

Sol: 300 = 100 + 100 + 100
= C + C + C 
=CCC

Example 2: Convert II , XXX, CCC in Hindu Arabic Numerals.

Sol:  II = 1+1 = 2
XXX = 10+10+10 = 30
CCC = 100 + 100+ 100 = 300

Rule 2: Addition Rule

  • When a smaller number comes after a larger one, you add both of the numbers.

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

Example 1: Convert 60 into Roman numbers

Sol: 60 = 50+10
= L + X 
= LX

Example 2: Convert VI into Hindu- Arabic Numerals.

Sol: We know that,
V = 5 and I = 1.
This implies a smaller number (I) comes after a larger one (V), therefore we will add them
VI = 5+1 = 6

Rule 3: Subtraction Rule

  • When a smaller number comes before a larger one, you subtract.

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

Example 1: Convert 400 into Roman Numeral

Sol: 400 = 500 - 100
500 = D
100 = C
400 = CD ( When a smaller number comes before a larger one, you subtract.)

Example 2: Convert IV into Hindu- Arabic Numerals

Sol: We know that,
V = 5 and I = 1.
This implies a larger number (V) comes after a smaller one (I), therefore we will subtract them.
IV = 5-1 = 4

Rule 4: Bar Rule

  • 1000 can be represented by a line on the letter, which is called a bar.

Example:

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

Conversion

We will follow the following steps to convert from Roman Numerals to Arabic Numerals or vice versa.

Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

In the following example we will first understand how to convert Hindu Arabic to Roman Numeral.
Suppose , we have to convert 72 into Roman Numerals.

  • Step 1: Break down 72 into largest possible tens and ones according to roman numerals:
    72 = 50 + 20 + 2 
  • Step 2: Convert each part to Roman numerals:
    50 = L
    20 = XX
    2 = II
  • Step 3: Combine the parts:
    72 = LXXII

Now we will understand how we can convert Roman Numeral to Hindu Arabic Numeral.
Suppose, We have to convert XII into a number.

  • Step 1: Write values of the given Roman Numerals
    X = 10
    II = 2
  • Step 2: Add the Values
    10 + 2 = 12
  • Answer: XII = 12

Examples

Example 1: Convert 45 to Roman Numerals

Sol: Step 1: Break down the number into largest tens and ones according to roman numerals that fits into that number:
45 can be broken down into: 
45 = 40+5
Step 2: Write Each Part as Roman Numerals
40 = XL(Subtraction Rule used, 40 = 50-10)
5= V
Step 3: Combine the Roman Numerals
After combining, we get : XL+V = XLV

Example 2: Convert 789 to Roman Numerals

Sol: Step 1: Break Down the Number
789 can be broken down into:
789 = 700+ 80 +9
Step 2: Write Each Part as Roman Numerals
700 = DCC (Addition rule used, 700 = 500+200)
80 = LXXX (Addition rule used,80=50+30)
9 = IX (Subtraction Rule used,9=10-1)
Step 3: Combine the Roman Numerals
After combining, we get: DCC + LXXX + IX = DCCLXXXIX

Example 3: Convert XLII to Hindu-Arabic Numerals

Sol: Step 1: Break Down the Roman Numerals
XL = 40 (This uses the subtraction rule: X before L means 50 - 10 = 40)
II = 2
Step 2: Add the Values
40 + 2 = 42
Answer: XLII = 42

Example 4: Convert CDXLIV to Hindu-Arabic Numerals

Sol: Step 1: Break Down the Roman Numerals
CD = 400 (C before D means 500 - 100 = 400)

XL = 40 (X before L means 50 - 10 = 40)

IV = 4 (I before V means 5 - 1 = 4)
Step 2: Add the Values
400 + 40 + 4 = 444
Answer: CDXLIV = 444

Question for Chapter Notes: Roman Numerals
Try yourself: 

Choose the Roman representation for 18

View Solution

The document Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths is a part of the Class 5 Course Mathematics for Class 5.
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FAQs on Roman Numerals Class 5 Notes Maths

1. What are Roman Numerals?
Ans.Roman Numerals are a numeral system originating from ancient Rome, using combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) to represent values.
2. What are the basic rules to write Roman Numerals?
Ans.The basic rules to write Roman Numerals include: 1. Symbols are combined to form numbers. 2. Smaller numbers placed before larger numbers indicate subtraction (e.g., IV = 4). 3. Smaller numbers placed after larger numbers indicate addition (e.g., VI = 6). 4. The same symbol cannot be repeated more than three times (e.g., III = 3, but not IIII).
3. How do you convert numbers to Roman Numerals?
Ans.To convert numbers to Roman Numerals, break down the number into its decimal parts (thousands, hundreds, tens, and units) and represent each part using the appropriate Roman Numeral symbols. For example, the number 1987 is broken down into 1000 (M), 900 (CM), 80 (LXXX), and 7 (VII), resulting in MCMLXXXVII.
4. Can you give examples of Roman Numerals for common numbers?
Ans.Yes! Here are some examples: - 1 = I - 5 = V - 10 = X - 50 = L - 100 = C - 500 = D - 1000 = M
5. Where are Roman Numerals commonly used today?
Ans.Roman Numerals are commonly used today in various contexts, such as in clock faces, book chapters, movie sequels, and historical events. They add a classic touch to formal documents and are often used to denote monarchs and popes.
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