SSC CGL Previous Year Questions (2023-20): Biology - 1 | SSC CGL General Awareness Previous Year Papers (Topic-wise) PDF Download

 Page 1


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Biology 
 Scientific Name 
 Q.1.  What  is  the  scienti?c  name  of  the 
 banyan  tree,  a  large  evergreen  tree  of 
 Asia  characterised  by  its  trunk-like  aerial 
 roots? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ficus benghalensis 
 (b) Gossypium herbaceum 
 (c) Santalum album 
 (d) Ananas comosus 
 Sol.1.(a)  Ficus  benghalensis  :  Family  - 
 Moraceae,  Order  -  Rosales,  Kingdom  - 
 Plantae.  Gossypium  herbaceum  :  Levant 
 cotton,  Family  -  Malvaceae,  Order  - 
 Malvales.  Santalum  album  :  Indian 
 Sandalwood,  Family:  Santalaceae,  Order  - 
 Santalales.  Ananas  comosus  :  Pineapple, 
 Family - Bromeliaceae, Order - Poales. 
 Q.2.  Match the columns. 
 Column-A 
 (Class) 
 Column-B 
 (Common name) 
 i.Chlorophyceae  a. Brown algae 
 ii. Phaeophyceae  b. Green algae 
 iii. Rhodophyceae  c. Blue-green algae 
 iv. Cyanophyceae  d. Red algae 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d   (b) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 
 (c) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a   (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.2.(b)  i-b,  ii-a,  iii-d,  iv-c.  Divisions  of 
 Algae  and  their  Main  Characteristics  : 
 Chlorophyceae  (Green  algae)  :  Major 
 pigments  -  Chlorophyll,  Stored  Food  - 
 Starch,  Example  -  Spirogyra. 
 Phaeophyceae  (Brown  algae)  :  Pigment  - 
 fucoxanthin,  Stored  food  -  Mannitol, 
 Laminarin,  Example  -  Sargassum, 
 Laminaria.  Rhodophyceae  (Red  algae)  : 
 Pigment  -  Phycoerythrin,  Stored  Food  - 
 Floridean  starch,  Example  -  Gracilaria 
 and Gelidium. 
 Q.3.  Which  of  the  following  is  another 
 name  for  starch  found  mainly  in  the  pulp 
 of  seeds,  fruits,  tubers,  roots  and  stems 
 of  plants,  especially  in  corn,  potatoes, 
 wheat and rice? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Amylum  (b) Xanthan 
 (c) Olestra  (d) Saponin 
 Sol.3.(a)  Amylum  -  A  polymeric 
 carbohydrate  consisting  of  numerous 
 glucose  units  joined  by  glycosidic  bonds. 
 Olestra  (Olean)  -  Fat  substitute  that 
 doesn't  add  any  calories  to  products. 
 Saponins  -  They  are  naturally  occurring 
 compounds  that  are  widely  distributed  in 
 all  cells  of  legume  plants.  Xanthan 
 (polysaccharide)  produced  from  simple 
 sugars  using  a  fermentation  process. 
 Uses  -  common  food  additive,  thickening 
 agent,  emulsi?er,  and  stabiliser  that 
 prevents ingredients from separating. 
 Q.4.  What  is  the  common  term  for 
 Ancylostoma? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Tapeworm  (b) Roundworm 
 (c) Filaria worm  (d) Hookworm 
 Sol.4.(d)  Hookworm.  Ancylostoma  is  a 
 genus  of  parasitic  nematodes 
 (roundworms)  that  primarily  infect 
 mammals.  These  worms  are  intestinal 
 parasites  and  are  transmitted  to  humans 
 through  contact  with  contaminated  soil 
 or  sand  where  the  larvae  are  present. 
 Tapeworm  :  genus  -  Taenia,  Examples  - 
 Taenia  solium  (pork  tapeworm)  and 
 Taenia  saginata  (beef  tapeworm).  Filaria 
 worms belong to the family Filarioidea. 
 Q.5.  Solanum  lycopersicum  L.  is  the 
 scienti?c  name  of  which  of  the  following 
 highly consumed vegetables? 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Potato (b) Tomato (c) Onion (d) Garlic 
 Sol.5.(b)  Tomato.  Potato  -  Solanum 
 tuberosum,  Onion  -  Allium  cepa,  and 
 Garlic - Allium sativum. 
 Q.6.  What  is  the  common  name  of 
 Parthenium hysterophorus? 
 SSC CHSL 01/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Lemon grass  (b) Lawn grass 
 (c) Horse grass  (d) Carrot grass 
 Sol.6.(d)  Carrot  Grass.  Lemon  grass  - 
 Cymbopogon,  Lawn Grass - Poaceae, 
 Horsetails - Equisetum. 
 Q.7.  Oleo  gum  resin  (Asafoetida)  can  be 
 obtained from: 
 SSC CHSL 06/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) dried latex from the stem of ferula 
 (b) dried latex from the roots of mango 
 tree 
 (c) dried latex from the banana leaves 
 (d) dried latex from the tap root of ferula 
 Sol.7.(d)  Oleo-gum-resin  (Asafoetida) 
 can  be  obtained  from  the  exudates  of  the 
 roots  of  the  Iranian  endemic  medicinal 
 plant,  Ferula  asafoetida.  It  has  cytotoxic, 
 antiulcer,  anti-neoplasm,  anti-cancer,  and 
 anti-oxidative effects. 
 Q.8.  The  scienti?c  name  for  the  domestic 
 ______ is Canis lupus familiaris. 
 SSC CGL 20/04/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) buffalo    (b) cat    (c) dog    (d) cow 
 Sol.8.(c)  Dog.  Bubalus  bubalis  -  Buffalo, 
 Felis catus - Cat, Bos taurus - Cow. 
 Q.9.  What  is  the  botanical  name  of 
 mango? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Mangifera indica       (b) Cocos nucifera 
 (c) Monoon longifolium (d) Casuarina 
 Sol.9.(a)  Mangifera  indica  .  Botanical 
 Names  :  Cocos  nucifera  (Coconut), 
 Monoon  longifolium  (False  Ashoka), 
 Saraca  asoca  (Ashoka  tree),  Casuarina 
 (Australian pine). 
 Nutrition in Animals 
 Q.10.  Select  the  INCORRECT  statement 
 with regards to vitamins. 
 SSC CHSL Tier II  02/11/2023 
 (a) Plants can synthesise almost all 
 vitamins. 
 (b) Vitamins are organic compounds. 
 (c) Some bacteria in the gut do not 
 produce vitamins. 
 (d) Most of the vitamins cannot get 
 synthesised in su?cient amounts in 
 our body. 
 Sol.10.(c)  Gut  bacteria  helps  in  supplying 
 essential  nutrients,  synthesising  vitamin 
 K,  aiding  in  the  digestion  of  cellulose. 
 Vitamins  A,  D,  E  and  K  are  fat-soluble  and 
 vitamins  C  and  B  (complex  group 
 vitamins) are water- soluble. 
 Q.11.  Which  essential  micronutrient 
 plays  a  clear  role  in  the  synthesis, 
 storage  and  secretion  of  insulin  in  the 
 hexameric  form  as  well  as  in  the 
 conformational integrity of insulin? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Zinc                    (b) Fluoride 
 (c) Selenium           (d) Phosphorus 
 Sol.11.(a)  Zinc.  Micronutrients  are 
 vitamins  and  minerals  needed  by  the 
 body  in  very  small  amounts.  Role  of 
 some  micronutrients  in  our  body  : 
 Fluoride  inhibits  the  initiation  and 
 progression  of  dental  caries  (tooth 
 decay)  and  stimulates  new  bone 
 formation.  Selenium  (Se)  plays  a  critical 
 role  in  reproduction,  thyroid  hormone 
 metabolism,  DNA  synthesis,  and 
 protection  from  oxidative  damage  and 
 infection  .  Phosphorus  is  a  component  of 
 bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  was  the  ?rst 
 B  vitamin  discovered  in  1897  that  is 
 essential  in  amino  acid  and  carbohydrate 
 metabolism  and  is  active  in  energy 
 production reactions? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Thiamine            (b) Folate 
 (c) Ribo?avin           (d) Biotin 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 473
Page 2


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Biology 
 Scientific Name 
 Q.1.  What  is  the  scienti?c  name  of  the 
 banyan  tree,  a  large  evergreen  tree  of 
 Asia  characterised  by  its  trunk-like  aerial 
 roots? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ficus benghalensis 
 (b) Gossypium herbaceum 
 (c) Santalum album 
 (d) Ananas comosus 
 Sol.1.(a)  Ficus  benghalensis  :  Family  - 
 Moraceae,  Order  -  Rosales,  Kingdom  - 
 Plantae.  Gossypium  herbaceum  :  Levant 
 cotton,  Family  -  Malvaceae,  Order  - 
 Malvales.  Santalum  album  :  Indian 
 Sandalwood,  Family:  Santalaceae,  Order  - 
 Santalales.  Ananas  comosus  :  Pineapple, 
 Family - Bromeliaceae, Order - Poales. 
 Q.2.  Match the columns. 
 Column-A 
 (Class) 
 Column-B 
 (Common name) 
 i.Chlorophyceae  a. Brown algae 
 ii. Phaeophyceae  b. Green algae 
 iii. Rhodophyceae  c. Blue-green algae 
 iv. Cyanophyceae  d. Red algae 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d   (b) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 
 (c) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a   (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.2.(b)  i-b,  ii-a,  iii-d,  iv-c.  Divisions  of 
 Algae  and  their  Main  Characteristics  : 
 Chlorophyceae  (Green  algae)  :  Major 
 pigments  -  Chlorophyll,  Stored  Food  - 
 Starch,  Example  -  Spirogyra. 
 Phaeophyceae  (Brown  algae)  :  Pigment  - 
 fucoxanthin,  Stored  food  -  Mannitol, 
 Laminarin,  Example  -  Sargassum, 
 Laminaria.  Rhodophyceae  (Red  algae)  : 
 Pigment  -  Phycoerythrin,  Stored  Food  - 
 Floridean  starch,  Example  -  Gracilaria 
 and Gelidium. 
 Q.3.  Which  of  the  following  is  another 
 name  for  starch  found  mainly  in  the  pulp 
 of  seeds,  fruits,  tubers,  roots  and  stems 
 of  plants,  especially  in  corn,  potatoes, 
 wheat and rice? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Amylum  (b) Xanthan 
 (c) Olestra  (d) Saponin 
 Sol.3.(a)  Amylum  -  A  polymeric 
 carbohydrate  consisting  of  numerous 
 glucose  units  joined  by  glycosidic  bonds. 
 Olestra  (Olean)  -  Fat  substitute  that 
 doesn't  add  any  calories  to  products. 
 Saponins  -  They  are  naturally  occurring 
 compounds  that  are  widely  distributed  in 
 all  cells  of  legume  plants.  Xanthan 
 (polysaccharide)  produced  from  simple 
 sugars  using  a  fermentation  process. 
 Uses  -  common  food  additive,  thickening 
 agent,  emulsi?er,  and  stabiliser  that 
 prevents ingredients from separating. 
 Q.4.  What  is  the  common  term  for 
 Ancylostoma? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Tapeworm  (b) Roundworm 
 (c) Filaria worm  (d) Hookworm 
 Sol.4.(d)  Hookworm.  Ancylostoma  is  a 
 genus  of  parasitic  nematodes 
 (roundworms)  that  primarily  infect 
 mammals.  These  worms  are  intestinal 
 parasites  and  are  transmitted  to  humans 
 through  contact  with  contaminated  soil 
 or  sand  where  the  larvae  are  present. 
 Tapeworm  :  genus  -  Taenia,  Examples  - 
 Taenia  solium  (pork  tapeworm)  and 
 Taenia  saginata  (beef  tapeworm).  Filaria 
 worms belong to the family Filarioidea. 
 Q.5.  Solanum  lycopersicum  L.  is  the 
 scienti?c  name  of  which  of  the  following 
 highly consumed vegetables? 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Potato (b) Tomato (c) Onion (d) Garlic 
 Sol.5.(b)  Tomato.  Potato  -  Solanum 
 tuberosum,  Onion  -  Allium  cepa,  and 
 Garlic - Allium sativum. 
 Q.6.  What  is  the  common  name  of 
 Parthenium hysterophorus? 
 SSC CHSL 01/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Lemon grass  (b) Lawn grass 
 (c) Horse grass  (d) Carrot grass 
 Sol.6.(d)  Carrot  Grass.  Lemon  grass  - 
 Cymbopogon,  Lawn Grass - Poaceae, 
 Horsetails - Equisetum. 
 Q.7.  Oleo  gum  resin  (Asafoetida)  can  be 
 obtained from: 
 SSC CHSL 06/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) dried latex from the stem of ferula 
 (b) dried latex from the roots of mango 
 tree 
 (c) dried latex from the banana leaves 
 (d) dried latex from the tap root of ferula 
 Sol.7.(d)  Oleo-gum-resin  (Asafoetida) 
 can  be  obtained  from  the  exudates  of  the 
 roots  of  the  Iranian  endemic  medicinal 
 plant,  Ferula  asafoetida.  It  has  cytotoxic, 
 antiulcer,  anti-neoplasm,  anti-cancer,  and 
 anti-oxidative effects. 
 Q.8.  The  scienti?c  name  for  the  domestic 
 ______ is Canis lupus familiaris. 
 SSC CGL 20/04/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) buffalo    (b) cat    (c) dog    (d) cow 
 Sol.8.(c)  Dog.  Bubalus  bubalis  -  Buffalo, 
 Felis catus - Cat, Bos taurus - Cow. 
 Q.9.  What  is  the  botanical  name  of 
 mango? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Mangifera indica       (b) Cocos nucifera 
 (c) Monoon longifolium (d) Casuarina 
 Sol.9.(a)  Mangifera  indica  .  Botanical 
 Names  :  Cocos  nucifera  (Coconut), 
 Monoon  longifolium  (False  Ashoka), 
 Saraca  asoca  (Ashoka  tree),  Casuarina 
 (Australian pine). 
 Nutrition in Animals 
 Q.10.  Select  the  INCORRECT  statement 
 with regards to vitamins. 
 SSC CHSL Tier II  02/11/2023 
 (a) Plants can synthesise almost all 
 vitamins. 
 (b) Vitamins are organic compounds. 
 (c) Some bacteria in the gut do not 
 produce vitamins. 
 (d) Most of the vitamins cannot get 
 synthesised in su?cient amounts in 
 our body. 
 Sol.10.(c)  Gut  bacteria  helps  in  supplying 
 essential  nutrients,  synthesising  vitamin 
 K,  aiding  in  the  digestion  of  cellulose. 
 Vitamins  A,  D,  E  and  K  are  fat-soluble  and 
 vitamins  C  and  B  (complex  group 
 vitamins) are water- soluble. 
 Q.11.  Which  essential  micronutrient 
 plays  a  clear  role  in  the  synthesis, 
 storage  and  secretion  of  insulin  in  the 
 hexameric  form  as  well  as  in  the 
 conformational integrity of insulin? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Zinc                    (b) Fluoride 
 (c) Selenium           (d) Phosphorus 
 Sol.11.(a)  Zinc.  Micronutrients  are 
 vitamins  and  minerals  needed  by  the 
 body  in  very  small  amounts.  Role  of 
 some  micronutrients  in  our  body  : 
 Fluoride  inhibits  the  initiation  and 
 progression  of  dental  caries  (tooth 
 decay)  and  stimulates  new  bone 
 formation.  Selenium  (Se)  plays  a  critical 
 role  in  reproduction,  thyroid  hormone 
 metabolism,  DNA  synthesis,  and 
 protection  from  oxidative  damage  and 
 infection  .  Phosphorus  is  a  component  of 
 bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  was  the  ?rst 
 B  vitamin  discovered  in  1897  that  is 
 essential  in  amino  acid  and  carbohydrate 
 metabolism  and  is  active  in  energy 
 production reactions? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Thiamine            (b) Folate 
 (c) Ribo?avin           (d) Biotin 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 473
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Sol.12.(a)  Thiamine.  Casimir  Funk  is 
 considered  as  the  'Father  of  vitamin 
 therapy'.  Vitamin  B  :  B 
 1 
 (thiamin),  B 
 2 
 (ribo?avin),  B 
 3 
 (niacin),  B 
 5 
 (pantothenic 
 acid),  B 
 6 
 (pyridoxine),  B 
 7 
 (biotin),  B 
 9 
 (folic 
 acid),  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin).  Fat-soluble 
 Vitamins  :  A,  D,  E,  and  K.  Water-Soluble 
 Vitamins - B and C. 
 Q.13.  What  is  the  most  important  health 
 bene?t of Vitamin D ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Strengthening of bones and muscles 
 (b) Reducing the blood pressure 
 (c) Elevation of heartbeat 
 (d) Rapid growth after teenage years 
 Sol.13.(a)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  :  Source 
 -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat,  etc. 
 De?ciency  Diseases  -  Rickets.  Symptoms 
 -  weak  and  painful  bones,  Deformities  in 
 teeth, Pain in the bones. 
 Q.14.  The  food  component  present  in 
 sugar is: 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) fats                         (b) vitamins 
 (c) carbohydrates      (d) protein 
 Sol.14.(c)  Carbohydrates.  Sugar 
 molecules  found  in  foods  and  drinks.  The 
 body  breaks  down  carbohydrates  into 
 glucose  (main  source  of  energy  for  the 
 body).  Source  -  Breads,  beans,  milk, 
 popcorn,  potatoes,  cookies,  spaghetti, 
 soft  drinks,  corn,  etc.  Vitamins  -  Group  of 
 substances  that  are  needed  for  normal 
 cell  function,  growth,  and  development. 
 Proteins are made up of amino acids. 
 Q.15.  Milk,  seafood,  nuts  and  whole 
 grains  contain  high  amounts  of  which 
 mineral  that  supports  bone  health  and 
 our body's repair process? 
 SSC MTS 05/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Fluoride             (b) Potassium 
 (c) phosphorus      (d) Zinc 
 Sol.15.(c)  Phosphorus.  Other  Minerals 
 found  in  Milk  :  Calcium,  Magnesium, 
 Potassium,  Selenium  and  Zinc.  Vitamin  C 
 (ascorbic  acid)  is  absent  in  Milk. 
 Minerals  and  their  sources  :  Iron  - 
 Spinach,  dry  nuts  and  seeds,  Legumes 
 (chickpeas  and  lentils).  Zinc  -  Pumpkin 
 seeds, Eggs, Whole Grains. 
 Q.16  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 prevents  major  birth  defects  of  the  brain 
 and spine of a newborn baby? 
 SSC MTS 12/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin E             (b) Vitamin A 
 (c) Vitamin C             (d) Folic acid 
 Sol.16.(d)  Folic  Acid  (Vitamin  -  B9)  :  It 
 helps  to  prevent  and  cure  low  levels  of 
 folates.  Folates  play  an  important  role  in 
 forming  red  blood  cells  and  maintaining 
 brain  health.  Sources  -  Dark  green  leafy 
 vegetables,  beans,  peanuts,  fruits,  whole 
 grains. 
 Q.17.  Carbohydrates  are  utilised  by  the 
 human body in the form of: 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) glucose             (b) nucleotides 
 (c) ?bre                   (d) amino acids 
 Sol.17.(a)  Glucose  -  The  main  type  of 
 sugar  in  the  blood  and  is  the  major 
 source  of  energy  for  the  body's  cells.  A 
 nucleotide  is  the  basic  building  block  of 
 nucleic  acids  {RNA  (Ribonucleic  acid) 
 and  DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic  acid)}.  Fibre 
 is  a  type  of  carbohydrate  that  the  body 
 can't  digest.  Amino  acids  are  organic 
 compounds  that  contain  both  amino  and 
 carboxylic  acid  functional  groups;  Break 
 down  food,  Grow  and  repair  body  tissue, 
 Make hormones and brain chemicals. 
 Q.18.  What  is  the  monomer  unit  of 
 glycogen? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Fructose              (b) Glucose 
 (c) Galactose            (d) Mannose 
 Sol.18.(b)  Glucose  (C 
 6 
 H 
 12 
 O 
 6 
 ).  Glycogen  : 
 The  carbohydrates  are  stored  in  the 
 animal  body  as  glycogen  .  Also  known  as 
 animal  starch  because  its  structure  is 
 similar  to  amylopectin  and  is  rather  more 
 highly  branched.  It  is  present  in  the  liver, 
 muscles  and  brain.  When  the  body  needs 
 glucose,  enzymes  break  the  glycogen 
 down  to  glucose.  Found  in  yeast  and 
 fungi.  Fructose  -  It  is  a  natural 
 monosaccharide  found  in  fruits,  honey 
 and vegetables. 
 Q.19.  Which  vitamin  is  synthesized  in  the 
 presence of sunlight in our body ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B            (b) Vitamin C 
 (c) Vitamin D            (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.19.(c)  Vitamin  D  :  Sources  -  sunlight, 
 oily  ?sh,  milk.  De?ciency  disease  - 
 Rickets  (bone  become  soft).  Vitamin  and 
 Sources  -  Vitamin  A  :  Source  -  Milk, 
 butter,  cheese,  Cod  liver  oil,  Green  leafy 
 vegetables.  De?ciency  disease  -  Night 
 blindness.  Vitamin  B  :  Source  -  Fish  Eggs, 
 Dairy  Products,  Green  vegetables. 
 De?ciency  diseases  -  Beri  beri.  Vitamin  C 
 :  Source  -  Citrus  (oranges,  kiwi,  lemon, 
 grapefruit),  Tomatoes,  Strawberries. 
 De?ciency  disease  -  Scurvy  (gums  swell 
 and bleed). 
 Q.20.  Which  essential  amino  acid  is 
 necessary  for  the  production  of  our 
 brain’s  chemical  messengers  including 
 melatonin,  dopamine,  noradrenaline  and 
 thyroxine? 
 SSC CHSL 17/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Leucine              (b) Phenylalanine 
 (c) Tryptophan        (d) Valine 
 Sol.20.(b)  Phenylalanine  is  an  essential 
 amino  acid  to  make  proteins  and  other 
 vital  molecules  such  as 
 neurotransmitters  and  hormones. 
 Leucine  amino  acids  can  be  used  by 
 skeletal  muscle  to  give  energy  during 
 exercise.  Tryptophan  is  an  amino  acid 
 needed  for  normal  growth  in  infants  and 
 for  the  production  and  maintenance  of 
 the  body's  proteins,  muscles,  enzymes, 
 and neurotransmitters. 
 Q.21.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  match  of  column-A  with 
 column-B? 
 Column-A 
 (Nutrients) 
 Column-B 
 (Source) 
 i. Protein rich food.  a. Wheat 
 ii. Fat rich food  b. Lemon 
 iii. Carbohydrate rich 
 food 
 c. Egg white 
 iv. Vitamin C rich 
 food 
 d. Butter and 
 cheese 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d  (b) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a 
 (c) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b  (d) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a 
 Sol.21.(c)  i-c,  ii-d,  iii-a,  iv-b.  Important 
 Nutrients  in  Food  and  their  functions  : 
 Carbohydrates  -  One  of  the  main  sources 
 of  energy  for  human  beings.  Three  types 
 of  carbohydrates  in  food  -  Fiber,  Sugar, 
 and  Starch.  Iron  -  It  is  a  constituent  of 
 our  red  blood  cells  whose  function  is  to 
 carry  oxygen  from  our  lungs  to  organs, 
 muscles, and cells. 
 Q.22.  Vitamins and minerals are helpful 
 for which of the following? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Proper breathing 
 (b) Proper sweating 
 (c) Proper fat storage 
 (d) Carry out metabolic reactions in our 
 body 
 Sol.22.(d)  Vitamins  and  their  sources  : 
 Vitamin  A  -  Milk,  egg.  Vitamin  D  -  Cheese, 
 butter,  milk.  Vitamin  E  -  Vegetable  oils, 
 lettuce,  turnip  leaves.  Vitamin  K  - 
 spinach  and  soybeans.  Vitamin  B  - 
 Seafood,  milk,  meat,  peas.  Minerals  and 
 their  sources  :  Iron  -  Meat,  ?sh,  liver, 
 eggs,  turnip,  germinating  wheat  grains 
 and  yeast.  Calcium  -  Milk.  Phosphorus  - 
 Meat, egg, ?sh, whole grains. 
 Q.23  As per the dietary guidelines 
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Page 3


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Biology 
 Scientific Name 
 Q.1.  What  is  the  scienti?c  name  of  the 
 banyan  tree,  a  large  evergreen  tree  of 
 Asia  characterised  by  its  trunk-like  aerial 
 roots? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ficus benghalensis 
 (b) Gossypium herbaceum 
 (c) Santalum album 
 (d) Ananas comosus 
 Sol.1.(a)  Ficus  benghalensis  :  Family  - 
 Moraceae,  Order  -  Rosales,  Kingdom  - 
 Plantae.  Gossypium  herbaceum  :  Levant 
 cotton,  Family  -  Malvaceae,  Order  - 
 Malvales.  Santalum  album  :  Indian 
 Sandalwood,  Family:  Santalaceae,  Order  - 
 Santalales.  Ananas  comosus  :  Pineapple, 
 Family - Bromeliaceae, Order - Poales. 
 Q.2.  Match the columns. 
 Column-A 
 (Class) 
 Column-B 
 (Common name) 
 i.Chlorophyceae  a. Brown algae 
 ii. Phaeophyceae  b. Green algae 
 iii. Rhodophyceae  c. Blue-green algae 
 iv. Cyanophyceae  d. Red algae 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d   (b) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 
 (c) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a   (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.2.(b)  i-b,  ii-a,  iii-d,  iv-c.  Divisions  of 
 Algae  and  their  Main  Characteristics  : 
 Chlorophyceae  (Green  algae)  :  Major 
 pigments  -  Chlorophyll,  Stored  Food  - 
 Starch,  Example  -  Spirogyra. 
 Phaeophyceae  (Brown  algae)  :  Pigment  - 
 fucoxanthin,  Stored  food  -  Mannitol, 
 Laminarin,  Example  -  Sargassum, 
 Laminaria.  Rhodophyceae  (Red  algae)  : 
 Pigment  -  Phycoerythrin,  Stored  Food  - 
 Floridean  starch,  Example  -  Gracilaria 
 and Gelidium. 
 Q.3.  Which  of  the  following  is  another 
 name  for  starch  found  mainly  in  the  pulp 
 of  seeds,  fruits,  tubers,  roots  and  stems 
 of  plants,  especially  in  corn,  potatoes, 
 wheat and rice? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Amylum  (b) Xanthan 
 (c) Olestra  (d) Saponin 
 Sol.3.(a)  Amylum  -  A  polymeric 
 carbohydrate  consisting  of  numerous 
 glucose  units  joined  by  glycosidic  bonds. 
 Olestra  (Olean)  -  Fat  substitute  that 
 doesn't  add  any  calories  to  products. 
 Saponins  -  They  are  naturally  occurring 
 compounds  that  are  widely  distributed  in 
 all  cells  of  legume  plants.  Xanthan 
 (polysaccharide)  produced  from  simple 
 sugars  using  a  fermentation  process. 
 Uses  -  common  food  additive,  thickening 
 agent,  emulsi?er,  and  stabiliser  that 
 prevents ingredients from separating. 
 Q.4.  What  is  the  common  term  for 
 Ancylostoma? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Tapeworm  (b) Roundworm 
 (c) Filaria worm  (d) Hookworm 
 Sol.4.(d)  Hookworm.  Ancylostoma  is  a 
 genus  of  parasitic  nematodes 
 (roundworms)  that  primarily  infect 
 mammals.  These  worms  are  intestinal 
 parasites  and  are  transmitted  to  humans 
 through  contact  with  contaminated  soil 
 or  sand  where  the  larvae  are  present. 
 Tapeworm  :  genus  -  Taenia,  Examples  - 
 Taenia  solium  (pork  tapeworm)  and 
 Taenia  saginata  (beef  tapeworm).  Filaria 
 worms belong to the family Filarioidea. 
 Q.5.  Solanum  lycopersicum  L.  is  the 
 scienti?c  name  of  which  of  the  following 
 highly consumed vegetables? 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Potato (b) Tomato (c) Onion (d) Garlic 
 Sol.5.(b)  Tomato.  Potato  -  Solanum 
 tuberosum,  Onion  -  Allium  cepa,  and 
 Garlic - Allium sativum. 
 Q.6.  What  is  the  common  name  of 
 Parthenium hysterophorus? 
 SSC CHSL 01/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Lemon grass  (b) Lawn grass 
 (c) Horse grass  (d) Carrot grass 
 Sol.6.(d)  Carrot  Grass.  Lemon  grass  - 
 Cymbopogon,  Lawn Grass - Poaceae, 
 Horsetails - Equisetum. 
 Q.7.  Oleo  gum  resin  (Asafoetida)  can  be 
 obtained from: 
 SSC CHSL 06/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) dried latex from the stem of ferula 
 (b) dried latex from the roots of mango 
 tree 
 (c) dried latex from the banana leaves 
 (d) dried latex from the tap root of ferula 
 Sol.7.(d)  Oleo-gum-resin  (Asafoetida) 
 can  be  obtained  from  the  exudates  of  the 
 roots  of  the  Iranian  endemic  medicinal 
 plant,  Ferula  asafoetida.  It  has  cytotoxic, 
 antiulcer,  anti-neoplasm,  anti-cancer,  and 
 anti-oxidative effects. 
 Q.8.  The  scienti?c  name  for  the  domestic 
 ______ is Canis lupus familiaris. 
 SSC CGL 20/04/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) buffalo    (b) cat    (c) dog    (d) cow 
 Sol.8.(c)  Dog.  Bubalus  bubalis  -  Buffalo, 
 Felis catus - Cat, Bos taurus - Cow. 
 Q.9.  What  is  the  botanical  name  of 
 mango? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Mangifera indica       (b) Cocos nucifera 
 (c) Monoon longifolium (d) Casuarina 
 Sol.9.(a)  Mangifera  indica  .  Botanical 
 Names  :  Cocos  nucifera  (Coconut), 
 Monoon  longifolium  (False  Ashoka), 
 Saraca  asoca  (Ashoka  tree),  Casuarina 
 (Australian pine). 
 Nutrition in Animals 
 Q.10.  Select  the  INCORRECT  statement 
 with regards to vitamins. 
 SSC CHSL Tier II  02/11/2023 
 (a) Plants can synthesise almost all 
 vitamins. 
 (b) Vitamins are organic compounds. 
 (c) Some bacteria in the gut do not 
 produce vitamins. 
 (d) Most of the vitamins cannot get 
 synthesised in su?cient amounts in 
 our body. 
 Sol.10.(c)  Gut  bacteria  helps  in  supplying 
 essential  nutrients,  synthesising  vitamin 
 K,  aiding  in  the  digestion  of  cellulose. 
 Vitamins  A,  D,  E  and  K  are  fat-soluble  and 
 vitamins  C  and  B  (complex  group 
 vitamins) are water- soluble. 
 Q.11.  Which  essential  micronutrient 
 plays  a  clear  role  in  the  synthesis, 
 storage  and  secretion  of  insulin  in  the 
 hexameric  form  as  well  as  in  the 
 conformational integrity of insulin? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Zinc                    (b) Fluoride 
 (c) Selenium           (d) Phosphorus 
 Sol.11.(a)  Zinc.  Micronutrients  are 
 vitamins  and  minerals  needed  by  the 
 body  in  very  small  amounts.  Role  of 
 some  micronutrients  in  our  body  : 
 Fluoride  inhibits  the  initiation  and 
 progression  of  dental  caries  (tooth 
 decay)  and  stimulates  new  bone 
 formation.  Selenium  (Se)  plays  a  critical 
 role  in  reproduction,  thyroid  hormone 
 metabolism,  DNA  synthesis,  and 
 protection  from  oxidative  damage  and 
 infection  .  Phosphorus  is  a  component  of 
 bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  was  the  ?rst 
 B  vitamin  discovered  in  1897  that  is 
 essential  in  amino  acid  and  carbohydrate 
 metabolism  and  is  active  in  energy 
 production reactions? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Thiamine            (b) Folate 
 (c) Ribo?avin           (d) Biotin 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Sol.12.(a)  Thiamine.  Casimir  Funk  is 
 considered  as  the  'Father  of  vitamin 
 therapy'.  Vitamin  B  :  B 
 1 
 (thiamin),  B 
 2 
 (ribo?avin),  B 
 3 
 (niacin),  B 
 5 
 (pantothenic 
 acid),  B 
 6 
 (pyridoxine),  B 
 7 
 (biotin),  B 
 9 
 (folic 
 acid),  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin).  Fat-soluble 
 Vitamins  :  A,  D,  E,  and  K.  Water-Soluble 
 Vitamins - B and C. 
 Q.13.  What  is  the  most  important  health 
 bene?t of Vitamin D ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Strengthening of bones and muscles 
 (b) Reducing the blood pressure 
 (c) Elevation of heartbeat 
 (d) Rapid growth after teenage years 
 Sol.13.(a)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  :  Source 
 -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat,  etc. 
 De?ciency  Diseases  -  Rickets.  Symptoms 
 -  weak  and  painful  bones,  Deformities  in 
 teeth, Pain in the bones. 
 Q.14.  The  food  component  present  in 
 sugar is: 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) fats                         (b) vitamins 
 (c) carbohydrates      (d) protein 
 Sol.14.(c)  Carbohydrates.  Sugar 
 molecules  found  in  foods  and  drinks.  The 
 body  breaks  down  carbohydrates  into 
 glucose  (main  source  of  energy  for  the 
 body).  Source  -  Breads,  beans,  milk, 
 popcorn,  potatoes,  cookies,  spaghetti, 
 soft  drinks,  corn,  etc.  Vitamins  -  Group  of 
 substances  that  are  needed  for  normal 
 cell  function,  growth,  and  development. 
 Proteins are made up of amino acids. 
 Q.15.  Milk,  seafood,  nuts  and  whole 
 grains  contain  high  amounts  of  which 
 mineral  that  supports  bone  health  and 
 our body's repair process? 
 SSC MTS 05/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Fluoride             (b) Potassium 
 (c) phosphorus      (d) Zinc 
 Sol.15.(c)  Phosphorus.  Other  Minerals 
 found  in  Milk  :  Calcium,  Magnesium, 
 Potassium,  Selenium  and  Zinc.  Vitamin  C 
 (ascorbic  acid)  is  absent  in  Milk. 
 Minerals  and  their  sources  :  Iron  - 
 Spinach,  dry  nuts  and  seeds,  Legumes 
 (chickpeas  and  lentils).  Zinc  -  Pumpkin 
 seeds, Eggs, Whole Grains. 
 Q.16  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 prevents  major  birth  defects  of  the  brain 
 and spine of a newborn baby? 
 SSC MTS 12/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin E             (b) Vitamin A 
 (c) Vitamin C             (d) Folic acid 
 Sol.16.(d)  Folic  Acid  (Vitamin  -  B9)  :  It 
 helps  to  prevent  and  cure  low  levels  of 
 folates.  Folates  play  an  important  role  in 
 forming  red  blood  cells  and  maintaining 
 brain  health.  Sources  -  Dark  green  leafy 
 vegetables,  beans,  peanuts,  fruits,  whole 
 grains. 
 Q.17.  Carbohydrates  are  utilised  by  the 
 human body in the form of: 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) glucose             (b) nucleotides 
 (c) ?bre                   (d) amino acids 
 Sol.17.(a)  Glucose  -  The  main  type  of 
 sugar  in  the  blood  and  is  the  major 
 source  of  energy  for  the  body's  cells.  A 
 nucleotide  is  the  basic  building  block  of 
 nucleic  acids  {RNA  (Ribonucleic  acid) 
 and  DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic  acid)}.  Fibre 
 is  a  type  of  carbohydrate  that  the  body 
 can't  digest.  Amino  acids  are  organic 
 compounds  that  contain  both  amino  and 
 carboxylic  acid  functional  groups;  Break 
 down  food,  Grow  and  repair  body  tissue, 
 Make hormones and brain chemicals. 
 Q.18.  What  is  the  monomer  unit  of 
 glycogen? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Fructose              (b) Glucose 
 (c) Galactose            (d) Mannose 
 Sol.18.(b)  Glucose  (C 
 6 
 H 
 12 
 O 
 6 
 ).  Glycogen  : 
 The  carbohydrates  are  stored  in  the 
 animal  body  as  glycogen  .  Also  known  as 
 animal  starch  because  its  structure  is 
 similar  to  amylopectin  and  is  rather  more 
 highly  branched.  It  is  present  in  the  liver, 
 muscles  and  brain.  When  the  body  needs 
 glucose,  enzymes  break  the  glycogen 
 down  to  glucose.  Found  in  yeast  and 
 fungi.  Fructose  -  It  is  a  natural 
 monosaccharide  found  in  fruits,  honey 
 and vegetables. 
 Q.19.  Which  vitamin  is  synthesized  in  the 
 presence of sunlight in our body ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B            (b) Vitamin C 
 (c) Vitamin D            (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.19.(c)  Vitamin  D  :  Sources  -  sunlight, 
 oily  ?sh,  milk.  De?ciency  disease  - 
 Rickets  (bone  become  soft).  Vitamin  and 
 Sources  -  Vitamin  A  :  Source  -  Milk, 
 butter,  cheese,  Cod  liver  oil,  Green  leafy 
 vegetables.  De?ciency  disease  -  Night 
 blindness.  Vitamin  B  :  Source  -  Fish  Eggs, 
 Dairy  Products,  Green  vegetables. 
 De?ciency  diseases  -  Beri  beri.  Vitamin  C 
 :  Source  -  Citrus  (oranges,  kiwi,  lemon, 
 grapefruit),  Tomatoes,  Strawberries. 
 De?ciency  disease  -  Scurvy  (gums  swell 
 and bleed). 
 Q.20.  Which  essential  amino  acid  is 
 necessary  for  the  production  of  our 
 brain’s  chemical  messengers  including 
 melatonin,  dopamine,  noradrenaline  and 
 thyroxine? 
 SSC CHSL 17/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Leucine              (b) Phenylalanine 
 (c) Tryptophan        (d) Valine 
 Sol.20.(b)  Phenylalanine  is  an  essential 
 amino  acid  to  make  proteins  and  other 
 vital  molecules  such  as 
 neurotransmitters  and  hormones. 
 Leucine  amino  acids  can  be  used  by 
 skeletal  muscle  to  give  energy  during 
 exercise.  Tryptophan  is  an  amino  acid 
 needed  for  normal  growth  in  infants  and 
 for  the  production  and  maintenance  of 
 the  body's  proteins,  muscles,  enzymes, 
 and neurotransmitters. 
 Q.21.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  match  of  column-A  with 
 column-B? 
 Column-A 
 (Nutrients) 
 Column-B 
 (Source) 
 i. Protein rich food.  a. Wheat 
 ii. Fat rich food  b. Lemon 
 iii. Carbohydrate rich 
 food 
 c. Egg white 
 iv. Vitamin C rich 
 food 
 d. Butter and 
 cheese 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d  (b) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a 
 (c) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b  (d) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a 
 Sol.21.(c)  i-c,  ii-d,  iii-a,  iv-b.  Important 
 Nutrients  in  Food  and  their  functions  : 
 Carbohydrates  -  One  of  the  main  sources 
 of  energy  for  human  beings.  Three  types 
 of  carbohydrates  in  food  -  Fiber,  Sugar, 
 and  Starch.  Iron  -  It  is  a  constituent  of 
 our  red  blood  cells  whose  function  is  to 
 carry  oxygen  from  our  lungs  to  organs, 
 muscles, and cells. 
 Q.22.  Vitamins and minerals are helpful 
 for which of the following? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Proper breathing 
 (b) Proper sweating 
 (c) Proper fat storage 
 (d) Carry out metabolic reactions in our 
 body 
 Sol.22.(d)  Vitamins  and  their  sources  : 
 Vitamin  A  -  Milk,  egg.  Vitamin  D  -  Cheese, 
 butter,  milk.  Vitamin  E  -  Vegetable  oils, 
 lettuce,  turnip  leaves.  Vitamin  K  - 
 spinach  and  soybeans.  Vitamin  B  - 
 Seafood,  milk,  meat,  peas.  Minerals  and 
 their  sources  :  Iron  -  Meat,  ?sh,  liver, 
 eggs,  turnip,  germinating  wheat  grains 
 and  yeast.  Calcium  -  Milk.  Phosphorus  - 
 Meat, egg, ?sh, whole grains. 
 Q.23  As per the dietary guidelines 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 recommended  by  doctors,  the  RDA  for 
 cholesterol  intake  in  healthy  adults  and 
 children  above  four  years  of  age  is  ______ 
 mg/day. 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023( 2nd shift) 
 (a) 400  (b) 600  (c) 500  (d) 300 
 Sol.23.(d)  300.  Cholesterol  -  A  waxy 
 substance  found  in  the  blood.  The  body 
 needs  cholesterol  to  build  healthy  cells.  It 
 comes  from  two  sources  :  The  liver  and 
 foods  from  animals  (meat,  poultry  and 
 dairy  products).  A  high  level  of 
 cholesterol  can  develop  fatty  deposits  in 
 the blood vessels. 
 Q.24.  Which  water-soluble  vitamin  found 
 in  various  foods,  including  liver,  milk, 
 eggs  and  ?sh,  helps  to  keep  your  body's 
 blood and nerve cells healthy? 
 Matric Level 27/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin B 
 12 
 (c) Vitamin E  (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.24.(b)  Vitamin  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin)  . 
 Sources  -  Meat,  Fish,  eggs,  and  dairy 
 products.  It  helps  in  forming  RBC. 
 De?ciency  of  this  vitamin  causes 
 symptoms  like  tingling  in  the  tongue, 
 anemia,  white  patches  on  the  skin, 
 mouth ulcers and shortness of breath. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 helps to keep our skin and eyes healthy? 
 SSC MTS 02/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Vitamin A  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin B 
 Sol.25.(a)  Vitamin  A.  De?ciency 
 Diseases  -  Night  blindness,  Irregular 
 growth of teeth. 
 Q.26.  Which  among  the  following 
 vitamins in?uences iron absorption? 
 SSC MTS 09/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Vitamin B  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin K 
 Sol.26.(c)  Vitamin  C  (Water  soluble). 
 Scienti?c  name  :  Ascorbic  acid  (C 
 6 
 H 
 8 
 O 
 6 
 ) 
 or  ascorbate.  It  acts  as  an  antioxidant 
 and  helps  wound  healing.  It  also  helps  in 
 the  formation  of  collagen.  It  is  used  to 
 purify  water  after  it  has  been 
 Iodine-treated. 
 Q.27  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 helps  our  body  to  use  calcium  for  bones 
 and teeth? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin A  (d) Vitamin E 
 Sol.27.(b)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  -  It  helps 
 prevent  Osteoporosis  (a  disease  that 
 thins  and  weakens  the  bones  and  makes 
 them  brittle  and  more  likely  to  break). 
 Source  -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat, 
 etc. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'mineral - source' is correct? 
 I. Vitamin A - Papaya        II. Iron - Spinach 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Only II 
 Sol.28.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  Vitamin  A  -  Milk, 
 Eggs,  Fish,  Butter,  Forti?ed  Margarine, 
 Cheese,  Green  &  Yellow  fruits  and 
 Vegetables,  etc.  Vitamin  E  -  Meats, 
 Poultry,  Eggs,  Vegetable  oils,  Nuts,  Olives, 
 Tomatoes,  etc.  Zinc  -  Liver,  Eggs,  Cereals 
 and Seafood. 
 Q.29.  Which  among  the  following 
 Vitamins is known as Niacin ? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B2  (b) Vitamin B1 
 (c) Vitamin B4  (d) Vitamin B3 
 Sol.29.(d)  Vitamin  B3.  Niacin  is  the 
 generic  name  for  nicotinic  acid  (pyridine  - 
 3-carboxylic  acid),  nicotinamide 
 (niacinamide or pyridin-3-carboxamide). 
 Q.30.  Which  among  the  following  is  a  fat 
 soluble vitamin? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin B2 
 (c) Vitamin B4  (d) Vitamin D 
 Sol.30.(d)  Vitamin  D  promotes  calcium 
 absorption  in  the  intestine  and  maintains 
 adequate  serum  calcium  and  phosphate 
 concentrations  to  enable  normal  bone 
 mineralization  and  to  prevent 
 hypocalcemic  tetany  (involuntary 
 contraction  of  muscles,  leading  to 
 cramps and spasms). 
 Q.31.  Match the columns. 
 Nutrients  Examples 
 a. Protein  i. Calcium, 
 Phosphorous 
 b. Carbohydrate  ii. Cholesterol 
 c. Fat  iii. Glucose 
 d. Minerals  iv. Myosin 
 SSC CGL Tier II  (07/03/2023) 
 (a) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv      (b) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i 
 (c) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv      (d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i 
 Sol.31.(d)  a-iv,  b-iii,  c-ii,  d-i  . 
 Carbohydrate  :  It  consists  of  sugar, 
 starch,  and  ?ber.  Two  types  -  Simple 
 Carbohydrates  (Monosaccharides, 
 Disaccharides,  Oligosaccharides)  and 
 Complex  Carbohydrate.  Fat  -  It  is  a 
 macronutrient  essential  for  energy 
 storage,  insulation,  and  the  absorption  of 
 certain vitamins. 
 Q.32.  Match Column-A with Column-B. 
 Column-A (Vitamin)  Alternative Name 
 i. Vitamin A  a.  Ascorbic 
 ii. Vitamin B12  b.  Retinol 
 iii. Vitamin C  c. Cobalamin 
 iv. Vitamin D  d. Ergocalciferol 
 SSC CGL  01/12/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d  (b) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 (c) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a  (d) i-b, ii-c, iii,-a, iv-d 
 Sol.32.(d)  i-b, ii-c, iii,-a, iv-d. 
 Q.33.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is correct? 
 I.  The  nutrition  requirements  of 
 adolescents are higher than adults. 
 II.  Adolescents  are  generally  grouped  in 
 the age group of 10 to 19 years. 
 SSC CGL  02/12/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Only II                           (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.33.(b)  Both  I  and  II.  Adolescence  is 
 the  period  of  transition  between 
 childhood  and  adulthood  and  is  a  crucial 
 developmental  stage  for  our  mental 
 well-being. 
 Q.34.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  (type 
 of nutrient – nutrient) is correct ? 
 I. Macronutrient – Iron 
 II. Micronutrient – Calcium 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Neither I nor II   (d) Only II 
 Sol.34.(d)  Only  II.  Macronutrients  : 
 Carbohydrates,  Fats,  calcium  and 
 Proteins.  Micronutrients  :  Boron  (B), 
 Chlorine  (CI),  Copper  (Cu),  Iron  (Fe), 
 Manganese  (Mn),  Molybdenum  (Mo), 
 Zinc  (Zn)  and  Nickel  (Ni).  Calcium  is  the 
 most  abundant  mineral  in  the  body  with 
 99% found in teeth and bone. 
 Q.35.  Nuts,  vegetable  oil  and  ?sh  are  rich 
 sources of__________. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Omega-3  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) minerals  (d) vitamins 
 Sol.35.(a)  Omega-3.  Most  common 
 forms  of  carbohydrates  are  sugars,  ?bers 
 and  starches.  Minerals  which  are 
 essential  for  health  :  iron,  calcium, 
 magnesium, zinc, potassium etc. 
 Q.36.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 minerals – need is correct? 
 I. Iron – formation of hemoglobin 
 II. Sodium – proper functioning of thyroid 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only I 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Biology 
 Scientific Name 
 Q.1.  What  is  the  scienti?c  name  of  the 
 banyan  tree,  a  large  evergreen  tree  of 
 Asia  characterised  by  its  trunk-like  aerial 
 roots? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ficus benghalensis 
 (b) Gossypium herbaceum 
 (c) Santalum album 
 (d) Ananas comosus 
 Sol.1.(a)  Ficus  benghalensis  :  Family  - 
 Moraceae,  Order  -  Rosales,  Kingdom  - 
 Plantae.  Gossypium  herbaceum  :  Levant 
 cotton,  Family  -  Malvaceae,  Order  - 
 Malvales.  Santalum  album  :  Indian 
 Sandalwood,  Family:  Santalaceae,  Order  - 
 Santalales.  Ananas  comosus  :  Pineapple, 
 Family - Bromeliaceae, Order - Poales. 
 Q.2.  Match the columns. 
 Column-A 
 (Class) 
 Column-B 
 (Common name) 
 i.Chlorophyceae  a. Brown algae 
 ii. Phaeophyceae  b. Green algae 
 iii. Rhodophyceae  c. Blue-green algae 
 iv. Cyanophyceae  d. Red algae 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d   (b) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 
 (c) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a   (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.2.(b)  i-b,  ii-a,  iii-d,  iv-c.  Divisions  of 
 Algae  and  their  Main  Characteristics  : 
 Chlorophyceae  (Green  algae)  :  Major 
 pigments  -  Chlorophyll,  Stored  Food  - 
 Starch,  Example  -  Spirogyra. 
 Phaeophyceae  (Brown  algae)  :  Pigment  - 
 fucoxanthin,  Stored  food  -  Mannitol, 
 Laminarin,  Example  -  Sargassum, 
 Laminaria.  Rhodophyceae  (Red  algae)  : 
 Pigment  -  Phycoerythrin,  Stored  Food  - 
 Floridean  starch,  Example  -  Gracilaria 
 and Gelidium. 
 Q.3.  Which  of  the  following  is  another 
 name  for  starch  found  mainly  in  the  pulp 
 of  seeds,  fruits,  tubers,  roots  and  stems 
 of  plants,  especially  in  corn,  potatoes, 
 wheat and rice? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Amylum  (b) Xanthan 
 (c) Olestra  (d) Saponin 
 Sol.3.(a)  Amylum  -  A  polymeric 
 carbohydrate  consisting  of  numerous 
 glucose  units  joined  by  glycosidic  bonds. 
 Olestra  (Olean)  -  Fat  substitute  that 
 doesn't  add  any  calories  to  products. 
 Saponins  -  They  are  naturally  occurring 
 compounds  that  are  widely  distributed  in 
 all  cells  of  legume  plants.  Xanthan 
 (polysaccharide)  produced  from  simple 
 sugars  using  a  fermentation  process. 
 Uses  -  common  food  additive,  thickening 
 agent,  emulsi?er,  and  stabiliser  that 
 prevents ingredients from separating. 
 Q.4.  What  is  the  common  term  for 
 Ancylostoma? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Tapeworm  (b) Roundworm 
 (c) Filaria worm  (d) Hookworm 
 Sol.4.(d)  Hookworm.  Ancylostoma  is  a 
 genus  of  parasitic  nematodes 
 (roundworms)  that  primarily  infect 
 mammals.  These  worms  are  intestinal 
 parasites  and  are  transmitted  to  humans 
 through  contact  with  contaminated  soil 
 or  sand  where  the  larvae  are  present. 
 Tapeworm  :  genus  -  Taenia,  Examples  - 
 Taenia  solium  (pork  tapeworm)  and 
 Taenia  saginata  (beef  tapeworm).  Filaria 
 worms belong to the family Filarioidea. 
 Q.5.  Solanum  lycopersicum  L.  is  the 
 scienti?c  name  of  which  of  the  following 
 highly consumed vegetables? 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Potato (b) Tomato (c) Onion (d) Garlic 
 Sol.5.(b)  Tomato.  Potato  -  Solanum 
 tuberosum,  Onion  -  Allium  cepa,  and 
 Garlic - Allium sativum. 
 Q.6.  What  is  the  common  name  of 
 Parthenium hysterophorus? 
 SSC CHSL 01/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Lemon grass  (b) Lawn grass 
 (c) Horse grass  (d) Carrot grass 
 Sol.6.(d)  Carrot  Grass.  Lemon  grass  - 
 Cymbopogon,  Lawn Grass - Poaceae, 
 Horsetails - Equisetum. 
 Q.7.  Oleo  gum  resin  (Asafoetida)  can  be 
 obtained from: 
 SSC CHSL 06/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) dried latex from the stem of ferula 
 (b) dried latex from the roots of mango 
 tree 
 (c) dried latex from the banana leaves 
 (d) dried latex from the tap root of ferula 
 Sol.7.(d)  Oleo-gum-resin  (Asafoetida) 
 can  be  obtained  from  the  exudates  of  the 
 roots  of  the  Iranian  endemic  medicinal 
 plant,  Ferula  asafoetida.  It  has  cytotoxic, 
 antiulcer,  anti-neoplasm,  anti-cancer,  and 
 anti-oxidative effects. 
 Q.8.  The  scienti?c  name  for  the  domestic 
 ______ is Canis lupus familiaris. 
 SSC CGL 20/04/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) buffalo    (b) cat    (c) dog    (d) cow 
 Sol.8.(c)  Dog.  Bubalus  bubalis  -  Buffalo, 
 Felis catus - Cat, Bos taurus - Cow. 
 Q.9.  What  is  the  botanical  name  of 
 mango? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Mangifera indica       (b) Cocos nucifera 
 (c) Monoon longifolium (d) Casuarina 
 Sol.9.(a)  Mangifera  indica  .  Botanical 
 Names  :  Cocos  nucifera  (Coconut), 
 Monoon  longifolium  (False  Ashoka), 
 Saraca  asoca  (Ashoka  tree),  Casuarina 
 (Australian pine). 
 Nutrition in Animals 
 Q.10.  Select  the  INCORRECT  statement 
 with regards to vitamins. 
 SSC CHSL Tier II  02/11/2023 
 (a) Plants can synthesise almost all 
 vitamins. 
 (b) Vitamins are organic compounds. 
 (c) Some bacteria in the gut do not 
 produce vitamins. 
 (d) Most of the vitamins cannot get 
 synthesised in su?cient amounts in 
 our body. 
 Sol.10.(c)  Gut  bacteria  helps  in  supplying 
 essential  nutrients,  synthesising  vitamin 
 K,  aiding  in  the  digestion  of  cellulose. 
 Vitamins  A,  D,  E  and  K  are  fat-soluble  and 
 vitamins  C  and  B  (complex  group 
 vitamins) are water- soluble. 
 Q.11.  Which  essential  micronutrient 
 plays  a  clear  role  in  the  synthesis, 
 storage  and  secretion  of  insulin  in  the 
 hexameric  form  as  well  as  in  the 
 conformational integrity of insulin? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Zinc                    (b) Fluoride 
 (c) Selenium           (d) Phosphorus 
 Sol.11.(a)  Zinc.  Micronutrients  are 
 vitamins  and  minerals  needed  by  the 
 body  in  very  small  amounts.  Role  of 
 some  micronutrients  in  our  body  : 
 Fluoride  inhibits  the  initiation  and 
 progression  of  dental  caries  (tooth 
 decay)  and  stimulates  new  bone 
 formation.  Selenium  (Se)  plays  a  critical 
 role  in  reproduction,  thyroid  hormone 
 metabolism,  DNA  synthesis,  and 
 protection  from  oxidative  damage  and 
 infection  .  Phosphorus  is  a  component  of 
 bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  was  the  ?rst 
 B  vitamin  discovered  in  1897  that  is 
 essential  in  amino  acid  and  carbohydrate 
 metabolism  and  is  active  in  energy 
 production reactions? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Thiamine            (b) Folate 
 (c) Ribo?avin           (d) Biotin 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Sol.12.(a)  Thiamine.  Casimir  Funk  is 
 considered  as  the  'Father  of  vitamin 
 therapy'.  Vitamin  B  :  B 
 1 
 (thiamin),  B 
 2 
 (ribo?avin),  B 
 3 
 (niacin),  B 
 5 
 (pantothenic 
 acid),  B 
 6 
 (pyridoxine),  B 
 7 
 (biotin),  B 
 9 
 (folic 
 acid),  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin).  Fat-soluble 
 Vitamins  :  A,  D,  E,  and  K.  Water-Soluble 
 Vitamins - B and C. 
 Q.13.  What  is  the  most  important  health 
 bene?t of Vitamin D ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Strengthening of bones and muscles 
 (b) Reducing the blood pressure 
 (c) Elevation of heartbeat 
 (d) Rapid growth after teenage years 
 Sol.13.(a)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  :  Source 
 -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat,  etc. 
 De?ciency  Diseases  -  Rickets.  Symptoms 
 -  weak  and  painful  bones,  Deformities  in 
 teeth, Pain in the bones. 
 Q.14.  The  food  component  present  in 
 sugar is: 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) fats                         (b) vitamins 
 (c) carbohydrates      (d) protein 
 Sol.14.(c)  Carbohydrates.  Sugar 
 molecules  found  in  foods  and  drinks.  The 
 body  breaks  down  carbohydrates  into 
 glucose  (main  source  of  energy  for  the 
 body).  Source  -  Breads,  beans,  milk, 
 popcorn,  potatoes,  cookies,  spaghetti, 
 soft  drinks,  corn,  etc.  Vitamins  -  Group  of 
 substances  that  are  needed  for  normal 
 cell  function,  growth,  and  development. 
 Proteins are made up of amino acids. 
 Q.15.  Milk,  seafood,  nuts  and  whole 
 grains  contain  high  amounts  of  which 
 mineral  that  supports  bone  health  and 
 our body's repair process? 
 SSC MTS 05/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Fluoride             (b) Potassium 
 (c) phosphorus      (d) Zinc 
 Sol.15.(c)  Phosphorus.  Other  Minerals 
 found  in  Milk  :  Calcium,  Magnesium, 
 Potassium,  Selenium  and  Zinc.  Vitamin  C 
 (ascorbic  acid)  is  absent  in  Milk. 
 Minerals  and  their  sources  :  Iron  - 
 Spinach,  dry  nuts  and  seeds,  Legumes 
 (chickpeas  and  lentils).  Zinc  -  Pumpkin 
 seeds, Eggs, Whole Grains. 
 Q.16  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 prevents  major  birth  defects  of  the  brain 
 and spine of a newborn baby? 
 SSC MTS 12/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin E             (b) Vitamin A 
 (c) Vitamin C             (d) Folic acid 
 Sol.16.(d)  Folic  Acid  (Vitamin  -  B9)  :  It 
 helps  to  prevent  and  cure  low  levels  of 
 folates.  Folates  play  an  important  role  in 
 forming  red  blood  cells  and  maintaining 
 brain  health.  Sources  -  Dark  green  leafy 
 vegetables,  beans,  peanuts,  fruits,  whole 
 grains. 
 Q.17.  Carbohydrates  are  utilised  by  the 
 human body in the form of: 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) glucose             (b) nucleotides 
 (c) ?bre                   (d) amino acids 
 Sol.17.(a)  Glucose  -  The  main  type  of 
 sugar  in  the  blood  and  is  the  major 
 source  of  energy  for  the  body's  cells.  A 
 nucleotide  is  the  basic  building  block  of 
 nucleic  acids  {RNA  (Ribonucleic  acid) 
 and  DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic  acid)}.  Fibre 
 is  a  type  of  carbohydrate  that  the  body 
 can't  digest.  Amino  acids  are  organic 
 compounds  that  contain  both  amino  and 
 carboxylic  acid  functional  groups;  Break 
 down  food,  Grow  and  repair  body  tissue, 
 Make hormones and brain chemicals. 
 Q.18.  What  is  the  monomer  unit  of 
 glycogen? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Fructose              (b) Glucose 
 (c) Galactose            (d) Mannose 
 Sol.18.(b)  Glucose  (C 
 6 
 H 
 12 
 O 
 6 
 ).  Glycogen  : 
 The  carbohydrates  are  stored  in  the 
 animal  body  as  glycogen  .  Also  known  as 
 animal  starch  because  its  structure  is 
 similar  to  amylopectin  and  is  rather  more 
 highly  branched.  It  is  present  in  the  liver, 
 muscles  and  brain.  When  the  body  needs 
 glucose,  enzymes  break  the  glycogen 
 down  to  glucose.  Found  in  yeast  and 
 fungi.  Fructose  -  It  is  a  natural 
 monosaccharide  found  in  fruits,  honey 
 and vegetables. 
 Q.19.  Which  vitamin  is  synthesized  in  the 
 presence of sunlight in our body ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B            (b) Vitamin C 
 (c) Vitamin D            (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.19.(c)  Vitamin  D  :  Sources  -  sunlight, 
 oily  ?sh,  milk.  De?ciency  disease  - 
 Rickets  (bone  become  soft).  Vitamin  and 
 Sources  -  Vitamin  A  :  Source  -  Milk, 
 butter,  cheese,  Cod  liver  oil,  Green  leafy 
 vegetables.  De?ciency  disease  -  Night 
 blindness.  Vitamin  B  :  Source  -  Fish  Eggs, 
 Dairy  Products,  Green  vegetables. 
 De?ciency  diseases  -  Beri  beri.  Vitamin  C 
 :  Source  -  Citrus  (oranges,  kiwi,  lemon, 
 grapefruit),  Tomatoes,  Strawberries. 
 De?ciency  disease  -  Scurvy  (gums  swell 
 and bleed). 
 Q.20.  Which  essential  amino  acid  is 
 necessary  for  the  production  of  our 
 brain’s  chemical  messengers  including 
 melatonin,  dopamine,  noradrenaline  and 
 thyroxine? 
 SSC CHSL 17/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Leucine              (b) Phenylalanine 
 (c) Tryptophan        (d) Valine 
 Sol.20.(b)  Phenylalanine  is  an  essential 
 amino  acid  to  make  proteins  and  other 
 vital  molecules  such  as 
 neurotransmitters  and  hormones. 
 Leucine  amino  acids  can  be  used  by 
 skeletal  muscle  to  give  energy  during 
 exercise.  Tryptophan  is  an  amino  acid 
 needed  for  normal  growth  in  infants  and 
 for  the  production  and  maintenance  of 
 the  body's  proteins,  muscles,  enzymes, 
 and neurotransmitters. 
 Q.21.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  match  of  column-A  with 
 column-B? 
 Column-A 
 (Nutrients) 
 Column-B 
 (Source) 
 i. Protein rich food.  a. Wheat 
 ii. Fat rich food  b. Lemon 
 iii. Carbohydrate rich 
 food 
 c. Egg white 
 iv. Vitamin C rich 
 food 
 d. Butter and 
 cheese 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d  (b) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a 
 (c) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b  (d) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a 
 Sol.21.(c)  i-c,  ii-d,  iii-a,  iv-b.  Important 
 Nutrients  in  Food  and  their  functions  : 
 Carbohydrates  -  One  of  the  main  sources 
 of  energy  for  human  beings.  Three  types 
 of  carbohydrates  in  food  -  Fiber,  Sugar, 
 and  Starch.  Iron  -  It  is  a  constituent  of 
 our  red  blood  cells  whose  function  is  to 
 carry  oxygen  from  our  lungs  to  organs, 
 muscles, and cells. 
 Q.22.  Vitamins and minerals are helpful 
 for which of the following? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Proper breathing 
 (b) Proper sweating 
 (c) Proper fat storage 
 (d) Carry out metabolic reactions in our 
 body 
 Sol.22.(d)  Vitamins  and  their  sources  : 
 Vitamin  A  -  Milk,  egg.  Vitamin  D  -  Cheese, 
 butter,  milk.  Vitamin  E  -  Vegetable  oils, 
 lettuce,  turnip  leaves.  Vitamin  K  - 
 spinach  and  soybeans.  Vitamin  B  - 
 Seafood,  milk,  meat,  peas.  Minerals  and 
 their  sources  :  Iron  -  Meat,  ?sh,  liver, 
 eggs,  turnip,  germinating  wheat  grains 
 and  yeast.  Calcium  -  Milk.  Phosphorus  - 
 Meat, egg, ?sh, whole grains. 
 Q.23  As per the dietary guidelines 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 recommended  by  doctors,  the  RDA  for 
 cholesterol  intake  in  healthy  adults  and 
 children  above  four  years  of  age  is  ______ 
 mg/day. 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023( 2nd shift) 
 (a) 400  (b) 600  (c) 500  (d) 300 
 Sol.23.(d)  300.  Cholesterol  -  A  waxy 
 substance  found  in  the  blood.  The  body 
 needs  cholesterol  to  build  healthy  cells.  It 
 comes  from  two  sources  :  The  liver  and 
 foods  from  animals  (meat,  poultry  and 
 dairy  products).  A  high  level  of 
 cholesterol  can  develop  fatty  deposits  in 
 the blood vessels. 
 Q.24.  Which  water-soluble  vitamin  found 
 in  various  foods,  including  liver,  milk, 
 eggs  and  ?sh,  helps  to  keep  your  body's 
 blood and nerve cells healthy? 
 Matric Level 27/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin B 
 12 
 (c) Vitamin E  (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.24.(b)  Vitamin  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin)  . 
 Sources  -  Meat,  Fish,  eggs,  and  dairy 
 products.  It  helps  in  forming  RBC. 
 De?ciency  of  this  vitamin  causes 
 symptoms  like  tingling  in  the  tongue, 
 anemia,  white  patches  on  the  skin, 
 mouth ulcers and shortness of breath. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 helps to keep our skin and eyes healthy? 
 SSC MTS 02/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Vitamin A  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin B 
 Sol.25.(a)  Vitamin  A.  De?ciency 
 Diseases  -  Night  blindness,  Irregular 
 growth of teeth. 
 Q.26.  Which  among  the  following 
 vitamins in?uences iron absorption? 
 SSC MTS 09/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Vitamin B  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin K 
 Sol.26.(c)  Vitamin  C  (Water  soluble). 
 Scienti?c  name  :  Ascorbic  acid  (C 
 6 
 H 
 8 
 O 
 6 
 ) 
 or  ascorbate.  It  acts  as  an  antioxidant 
 and  helps  wound  healing.  It  also  helps  in 
 the  formation  of  collagen.  It  is  used  to 
 purify  water  after  it  has  been 
 Iodine-treated. 
 Q.27  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 helps  our  body  to  use  calcium  for  bones 
 and teeth? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin A  (d) Vitamin E 
 Sol.27.(b)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  -  It  helps 
 prevent  Osteoporosis  (a  disease  that 
 thins  and  weakens  the  bones  and  makes 
 them  brittle  and  more  likely  to  break). 
 Source  -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat, 
 etc. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'mineral - source' is correct? 
 I. Vitamin A - Papaya        II. Iron - Spinach 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Only II 
 Sol.28.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  Vitamin  A  -  Milk, 
 Eggs,  Fish,  Butter,  Forti?ed  Margarine, 
 Cheese,  Green  &  Yellow  fruits  and 
 Vegetables,  etc.  Vitamin  E  -  Meats, 
 Poultry,  Eggs,  Vegetable  oils,  Nuts,  Olives, 
 Tomatoes,  etc.  Zinc  -  Liver,  Eggs,  Cereals 
 and Seafood. 
 Q.29.  Which  among  the  following 
 Vitamins is known as Niacin ? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B2  (b) Vitamin B1 
 (c) Vitamin B4  (d) Vitamin B3 
 Sol.29.(d)  Vitamin  B3.  Niacin  is  the 
 generic  name  for  nicotinic  acid  (pyridine  - 
 3-carboxylic  acid),  nicotinamide 
 (niacinamide or pyridin-3-carboxamide). 
 Q.30.  Which  among  the  following  is  a  fat 
 soluble vitamin? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin B2 
 (c) Vitamin B4  (d) Vitamin D 
 Sol.30.(d)  Vitamin  D  promotes  calcium 
 absorption  in  the  intestine  and  maintains 
 adequate  serum  calcium  and  phosphate 
 concentrations  to  enable  normal  bone 
 mineralization  and  to  prevent 
 hypocalcemic  tetany  (involuntary 
 contraction  of  muscles,  leading  to 
 cramps and spasms). 
 Q.31.  Match the columns. 
 Nutrients  Examples 
 a. Protein  i. Calcium, 
 Phosphorous 
 b. Carbohydrate  ii. Cholesterol 
 c. Fat  iii. Glucose 
 d. Minerals  iv. Myosin 
 SSC CGL Tier II  (07/03/2023) 
 (a) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv      (b) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i 
 (c) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv      (d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i 
 Sol.31.(d)  a-iv,  b-iii,  c-ii,  d-i  . 
 Carbohydrate  :  It  consists  of  sugar, 
 starch,  and  ?ber.  Two  types  -  Simple 
 Carbohydrates  (Monosaccharides, 
 Disaccharides,  Oligosaccharides)  and 
 Complex  Carbohydrate.  Fat  -  It  is  a 
 macronutrient  essential  for  energy 
 storage,  insulation,  and  the  absorption  of 
 certain vitamins. 
 Q.32.  Match Column-A with Column-B. 
 Column-A (Vitamin)  Alternative Name 
 i. Vitamin A  a.  Ascorbic 
 ii. Vitamin B12  b.  Retinol 
 iii. Vitamin C  c. Cobalamin 
 iv. Vitamin D  d. Ergocalciferol 
 SSC CGL  01/12/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d  (b) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 (c) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a  (d) i-b, ii-c, iii,-a, iv-d 
 Sol.32.(d)  i-b, ii-c, iii,-a, iv-d. 
 Q.33.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is correct? 
 I.  The  nutrition  requirements  of 
 adolescents are higher than adults. 
 II.  Adolescents  are  generally  grouped  in 
 the age group of 10 to 19 years. 
 SSC CGL  02/12/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Only II                           (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.33.(b)  Both  I  and  II.  Adolescence  is 
 the  period  of  transition  between 
 childhood  and  adulthood  and  is  a  crucial 
 developmental  stage  for  our  mental 
 well-being. 
 Q.34.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  (type 
 of nutrient – nutrient) is correct ? 
 I. Macronutrient – Iron 
 II. Micronutrient – Calcium 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Neither I nor II   (d) Only II 
 Sol.34.(d)  Only  II.  Macronutrients  : 
 Carbohydrates,  Fats,  calcium  and 
 Proteins.  Micronutrients  :  Boron  (B), 
 Chlorine  (CI),  Copper  (Cu),  Iron  (Fe), 
 Manganese  (Mn),  Molybdenum  (Mo), 
 Zinc  (Zn)  and  Nickel  (Ni).  Calcium  is  the 
 most  abundant  mineral  in  the  body  with 
 99% found in teeth and bone. 
 Q.35.  Nuts,  vegetable  oil  and  ?sh  are  rich 
 sources of__________. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Omega-3  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) minerals  (d) vitamins 
 Sol.35.(a)  Omega-3.  Most  common 
 forms  of  carbohydrates  are  sugars,  ?bers 
 and  starches.  Minerals  which  are 
 essential  for  health  :  iron,  calcium, 
 magnesium, zinc, potassium etc. 
 Q.36.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 minerals – need is correct? 
 I. Iron – formation of hemoglobin 
 II. Sodium – proper functioning of thyroid 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only I 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Sol.36.(d)  Only  I.  Iodine  is  needed  to 
 make  a  hormone  called  thyroxine. 
 Biological  Importance  of  Sodium  :  For 
 the  generation  of  nerve  impulses,  For 
 maintenance  of  electrolyte  balance  and 
 ?uid  balance,  For  heart  activities  and 
 certain metabolic functions. 
 Q.37.  Which of the following vitamins is 
 absent in eggs ? 
 Higher Secondary 01/08/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Vitamin B  (b) Vitamin A 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin K 
 Sol.37.(c)  Vitamin  C  (ascorbic  acid)  is 
 found  in  citrus  fruit  (oranges),  peppers, 
 strawberries,  blackcurrants,  broccoli, 
 brussels sprouts, potatoes etc. 
 Q.38.  Which  amino  acid  is  essential  for 
 healthy  skin  and  teeth,  as  it  is  a 
 component  of  tooth  enamel,  collagen 
 and elastin? 
 Graduate Level 01/08/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Leucine  (b) Arginine 
 (c) Phenylalanine    (d) Threonine 
 Sol.38.(d)  Threonine  used  in  the 
 biosynthesis  of  proteins.  Leucine  is  an 
 essential  amino  acid  for  protein 
 synthesis.  Arginine  is  used  for  the 
 treatment  of  heart  and  blood  vessel 
 conditions  including  congestive  heart 
 failure  (CHF),  chest  pain,  high  blood 
 pressure,  etc.  Phenylalanine  is  used  for  a 
 disorder  that  causes  white  patches  to 
 develop on the skin (vitiligo). 
 Q.39.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 micronutrient,  and  plays  a  role  in  cell 
 division,  cell  growth,  wound  healing  and 
 the breakdown of carbohydrates? 
 Higher Secondary 03/08/2022 (Shift - 4  ) 
 (a) Fe  (b) Zn  (c) Cu  (d) Ca 
 Sol.39.(b)  Zn.  Functions  of 
 Macronutrients  in  Plants  :  Nitrogen 
 (required  in  large  amounts,  taken  in  the 
 form  of  ions,  required  for  the  division  of 
 cells),  Phosphorus  (a  constituent  of  cell 
 membranes),  Magnesium  (involved  in  the 
 activation  of  enzymes  in  respiration  and 
 photosynthesis  and  helps  in  the 
 synthesis  of  DNA  and  RNA),  Sulfur  (an 
 important  constituent  of  amino  acids, 
 coenzymes,  and  vitamins),  Potassium 
 (required  for  the  opening  and  closing  of 
 stomata). 
 Q.40.  Which vitamins are present in Milk? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) A, C and D  (b) C, D and E 
 (c) C, K and D  (d) A, B and D 
 Sol.40.(d)  Vitamin  A,  B  and  D.  Milk  is  a 
 good source of  thiamine, ribo?avin and 
 cobalamin.  It  contains  the  fat  soluble 
 vitamins A, D, E, and K. 
 Q.41.  Match column A With column B. 
 Column - A 
 (Vitamin) 
 Column - B 
 (Source) 
 i. Vitamin A  a. Carrot, mango, papaya 
 ii. Vitamin B  b. Whole grain bread 
 and nuts 
 iii. Vitamin C  c. Citrus fruits, red and 
 green pepper 
 iv. Vitamin D  d. Egg yolk, soya product 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 ( Evening) 
 (a) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d       (b) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a 
 (c) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d       (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.41.(d) i - a , ii - b , iii - c , iv - d. 
 Q.42.  What  components  are  often  called 
 the  building  blocks  of  the  body  that  play 
 a  vital  role  in  helping  to  repair  and 
 strengthen  muscle  tissues  after 
 exercise? 
 SSC CHSL 03/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Carbohydrates   (b) Micronutrients 
 (c) Fats  (d) Proteins 
 Sol.42.(d)  Proteins.  Three  important 
 building  blocks  of  the  body  are  amino 
 acids,  lipids,  and  nucleotides.  Uses  : 
 development  of  muscles  and  organs, 
 production  of  hormones  and  antibodies, 
 storage of fat, and production of energy. 
 Q.43.  Which  is  a  major  essential 
 lipophilic  (fat-soluble)  vitamin  required 
 for  the  protection  of  cell  membranes  and 
 the formation of red blood cells (RBCs)? 
 SSC CHSL 10/06/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Vitamin A  (b) Vitamin C 
 (c) Vitamin D  (d) Vitamin E 
 Sol.43.(d)  Vitamin  E  (Tocopherol)  is  a 
 nutrient  that's  important  to  vision, 
 reproduction,  and  the  health  of  blood, 
 brain and skin. 
 Q.44.  A  typical  adult  human  body 
 contains about ______ of magnesium. 
 SSC CGL 13/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) 20 g  (b) 10 g   (c) 15 g    (d) 25 g 
 Sol.44.(d)  25  g.  Magnesium  is  required 
 for  the  proper  growth  and  maintenance 
 of  bones.  Magnesium  helps  keep  blood 
 pressure  normal,  bones  strong,  and  the 
 heart rhythm steady. 
 Q.45.  Starch  and  sugar  in  our  food  are 
 forms of _____. 
 SSC MTS 06/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Protein            (b) fat 
 (c) Vitamins         (d) Carbohydrate 
 Sol.45.(d)  Carbohydrates  are  the  main 
 source  of  energy  for  the  body.  They  are 
 sugars,  starches  and  dietary  ?bers  that 
 are  found  in  plant  foods  and  dairy 
 products. 
 Q.46.  When  the  breakdown  of  food 
 (glucose)  occurs  without  the  use  of 
 oxygen, it is called: 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) aerobic respiration 
 (b) cellular respiration 
 (c) capillary respiration 
 (d) anaerobic respiration 
 Sol.46.(d)  Anaerobic  respiration  .  Aerobic 
 respiration  -  The  process  by  which 
 organisms  use  oxygen  to  turn  fuel,  such 
 as  fats  and  sugars,  into  chemical  energy. 
 Cellular  respiration  -  The  process  by 
 which  organisms  combine  oxygen  with 
 foodstuff  molecules.  Capillary 
 respiration  -  Blood  from  the  heart  ?ows 
 through  these  capillaries  and  collects 
 oxygen from the alveoli. 
 Q.47.  Which  organism  among  the 
 following  breaks  down  the  food  material 
 outside the body and then absorbs it? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Ticks (b) Leeches (c) Yeast (d) Lice 
 Sol.47.(c)  Yeast  .  Mushroom,  Yeast,  and 
 Bread  mould  are  saprophytic.  They  break 
 down  food  outside  the  body  and  absorb 
 the simpler digested particles. 
 Q.48.  From  which  of  the  following 
 sources does the brain get energy? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Nucleic acids         (b) Fatty acids 
 (c) Amino acids           (d) Glucose 
 Sol.48.(d)  Glucose  .  Glucose  is  oxidised 
 through  glycolysis  and  oxidative 
 phosphorylation  to  produce  ATP  by 
 mitochondria . 
 Nutrition in Plants 
 Q.49.  Which  natural  bioactive 
 water-soluble  phenolic  compound  is 
 present  in  Fruits,  vegetables  and  grains 
 with red, purple, blue or black hues? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Coumarins  (b) Anthocyanins 
 (c) Quercetin  (d) Naringenin 
 Sol.49.(b)  Anthocyanin  (Pigment  found 
 in  plants).  They’re  part  of  a  larger 
 category  of  plant-based  chemicals  called 
 ?avonoids.  Foods  with  high  anthocyanin 
 :  Fruits  -  Pomegranates,  Black  plums, 
 Cherries,  black  and  red  grapes  etc; 
 Vegetables  -  Red  cabbage,  Red  onions, 
 Purple  corn  etc;  Legumes  and  Rice  - 
 Black  rice,  Black  beans  etc.  Coumarins  - 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Biology 
 Scientific Name 
 Q.1.  What  is  the  scienti?c  name  of  the 
 banyan  tree,  a  large  evergreen  tree  of 
 Asia  characterised  by  its  trunk-like  aerial 
 roots? 
 SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Ficus benghalensis 
 (b) Gossypium herbaceum 
 (c) Santalum album 
 (d) Ananas comosus 
 Sol.1.(a)  Ficus  benghalensis  :  Family  - 
 Moraceae,  Order  -  Rosales,  Kingdom  - 
 Plantae.  Gossypium  herbaceum  :  Levant 
 cotton,  Family  -  Malvaceae,  Order  - 
 Malvales.  Santalum  album  :  Indian 
 Sandalwood,  Family:  Santalaceae,  Order  - 
 Santalales.  Ananas  comosus  :  Pineapple, 
 Family - Bromeliaceae, Order - Poales. 
 Q.2.  Match the columns. 
 Column-A 
 (Class) 
 Column-B 
 (Common name) 
 i.Chlorophyceae  a. Brown algae 
 ii. Phaeophyceae  b. Green algae 
 iii. Rhodophyceae  c. Blue-green algae 
 iv. Cyanophyceae  d. Red algae 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d   (b) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 
 (c) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a   (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.2.(b)  i-b,  ii-a,  iii-d,  iv-c.  Divisions  of 
 Algae  and  their  Main  Characteristics  : 
 Chlorophyceae  (Green  algae)  :  Major 
 pigments  -  Chlorophyll,  Stored  Food  - 
 Starch,  Example  -  Spirogyra. 
 Phaeophyceae  (Brown  algae)  :  Pigment  - 
 fucoxanthin,  Stored  food  -  Mannitol, 
 Laminarin,  Example  -  Sargassum, 
 Laminaria.  Rhodophyceae  (Red  algae)  : 
 Pigment  -  Phycoerythrin,  Stored  Food  - 
 Floridean  starch,  Example  -  Gracilaria 
 and Gelidium. 
 Q.3.  Which  of  the  following  is  another 
 name  for  starch  found  mainly  in  the  pulp 
 of  seeds,  fruits,  tubers,  roots  and  stems 
 of  plants,  especially  in  corn,  potatoes, 
 wheat and rice? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Amylum  (b) Xanthan 
 (c) Olestra  (d) Saponin 
 Sol.3.(a)  Amylum  -  A  polymeric 
 carbohydrate  consisting  of  numerous 
 glucose  units  joined  by  glycosidic  bonds. 
 Olestra  (Olean)  -  Fat  substitute  that 
 doesn't  add  any  calories  to  products. 
 Saponins  -  They  are  naturally  occurring 
 compounds  that  are  widely  distributed  in 
 all  cells  of  legume  plants.  Xanthan 
 (polysaccharide)  produced  from  simple 
 sugars  using  a  fermentation  process. 
 Uses  -  common  food  additive,  thickening 
 agent,  emulsi?er,  and  stabiliser  that 
 prevents ingredients from separating. 
 Q.4.  What  is  the  common  term  for 
 Ancylostoma? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Tapeworm  (b) Roundworm 
 (c) Filaria worm  (d) Hookworm 
 Sol.4.(d)  Hookworm.  Ancylostoma  is  a 
 genus  of  parasitic  nematodes 
 (roundworms)  that  primarily  infect 
 mammals.  These  worms  are  intestinal 
 parasites  and  are  transmitted  to  humans 
 through  contact  with  contaminated  soil 
 or  sand  where  the  larvae  are  present. 
 Tapeworm  :  genus  -  Taenia,  Examples  - 
 Taenia  solium  (pork  tapeworm)  and 
 Taenia  saginata  (beef  tapeworm).  Filaria 
 worms belong to the family Filarioidea. 
 Q.5.  Solanum  lycopersicum  L.  is  the 
 scienti?c  name  of  which  of  the  following 
 highly consumed vegetables? 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Potato (b) Tomato (c) Onion (d) Garlic 
 Sol.5.(b)  Tomato.  Potato  -  Solanum 
 tuberosum,  Onion  -  Allium  cepa,  and 
 Garlic - Allium sativum. 
 Q.6.  What  is  the  common  name  of 
 Parthenium hysterophorus? 
 SSC CHSL 01/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Lemon grass  (b) Lawn grass 
 (c) Horse grass  (d) Carrot grass 
 Sol.6.(d)  Carrot  Grass.  Lemon  grass  - 
 Cymbopogon,  Lawn Grass - Poaceae, 
 Horsetails - Equisetum. 
 Q.7.  Oleo  gum  resin  (Asafoetida)  can  be 
 obtained from: 
 SSC CHSL 06/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) dried latex from the stem of ferula 
 (b) dried latex from the roots of mango 
 tree 
 (c) dried latex from the banana leaves 
 (d) dried latex from the tap root of ferula 
 Sol.7.(d)  Oleo-gum-resin  (Asafoetida) 
 can  be  obtained  from  the  exudates  of  the 
 roots  of  the  Iranian  endemic  medicinal 
 plant,  Ferula  asafoetida.  It  has  cytotoxic, 
 antiulcer,  anti-neoplasm,  anti-cancer,  and 
 anti-oxidative effects. 
 Q.8.  The  scienti?c  name  for  the  domestic 
 ______ is Canis lupus familiaris. 
 SSC CGL 20/04/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) buffalo    (b) cat    (c) dog    (d) cow 
 Sol.8.(c)  Dog.  Bubalus  bubalis  -  Buffalo, 
 Felis catus - Cat, Bos taurus - Cow. 
 Q.9.  What  is  the  botanical  name  of 
 mango? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Mangifera indica       (b) Cocos nucifera 
 (c) Monoon longifolium (d) Casuarina 
 Sol.9.(a)  Mangifera  indica  .  Botanical 
 Names  :  Cocos  nucifera  (Coconut), 
 Monoon  longifolium  (False  Ashoka), 
 Saraca  asoca  (Ashoka  tree),  Casuarina 
 (Australian pine). 
 Nutrition in Animals 
 Q.10.  Select  the  INCORRECT  statement 
 with regards to vitamins. 
 SSC CHSL Tier II  02/11/2023 
 (a) Plants can synthesise almost all 
 vitamins. 
 (b) Vitamins are organic compounds. 
 (c) Some bacteria in the gut do not 
 produce vitamins. 
 (d) Most of the vitamins cannot get 
 synthesised in su?cient amounts in 
 our body. 
 Sol.10.(c)  Gut  bacteria  helps  in  supplying 
 essential  nutrients,  synthesising  vitamin 
 K,  aiding  in  the  digestion  of  cellulose. 
 Vitamins  A,  D,  E  and  K  are  fat-soluble  and 
 vitamins  C  and  B  (complex  group 
 vitamins) are water- soluble. 
 Q.11.  Which  essential  micronutrient 
 plays  a  clear  role  in  the  synthesis, 
 storage  and  secretion  of  insulin  in  the 
 hexameric  form  as  well  as  in  the 
 conformational integrity of insulin? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Zinc                    (b) Fluoride 
 (c) Selenium           (d) Phosphorus 
 Sol.11.(a)  Zinc.  Micronutrients  are 
 vitamins  and  minerals  needed  by  the 
 body  in  very  small  amounts.  Role  of 
 some  micronutrients  in  our  body  : 
 Fluoride  inhibits  the  initiation  and 
 progression  of  dental  caries  (tooth 
 decay)  and  stimulates  new  bone 
 formation.  Selenium  (Se)  plays  a  critical 
 role  in  reproduction,  thyroid  hormone 
 metabolism,  DNA  synthesis,  and 
 protection  from  oxidative  damage  and 
 infection  .  Phosphorus  is  a  component  of 
 bones, teeth, DNA, and RNA. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  was  the  ?rst 
 B  vitamin  discovered  in  1897  that  is 
 essential  in  amino  acid  and  carbohydrate 
 metabolism  and  is  active  in  energy 
 production reactions? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Thiamine            (b) Folate 
 (c) Ribo?avin           (d) Biotin 
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 Pinnacle  Biology 
 Sol.12.(a)  Thiamine.  Casimir  Funk  is 
 considered  as  the  'Father  of  vitamin 
 therapy'.  Vitamin  B  :  B 
 1 
 (thiamin),  B 
 2 
 (ribo?avin),  B 
 3 
 (niacin),  B 
 5 
 (pantothenic 
 acid),  B 
 6 
 (pyridoxine),  B 
 7 
 (biotin),  B 
 9 
 (folic 
 acid),  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin).  Fat-soluble 
 Vitamins  :  A,  D,  E,  and  K.  Water-Soluble 
 Vitamins - B and C. 
 Q.13.  What  is  the  most  important  health 
 bene?t of Vitamin D ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Strengthening of bones and muscles 
 (b) Reducing the blood pressure 
 (c) Elevation of heartbeat 
 (d) Rapid growth after teenage years 
 Sol.13.(a)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  :  Source 
 -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat,  etc. 
 De?ciency  Diseases  -  Rickets.  Symptoms 
 -  weak  and  painful  bones,  Deformities  in 
 teeth, Pain in the bones. 
 Q.14.  The  food  component  present  in 
 sugar is: 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) fats                         (b) vitamins 
 (c) carbohydrates      (d) protein 
 Sol.14.(c)  Carbohydrates.  Sugar 
 molecules  found  in  foods  and  drinks.  The 
 body  breaks  down  carbohydrates  into 
 glucose  (main  source  of  energy  for  the 
 body).  Source  -  Breads,  beans,  milk, 
 popcorn,  potatoes,  cookies,  spaghetti, 
 soft  drinks,  corn,  etc.  Vitamins  -  Group  of 
 substances  that  are  needed  for  normal 
 cell  function,  growth,  and  development. 
 Proteins are made up of amino acids. 
 Q.15.  Milk,  seafood,  nuts  and  whole 
 grains  contain  high  amounts  of  which 
 mineral  that  supports  bone  health  and 
 our body's repair process? 
 SSC MTS 05/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Fluoride             (b) Potassium 
 (c) phosphorus      (d) Zinc 
 Sol.15.(c)  Phosphorus.  Other  Minerals 
 found  in  Milk  :  Calcium,  Magnesium, 
 Potassium,  Selenium  and  Zinc.  Vitamin  C 
 (ascorbic  acid)  is  absent  in  Milk. 
 Minerals  and  their  sources  :  Iron  - 
 Spinach,  dry  nuts  and  seeds,  Legumes 
 (chickpeas  and  lentils).  Zinc  -  Pumpkin 
 seeds, Eggs, Whole Grains. 
 Q.16  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 prevents  major  birth  defects  of  the  brain 
 and spine of a newborn baby? 
 SSC MTS 12/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin E             (b) Vitamin A 
 (c) Vitamin C             (d) Folic acid 
 Sol.16.(d)  Folic  Acid  (Vitamin  -  B9)  :  It 
 helps  to  prevent  and  cure  low  levels  of 
 folates.  Folates  play  an  important  role  in 
 forming  red  blood  cells  and  maintaining 
 brain  health.  Sources  -  Dark  green  leafy 
 vegetables,  beans,  peanuts,  fruits,  whole 
 grains. 
 Q.17.  Carbohydrates  are  utilised  by  the 
 human body in the form of: 
 SSC MTS 14/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) glucose             (b) nucleotides 
 (c) ?bre                   (d) amino acids 
 Sol.17.(a)  Glucose  -  The  main  type  of 
 sugar  in  the  blood  and  is  the  major 
 source  of  energy  for  the  body's  cells.  A 
 nucleotide  is  the  basic  building  block  of 
 nucleic  acids  {RNA  (Ribonucleic  acid) 
 and  DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic  acid)}.  Fibre 
 is  a  type  of  carbohydrate  that  the  body 
 can't  digest.  Amino  acids  are  organic 
 compounds  that  contain  both  amino  and 
 carboxylic  acid  functional  groups;  Break 
 down  food,  Grow  and  repair  body  tissue, 
 Make hormones and brain chemicals. 
 Q.18.  What  is  the  monomer  unit  of 
 glycogen? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Fructose              (b) Glucose 
 (c) Galactose            (d) Mannose 
 Sol.18.(b)  Glucose  (C 
 6 
 H 
 12 
 O 
 6 
 ).  Glycogen  : 
 The  carbohydrates  are  stored  in  the 
 animal  body  as  glycogen  .  Also  known  as 
 animal  starch  because  its  structure  is 
 similar  to  amylopectin  and  is  rather  more 
 highly  branched.  It  is  present  in  the  liver, 
 muscles  and  brain.  When  the  body  needs 
 glucose,  enzymes  break  the  glycogen 
 down  to  glucose.  Found  in  yeast  and 
 fungi.  Fructose  -  It  is  a  natural 
 monosaccharide  found  in  fruits,  honey 
 and vegetables. 
 Q.19.  Which  vitamin  is  synthesized  in  the 
 presence of sunlight in our body ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B            (b) Vitamin C 
 (c) Vitamin D            (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.19.(c)  Vitamin  D  :  Sources  -  sunlight, 
 oily  ?sh,  milk.  De?ciency  disease  - 
 Rickets  (bone  become  soft).  Vitamin  and 
 Sources  -  Vitamin  A  :  Source  -  Milk, 
 butter,  cheese,  Cod  liver  oil,  Green  leafy 
 vegetables.  De?ciency  disease  -  Night 
 blindness.  Vitamin  B  :  Source  -  Fish  Eggs, 
 Dairy  Products,  Green  vegetables. 
 De?ciency  diseases  -  Beri  beri.  Vitamin  C 
 :  Source  -  Citrus  (oranges,  kiwi,  lemon, 
 grapefruit),  Tomatoes,  Strawberries. 
 De?ciency  disease  -  Scurvy  (gums  swell 
 and bleed). 
 Q.20.  Which  essential  amino  acid  is 
 necessary  for  the  production  of  our 
 brain’s  chemical  messengers  including 
 melatonin,  dopamine,  noradrenaline  and 
 thyroxine? 
 SSC CHSL 17/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Leucine              (b) Phenylalanine 
 (c) Tryptophan        (d) Valine 
 Sol.20.(b)  Phenylalanine  is  an  essential 
 amino  acid  to  make  proteins  and  other 
 vital  molecules  such  as 
 neurotransmitters  and  hormones. 
 Leucine  amino  acids  can  be  used  by 
 skeletal  muscle  to  give  energy  during 
 exercise.  Tryptophan  is  an  amino  acid 
 needed  for  normal  growth  in  infants  and 
 for  the  production  and  maintenance  of 
 the  body's  proteins,  muscles,  enzymes, 
 and neurotransmitters. 
 Q.21.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  match  of  column-A  with 
 column-B? 
 Column-A 
 (Nutrients) 
 Column-B 
 (Source) 
 i. Protein rich food.  a. Wheat 
 ii. Fat rich food  b. Lemon 
 iii. Carbohydrate rich 
 food 
 c. Egg white 
 iv. Vitamin C rich 
 food 
 d. Butter and 
 cheese 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d  (b) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a 
 (c) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b  (d) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a 
 Sol.21.(c)  i-c,  ii-d,  iii-a,  iv-b.  Important 
 Nutrients  in  Food  and  their  functions  : 
 Carbohydrates  -  One  of  the  main  sources 
 of  energy  for  human  beings.  Three  types 
 of  carbohydrates  in  food  -  Fiber,  Sugar, 
 and  Starch.  Iron  -  It  is  a  constituent  of 
 our  red  blood  cells  whose  function  is  to 
 carry  oxygen  from  our  lungs  to  organs, 
 muscles, and cells. 
 Q.22.  Vitamins and minerals are helpful 
 for which of the following? 
 SSC CGL 24/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Proper breathing 
 (b) Proper sweating 
 (c) Proper fat storage 
 (d) Carry out metabolic reactions in our 
 body 
 Sol.22.(d)  Vitamins  and  their  sources  : 
 Vitamin  A  -  Milk,  egg.  Vitamin  D  -  Cheese, 
 butter,  milk.  Vitamin  E  -  Vegetable  oils, 
 lettuce,  turnip  leaves.  Vitamin  K  - 
 spinach  and  soybeans.  Vitamin  B  - 
 Seafood,  milk,  meat,  peas.  Minerals  and 
 their  sources  :  Iron  -  Meat,  ?sh,  liver, 
 eggs,  turnip,  germinating  wheat  grains 
 and  yeast.  Calcium  -  Milk.  Phosphorus  - 
 Meat, egg, ?sh, whole grains. 
 Q.23  As per the dietary guidelines 
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 recommended  by  doctors,  the  RDA  for 
 cholesterol  intake  in  healthy  adults  and 
 children  above  four  years  of  age  is  ______ 
 mg/day. 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023( 2nd shift) 
 (a) 400  (b) 600  (c) 500  (d) 300 
 Sol.23.(d)  300.  Cholesterol  -  A  waxy 
 substance  found  in  the  blood.  The  body 
 needs  cholesterol  to  build  healthy  cells.  It 
 comes  from  two  sources  :  The  liver  and 
 foods  from  animals  (meat,  poultry  and 
 dairy  products).  A  high  level  of 
 cholesterol  can  develop  fatty  deposits  in 
 the blood vessels. 
 Q.24.  Which  water-soluble  vitamin  found 
 in  various  foods,  including  liver,  milk, 
 eggs  and  ?sh,  helps  to  keep  your  body's 
 blood and nerve cells healthy? 
 Matric Level 27/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin B 
 12 
 (c) Vitamin E  (d) Vitamin A 
 Sol.24.(b)  Vitamin  B 
 12 
 (cobalamin)  . 
 Sources  -  Meat,  Fish,  eggs,  and  dairy 
 products.  It  helps  in  forming  RBC. 
 De?ciency  of  this  vitamin  causes 
 symptoms  like  tingling  in  the  tongue, 
 anemia,  white  patches  on  the  skin, 
 mouth ulcers and shortness of breath. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 helps to keep our skin and eyes healthy? 
 SSC MTS 02/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Vitamin A  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin B 
 Sol.25.(a)  Vitamin  A.  De?ciency 
 Diseases  -  Night  blindness,  Irregular 
 growth of teeth. 
 Q.26.  Which  among  the  following 
 vitamins in?uences iron absorption? 
 SSC MTS 09/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Vitamin B  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin K 
 Sol.26.(c)  Vitamin  C  (Water  soluble). 
 Scienti?c  name  :  Ascorbic  acid  (C 
 6 
 H 
 8 
 O 
 6 
 ) 
 or  ascorbate.  It  acts  as  an  antioxidant 
 and  helps  wound  healing.  It  also  helps  in 
 the  formation  of  collagen.  It  is  used  to 
 purify  water  after  it  has  been 
 Iodine-treated. 
 Q.27  .  Which  of  the  following  vitamins 
 helps  our  body  to  use  calcium  for  bones 
 and teeth? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin D 
 (c) Vitamin A  (d) Vitamin E 
 Sol.27.(b)  Vitamin  D  (Calciferol)  -  It  helps 
 prevent  Osteoporosis  (a  disease  that 
 thins  and  weakens  the  bones  and  makes 
 them  brittle  and  more  likely  to  break). 
 Source  -  Oily  ?sh,  egg  yolks,  red  meat, 
 etc. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'mineral - source' is correct? 
 I. Vitamin A - Papaya        II. Iron - Spinach 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Only II 
 Sol.28.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  Vitamin  A  -  Milk, 
 Eggs,  Fish,  Butter,  Forti?ed  Margarine, 
 Cheese,  Green  &  Yellow  fruits  and 
 Vegetables,  etc.  Vitamin  E  -  Meats, 
 Poultry,  Eggs,  Vegetable  oils,  Nuts,  Olives, 
 Tomatoes,  etc.  Zinc  -  Liver,  Eggs,  Cereals 
 and Seafood. 
 Q.29.  Which  among  the  following 
 Vitamins is known as Niacin ? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin B2  (b) Vitamin B1 
 (c) Vitamin B4  (d) Vitamin B3 
 Sol.29.(d)  Vitamin  B3.  Niacin  is  the 
 generic  name  for  nicotinic  acid  (pyridine  - 
 3-carboxylic  acid),  nicotinamide 
 (niacinamide or pyridin-3-carboxamide). 
 Q.30.  Which  among  the  following  is  a  fat 
 soluble vitamin? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Vitamin C  (b) Vitamin B2 
 (c) Vitamin B4  (d) Vitamin D 
 Sol.30.(d)  Vitamin  D  promotes  calcium 
 absorption  in  the  intestine  and  maintains 
 adequate  serum  calcium  and  phosphate 
 concentrations  to  enable  normal  bone 
 mineralization  and  to  prevent 
 hypocalcemic  tetany  (involuntary 
 contraction  of  muscles,  leading  to 
 cramps and spasms). 
 Q.31.  Match the columns. 
 Nutrients  Examples 
 a. Protein  i. Calcium, 
 Phosphorous 
 b. Carbohydrate  ii. Cholesterol 
 c. Fat  iii. Glucose 
 d. Minerals  iv. Myosin 
 SSC CGL Tier II  (07/03/2023) 
 (a) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv      (b) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i 
 (c) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv      (d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i 
 Sol.31.(d)  a-iv,  b-iii,  c-ii,  d-i  . 
 Carbohydrate  :  It  consists  of  sugar, 
 starch,  and  ?ber.  Two  types  -  Simple 
 Carbohydrates  (Monosaccharides, 
 Disaccharides,  Oligosaccharides)  and 
 Complex  Carbohydrate.  Fat  -  It  is  a 
 macronutrient  essential  for  energy 
 storage,  insulation,  and  the  absorption  of 
 certain vitamins. 
 Q.32.  Match Column-A with Column-B. 
 Column-A (Vitamin)  Alternative Name 
 i. Vitamin A  a.  Ascorbic 
 ii. Vitamin B12  b.  Retinol 
 iii. Vitamin C  c. Cobalamin 
 iv. Vitamin D  d. Ergocalciferol 
 SSC CGL  01/12/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d  (b) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 (c) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a  (d) i-b, ii-c, iii,-a, iv-d 
 Sol.32.(d)  i-b, ii-c, iii,-a, iv-d. 
 Q.33.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is correct? 
 I.  The  nutrition  requirements  of 
 adolescents are higher than adults. 
 II.  Adolescents  are  generally  grouped  in 
 the age group of 10 to 19 years. 
 SSC CGL  02/12/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Only II                           (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.33.(b)  Both  I  and  II.  Adolescence  is 
 the  period  of  transition  between 
 childhood  and  adulthood  and  is  a  crucial 
 developmental  stage  for  our  mental 
 well-being. 
 Q.34.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  (type 
 of nutrient – nutrient) is correct ? 
 I. Macronutrient – Iron 
 II. Micronutrient – Calcium 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Neither I nor II   (d) Only II 
 Sol.34.(d)  Only  II.  Macronutrients  : 
 Carbohydrates,  Fats,  calcium  and 
 Proteins.  Micronutrients  :  Boron  (B), 
 Chlorine  (CI),  Copper  (Cu),  Iron  (Fe), 
 Manganese  (Mn),  Molybdenum  (Mo), 
 Zinc  (Zn)  and  Nickel  (Ni).  Calcium  is  the 
 most  abundant  mineral  in  the  body  with 
 99% found in teeth and bone. 
 Q.35.  Nuts,  vegetable  oil  and  ?sh  are  rich 
 sources of__________. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Omega-3  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) minerals  (d) vitamins 
 Sol.35.(a)  Omega-3.  Most  common 
 forms  of  carbohydrates  are  sugars,  ?bers 
 and  starches.  Minerals  which  are 
 essential  for  health  :  iron,  calcium, 
 magnesium, zinc, potassium etc. 
 Q.36.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 minerals – need is correct? 
 I. Iron – formation of hemoglobin 
 II. Sodium – proper functioning of thyroid 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only I 
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 Sol.36.(d)  Only  I.  Iodine  is  needed  to 
 make  a  hormone  called  thyroxine. 
 Biological  Importance  of  Sodium  :  For 
 the  generation  of  nerve  impulses,  For 
 maintenance  of  electrolyte  balance  and 
 ?uid  balance,  For  heart  activities  and 
 certain metabolic functions. 
 Q.37.  Which of the following vitamins is 
 absent in eggs ? 
 Higher Secondary 01/08/2022 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Vitamin B  (b) Vitamin A 
 (c) Vitamin C  (d) Vitamin K 
 Sol.37.(c)  Vitamin  C  (ascorbic  acid)  is 
 found  in  citrus  fruit  (oranges),  peppers, 
 strawberries,  blackcurrants,  broccoli, 
 brussels sprouts, potatoes etc. 
 Q.38.  Which  amino  acid  is  essential  for 
 healthy  skin  and  teeth,  as  it  is  a 
 component  of  tooth  enamel,  collagen 
 and elastin? 
 Graduate Level 01/08/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Leucine  (b) Arginine 
 (c) Phenylalanine    (d) Threonine 
 Sol.38.(d)  Threonine  used  in  the 
 biosynthesis  of  proteins.  Leucine  is  an 
 essential  amino  acid  for  protein 
 synthesis.  Arginine  is  used  for  the 
 treatment  of  heart  and  blood  vessel 
 conditions  including  congestive  heart 
 failure  (CHF),  chest  pain,  high  blood 
 pressure,  etc.  Phenylalanine  is  used  for  a 
 disorder  that  causes  white  patches  to 
 develop on the skin (vitiligo). 
 Q.39.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 micronutrient,  and  plays  a  role  in  cell 
 division,  cell  growth,  wound  healing  and 
 the breakdown of carbohydrates? 
 Higher Secondary 03/08/2022 (Shift - 4  ) 
 (a) Fe  (b) Zn  (c) Cu  (d) Ca 
 Sol.39.(b)  Zn.  Functions  of 
 Macronutrients  in  Plants  :  Nitrogen 
 (required  in  large  amounts,  taken  in  the 
 form  of  ions,  required  for  the  division  of 
 cells),  Phosphorus  (a  constituent  of  cell 
 membranes),  Magnesium  (involved  in  the 
 activation  of  enzymes  in  respiration  and 
 photosynthesis  and  helps  in  the 
 synthesis  of  DNA  and  RNA),  Sulfur  (an 
 important  constituent  of  amino  acids, 
 coenzymes,  and  vitamins),  Potassium 
 (required  for  the  opening  and  closing  of 
 stomata). 
 Q.40.  Which vitamins are present in Milk? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) A, C and D  (b) C, D and E 
 (c) C, K and D  (d) A, B and D 
 Sol.40.(d)  Vitamin  A,  B  and  D.  Milk  is  a 
 good source of  thiamine, ribo?avin and 
 cobalamin.  It  contains  the  fat  soluble 
 vitamins A, D, E, and K. 
 Q.41.  Match column A With column B. 
 Column - A 
 (Vitamin) 
 Column - B 
 (Source) 
 i. Vitamin A  a. Carrot, mango, papaya 
 ii. Vitamin B  b. Whole grain bread 
 and nuts 
 iii. Vitamin C  c. Citrus fruits, red and 
 green pepper 
 iv. Vitamin D  d. Egg yolk, soya product 
 SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 ( Evening) 
 (a) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d       (b) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a 
 (c) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d       (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.41.(d) i - a , ii - b , iii - c , iv - d. 
 Q.42.  What  components  are  often  called 
 the  building  blocks  of  the  body  that  play 
 a  vital  role  in  helping  to  repair  and 
 strengthen  muscle  tissues  after 
 exercise? 
 SSC CHSL 03/06/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Carbohydrates   (b) Micronutrients 
 (c) Fats  (d) Proteins 
 Sol.42.(d)  Proteins.  Three  important 
 building  blocks  of  the  body  are  amino 
 acids,  lipids,  and  nucleotides.  Uses  : 
 development  of  muscles  and  organs, 
 production  of  hormones  and  antibodies, 
 storage of fat, and production of energy. 
 Q.43.  Which  is  a  major  essential 
 lipophilic  (fat-soluble)  vitamin  required 
 for  the  protection  of  cell  membranes  and 
 the formation of red blood cells (RBCs)? 
 SSC CHSL 10/06/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Vitamin A  (b) Vitamin C 
 (c) Vitamin D  (d) Vitamin E 
 Sol.43.(d)  Vitamin  E  (Tocopherol)  is  a 
 nutrient  that's  important  to  vision, 
 reproduction,  and  the  health  of  blood, 
 brain and skin. 
 Q.44.  A  typical  adult  human  body 
 contains about ______ of magnesium. 
 SSC CGL 13/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) 20 g  (b) 10 g   (c) 15 g    (d) 25 g 
 Sol.44.(d)  25  g.  Magnesium  is  required 
 for  the  proper  growth  and  maintenance 
 of  bones.  Magnesium  helps  keep  blood 
 pressure  normal,  bones  strong,  and  the 
 heart rhythm steady. 
 Q.45.  Starch  and  sugar  in  our  food  are 
 forms of _____. 
 SSC MTS 06/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Protein            (b) fat 
 (c) Vitamins         (d) Carbohydrate 
 Sol.45.(d)  Carbohydrates  are  the  main 
 source  of  energy  for  the  body.  They  are 
 sugars,  starches  and  dietary  ?bers  that 
 are  found  in  plant  foods  and  dairy 
 products. 
 Q.46.  When  the  breakdown  of  food 
 (glucose)  occurs  without  the  use  of 
 oxygen, it is called: 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) aerobic respiration 
 (b) cellular respiration 
 (c) capillary respiration 
 (d) anaerobic respiration 
 Sol.46.(d)  Anaerobic  respiration  .  Aerobic 
 respiration  -  The  process  by  which 
 organisms  use  oxygen  to  turn  fuel,  such 
 as  fats  and  sugars,  into  chemical  energy. 
 Cellular  respiration  -  The  process  by 
 which  organisms  combine  oxygen  with 
 foodstuff  molecules.  Capillary 
 respiration  -  Blood  from  the  heart  ?ows 
 through  these  capillaries  and  collects 
 oxygen from the alveoli. 
 Q.47.  Which  organism  among  the 
 following  breaks  down  the  food  material 
 outside the body and then absorbs it? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Ticks (b) Leeches (c) Yeast (d) Lice 
 Sol.47.(c)  Yeast  .  Mushroom,  Yeast,  and 
 Bread  mould  are  saprophytic.  They  break 
 down  food  outside  the  body  and  absorb 
 the simpler digested particles. 
 Q.48.  From  which  of  the  following 
 sources does the brain get energy? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Nucleic acids         (b) Fatty acids 
 (c) Amino acids           (d) Glucose 
 Sol.48.(d)  Glucose  .  Glucose  is  oxidised 
 through  glycolysis  and  oxidative 
 phosphorylation  to  produce  ATP  by 
 mitochondria . 
 Nutrition in Plants 
 Q.49.  Which  natural  bioactive 
 water-soluble  phenolic  compound  is 
 present  in  Fruits,  vegetables  and  grains 
 with red, purple, blue or black hues? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Coumarins  (b) Anthocyanins 
 (c) Quercetin  (d) Naringenin 
 Sol.49.(b)  Anthocyanin  (Pigment  found 
 in  plants).  They’re  part  of  a  larger 
 category  of  plant-based  chemicals  called 
 ?avonoids.  Foods  with  high  anthocyanin 
 :  Fruits  -  Pomegranates,  Black  plums, 
 Cherries,  black  and  red  grapes  etc; 
 Vegetables  -  Red  cabbage,  Red  onions, 
 Purple  corn  etc;  Legumes  and  Rice  - 
 Black  rice,  Black  beans  etc.  Coumarins  - 
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 colourless  crystalline  solid,  sweet  odor, 
 bitter  taste.  Quercetin  -  bitter  ?avor,  used 
 in  dietary  supplements,  beverages  and 
 foods.  Naringenin  -  Anti-obesity, 
 anti-diabetic ?avonoid. 
 Q.50.  Which  of  the  following  nutrients  is 
 available mainly in apples? 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Co     (b) Na      (c) K     (d) S 
 Sol.50.(c)  K  (Potassium). 
 Potassium-rich  fruits  and  vegetables  : 
 Bananas,  oranges,  cantaloupe,  apricots, 
 grapefruit  (some  dried  fruits,  such  as 
 prunes,  raisins,  and  dates,  are  also  high 
 in  potassium).  Malic  acid  :  Found 
 primarily  in  apples.  It  is  a  dicarboxylic 
 acid  that  is  also  present  in  grapes,  wine 
 and rhubarb. 
 Q.51.  Which  of  the  following  grains 
 contain oryzenin? 
 SSC CHSL 17/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Barley                 (b) Wheat 
 (c) Soyabean          (d) Rice 
 Sol.51.(d)  Rice  -  A  source  of  protein  and 
 contains  various  vitamins,  such  as 
 thiamin  and  niacin,  and  minerals,  such  as 
 zinc  and  phosphorus.  Oryzenin  -  A  rice 
 glutelin,  is  an  important  constituent  of 
 rice  protein.  Glutelin  comprises  the  major 
 protein  fraction  of  the  rice  grain  and 
 constitutes  up  to  80%  of  the  total  protein. 
 Wheat  contains  protein,  B  vitamins, 
 dietary  ?ber,  and  phytochemicals. 
 Soyabean  is  high  in  protein  and  contains 
 vitamin  K1,  folate,  copper,  manganese, 
 phosphorus, and thiamine. 
 Q.52.  What  happens  to  the  guard  cells 
 when water ?ows into them? 
 SSC CGL 27/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) The guard cells close 
 (b) Stomatal pores open 
 (c) Stomatal pores shrink 
 (d) Stomatal pores close 
 Sol.52.(b)  Stomatal  pores  open.  Guard 
 cells  -  They  are  specialized  plant  cells  in 
 the  epidermis  of  leaves,  stems  and  other 
 organs  that  are  used  to  control  gas 
 exchange.  It  is  a  kidney  shaped  cell  that 
 surrounds  the  stomata.  It  contains 
 chloroplasts,  which  are  not  present  in 
 other  epidermal  cells.  Function  -  To  open 
 and  close  the  stomata,  help  regulate 
 transpiration,  and  protect  the  stomatal 
 pore. 
 Q.53.  Plants  that  are  adapted  to  live 
 under plenty of sunlight are called : 
 Graduate Level 28/06/2023 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) xerophytes  (b) heliophytes 
 (c) neophytes  (d) protophytes 
 Sol.53.(b)  Heliophytes.  Examples  - 
 Sun?owers,  thyme,  white  clover,  soft 
 velcro,  mullein.  Xerophytes  -  A  group  of 
 plants  that  are  adapted  to  survive  in  arid 
 regions  like  desert  and  snow  -  covered 
 areas.  Example  -  Cacti,  pineapple. 
 Pteridophytes  -  That  plants  have  a 
 vascular  system  and  reproduce  through 
 spores.  Example  -  Whisk  Fern,  Dicksonia, 
 Selaginella.  Neophytes  -  Plant  which  is 
 not  native  to  a  geographical  region  and 
 was  introduced  in  recent  history. 
 Example  -  Sweet  ?ag,  small  balsam, 
 cranberries. 
 Q.54.  The  leaves  have  a  green  pigment 
 called  ____________,  which  helps  leaves  to 
 capture the energy from the sunlight. 
 SSC MTS 02/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Cladophyll  (b) Chlorophyll 
 (c) Xanthophyll  (d) Cytoplasm 
 Sol.54.(b)  Chlorophyll  -  Element  present 
 in  chlorophyll  is  magnesium.  Cytoplasm  - 
 The  ?uid  inside  the  cell.  It  functions  as  a 
 cellular  metabolism,  transport,  and 
 storage  medium  while  providing 
 structural  support  and  facilitating  signal 
 transduction  within  the  cell.  Cladophyll  - 
 Shoot  system  in  which  leaves  do  not 
 develop.  Xanthophylls  are  yellow 
 pigments  that  are  one  of  the  important 
 divisions of the carotenoid group. 
 Q.55.  Which  plant  tissue  is  responsible 
 for  the  transportation  of  water  and 
 minerals  from  the  soil  to  the  stems  and 
 leaves? 
 SSC MTS 03/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Xylem  (b) Parenchyma 
 (c) Collenchyma  (d) Phloem 
 Sol.55.(a)  Xylem.  Xylem  and  phloem  are 
 the  two  vascular  tissues  that  are 
 responsible  for  the  transport  of 
 substances  in  plants.  Phloem  helps  in 
 the bidirectional transport of food  . 
 Q.56.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 ultimate  source  of  energy  for  all  living 
 organisms? 
 SSC MTS 11/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Soil  (b) Sun  (c) Water   (d) Air 
 Sol.56.(b)  Sun.  The  Sun  is  the  primary 
 source  of  energy  for  all  ecosystems.  In 
 the  terrestrial  ecosystem  Autotrophs 
 (plants)  get  energy  from  sunlight  and 
 provide  food  ?  Herbivores  (goat)  ? 
 Carnivores  (tiger).  In  aquatic  ecosystems 
 Phytoplankton  get  energy  from  sunlight 
 and  provide  food  ?  zooplankton  ? 
 ?shes. 
 Q.57.  The  mode  of  nutrition  in  which 
 organisms make food themselves from 
 simple substances is called ________. 
 SSC MTS 11/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) heterotrophic nutrition 
 (b) autotrophic nutrition 
 (c) saprotrophic nutrition 
 (d) phototrophic nutrition 
 Sol.57.(b)  Autotrophic  nutrition. 
 Examples  -  Plants,  algae  and  some 
 bacterias.  Heterotrophic  nutrition  - 
 Depends  upon  plants  or  other  organisms 
 for  nutrition.  Examples  -  Humans, 
 animals,  Cuscuta  (Amarbel). 
 Saprotrophic  nutrition  -  This  mode  of 
 nutrition  in  which  organisms  take  in 
 nutrients  from  dead  and  decaying  matter. 
 Examples  -  Fungi,  yeast,  and  several 
 bacteria.  Phototrophic  nutrition  - 
 Organisms  that  can  obtain  nutrition 
 using  light.  Examples  -  Green  plants, 
 blue-green algae. 
 Q.58.  Plants  require  nutrients  for  their 
 growth  which  can  be  supplied  through 
 _______ . 
 SSC MTS 15/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Soil and air only 
 (b) Soil, water and air 
 (c) Soil and water only 
 (d) Soil only 
 Sol.58.(b)  Soil,  water  and  air.  Three 
 elements  (carbon,  oxygen  and  hydrogen) 
 are  essential  to  plant  growth.  Soil  - 
 Supplies  not  only  minerals  but  also 
 harbours  nitrogen  -  ?xing  bacteria,  and 
 other  microbes,  holds  water,  supplies  air 
 to  the  roots  and  acts  as  a  matrix  that 
 stabilises the plant. 
 Q.59.  Water  comes  out  of  the  leaves  in 
 the  form  of  vapour  by  a  process  called 
 ______. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) creepers  (b) transportation 
 (c) venation  (d) transpiration 
 Sol.59.(d)  Transpiration.  Three  types  of 
 Transpiration  :  Stomatal  transpiration  - 
 Evaporation  of  water  through  stomata. 
 Lenticular  Transpiration  -  Evaporation  of 
 water  through  lenticels  (small  minute 
 openings  present  on  the  stem),  Cuticular 
 Transpiration  -  Loss  of  water  from  the 
 cuticle  (waxy  layer  on  the  surface  of 
 leaves). 
 Q.60.  The  broad,  green  part  of  the  leaf  is 
 called  . 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) lamina (b) petiole (c) veins (d) midrib 
 Sol.60.(a)  Lamina.  The  venation  of  leaves 
 is  the  process  of  arrangement  of  veins  and 
 veinlets.  Veins  carry  deoxygenated  blood 
 from  the  body's  tissues  back  to  the  heart 
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