SSC CGL Previous Year Questions (2023-20): Biology - 2 | SSC CGL Previous Year Papers PDF Download

 Page 1


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 stomach. 
 Q.300.  Breakdown  of  pyruvate  into  lactic 
 acid  and  energy  in  lack  of  Oxygen  takes 
 place in  Which of the following ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Bacteria          (b) Mitochondria 
 (c) Yeast               (d) Human muscle cells 
 Sol.300.(d)  Human  muscle  cells. 
 Anaerobic  respiration  -  It  is  the  partial 
 breakdown  of  glucose  into  acid  or 
 alcohol  along  with  carbon  dioxide  in  the 
 absence  of  oxygen.  Anaerobic 
 respiration  in  muscles  -  In  this  anaerobic 
 process,  glucose  is  partially  oxidized  to 
 pyruvate,  which  further  converts  into 
 lactic acids in muscles. 
 Q.301.  Which  of  the  following  is  correct 
 regarding the respiration? 
 I.  Regular  traditional  breathing  exercise 
 (pranayama)  can  increase  the  capacity  of 
 lungs to take in more air. 
 II.  During  inhalation,  ribs  move  up  and 
 outwards and diaphragm moves down. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.301.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  The  lungs  and 
 respiratory  system  allows  us  to 
 breathe.They  bring  oxygen  into  our 
 bodies  (called  inspiration  ,  or  inhalation) 
 and  send  carbon  dioxide  out  (called 
 expiration  ,  or  exhalation).  This  exchange 
 of  oxygen  and  carbon  dioxide  is  called 
 respiration  . 
 Q.302.  What  is  the  percentage  of  carbon 
 dioxide in the air exhaled by human lungs ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 3.2 %  (b) 5.9 %    (c) 2.3 %   (d) 4.4 % 
 Sol.302.(d)  4.4%.  Composition  of 
 exhaled  air  :  nitrogen  (78%)  oxygen  (17%) 
 carbon  dioxide  (4%)  other  gases  (1%). 
 Inhaled  air  is  by  volume:  78%  nitrogen, 
 20.95%  oxygen  and  small  amounts  of 
 other  gases  including  argon,  carbon 
 dioxide, neon, helium, and hydrogen. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  network  of  air  tubes 
 for gas exchange in insects? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Gills  (b) Diaphragm 
 (c) Tracheae            (d) Spiracles 
 Sol.303.(c)  Tracheae  .  Gills  are 
 evaginated  respiratory  surfaces  used  for 
 breathing  in  water.  The  diaphragm, 
 located  below  the  lungs,  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Spiracles  are  the 
 small  opening  on  the  lateral  side  of  the 
 body  through  which  air  enters  the 
 tracheal system. 
 Digestive system 
 Q.304.  Identify  the  function  of  lipase  in 
 the process of digestion. 
 SSC CGL 20/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Breaking down roughage 
 (b) Breaking down emulsi?ed fats 
 (c) Secreting intestinal ?uids 
 (d) Digesting proteins 
 Sol.304.(b)  Lipase  is  the  enzyme  that 
 breaks  down  the  lipids  present  in  the 
 form  of  emulsi?ed  fat  and  converts  them 
 into  fatty  acids  and  glycerol.  Digestion  of 
 protein  is  done  by  several  enzymes  such 
 as Pepsin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is NOT correct regarding the liver? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) It is situated in the upper part of the 
 abdomen on the left side. 
 (b) It secretes bile juice that is stored in a 
 sac called the gallbladder. 
 (c) It is the largest gland in the body. 
 (d) It is a reddish-brown gland. 
 Sol.305.(a)  The  Liver  -  Weighs  between 
 1.5  and  2  kilograms.  It  is  the  only  organ 
 that  has  the  ability  to  regenerate 
 e?ciently.  Liver  Related  Diseases  : 
 Hepatitis  A/B/C,  Alagille  Syndrome, 
 Cirrhosis. 
 Q.306.  Liver  gland  secretes  that 
 are stored in a sac called the gallbladder. 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) estrogen  (b) hydrochloric acid 
 (c) mucous  (d) bile juice 
 Sol.306.(d)  Bile  juice  -  It  is  important  for 
 the  total  digestion  of  different  types  of 
 fats  (fats  in  food  to  fatty  acids).  It  also 
 helps  in  digesting  carbohydrates  and 
 proteins  to  some  extent.  Estrogen  -  The 
 female  reproductive  hormone  secreted 
 by  the  membranous  granulosa  of  the 
 Graa?an  follicle.  Mucus  -  A  protective 
 substance  that  is  secreted  from  multiple 
 areas  in  the  body  such  as  the  mouth, 
 sinuses,  throat,  lungs,  and  stomach. 
 Produced  by  the  goblet  cell  of  the 
 gastrointestinal tract. 
 Q.307.  In  humans,  the  digestion  of 
 carbohydrates  like  starch,  begins  in 
 which of the following parts? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Rectum              (b) Small Intestine 
 (c) Oesophagus     (d) Buccal cavity 
 Sol.307.(d)  Buccal  cavity.  Organs  in  the 
 digestive  system  -  mouth,  pharynx 
 (throat),  oesophagus,  stomach,  small 
 intestine,  large  intestine,  rectum,  and 
 anus.  Rectum  is  the  terminal  part  of  the 
 intestine  from  the  sigmoid  colon  to  the 
 anus.  Small  intestine  is  the  longest  part 
 of  the  digestive  system.  Oesophagus  is  a 
 muscular  tube,  which  connects  the 
 mouth to the stomach. 
 Q.308.  In  ruminants  like  cattle,  bacteria 
 present  in  _______  helps  in  digestion  of 
 cellulose. 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) rumen                  (b) oesophagus 
 (c) small intestine    (d) large intestine 
 Sol.308.(a)  Rumen  is  the  ?rst  chamber 
 of  the  stomach  of  ruminants  like  cattle.  It 
 is  a  large,  muscular  sac  that  is  ?lled  with 
 bacteria,  protozoa,  and  other 
 microorganisms.  These  microorganisms 
 help  to  digest  the  cellulose  in  the  food 
 that the ruminant eats. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following  animals 
 have  a  single  opening  in  their  digestive 
 system  that  serves  both  as  a  mouth  and 
 an anus? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Arachnids  (b) Echinoderms 
 (c) Platyhelminthes       (d) Arthropods 
 Sol.309.(c)  Platyhelminthes.  These  are 
 also  known  as  ?atworms  belonging  to 
 Animalia  Kingdom  and  they  include  many 
 free-living  and  parasitic  life  forms.  The 
 term  arachnid  refers  to  a  class  of 
 animals  that  includes  spiders,  scorpions, 
 mites, and ticks. 
 Q.310.  Which  food  requires  a  longer 
 small intestine to digest food? 
 SSC CGL 13/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Lamb (b) Eggs (c) Grass (d) Chicken 
 Sol.310.(c)   Grass  has  cellulose  (takes  a 
 long  time  to  digest)  so  it  requires  longer 
 intestines  in  organisms  to  digest.  Meat 
 (lamb,  chicken,  etc)  is  easy  to  digest  so  it 
 requires  a  short  intestine  (in  organisms) 
 to  digest.  The  function  of  the  long 
 intestine  :  absorbing  water  and 
 electrolytes,  producing  and  absorbing 
 vitamins,  and  forming  and  propelling 
 feces toward the rectum for elimination. 
 Q.311.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 function of calcium in our body? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) It plays an important role in blood 
 clotting. 
 (b) It helps the digestive system. 
 (c) It is associated with healthy bones 
 and teeth 
 (d) It helps muscles to contract. 
 Sol.311.(b)  Examples  of  digestive 
 enzymes  include  amylase,  gelatinase, 
 lactase, lipase, maltase, peptidase, and 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 498
Page 2


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 stomach. 
 Q.300.  Breakdown  of  pyruvate  into  lactic 
 acid  and  energy  in  lack  of  Oxygen  takes 
 place in  Which of the following ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Bacteria          (b) Mitochondria 
 (c) Yeast               (d) Human muscle cells 
 Sol.300.(d)  Human  muscle  cells. 
 Anaerobic  respiration  -  It  is  the  partial 
 breakdown  of  glucose  into  acid  or 
 alcohol  along  with  carbon  dioxide  in  the 
 absence  of  oxygen.  Anaerobic 
 respiration  in  muscles  -  In  this  anaerobic 
 process,  glucose  is  partially  oxidized  to 
 pyruvate,  which  further  converts  into 
 lactic acids in muscles. 
 Q.301.  Which  of  the  following  is  correct 
 regarding the respiration? 
 I.  Regular  traditional  breathing  exercise 
 (pranayama)  can  increase  the  capacity  of 
 lungs to take in more air. 
 II.  During  inhalation,  ribs  move  up  and 
 outwards and diaphragm moves down. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.301.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  The  lungs  and 
 respiratory  system  allows  us  to 
 breathe.They  bring  oxygen  into  our 
 bodies  (called  inspiration  ,  or  inhalation) 
 and  send  carbon  dioxide  out  (called 
 expiration  ,  or  exhalation).  This  exchange 
 of  oxygen  and  carbon  dioxide  is  called 
 respiration  . 
 Q.302.  What  is  the  percentage  of  carbon 
 dioxide in the air exhaled by human lungs ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 3.2 %  (b) 5.9 %    (c) 2.3 %   (d) 4.4 % 
 Sol.302.(d)  4.4%.  Composition  of 
 exhaled  air  :  nitrogen  (78%)  oxygen  (17%) 
 carbon  dioxide  (4%)  other  gases  (1%). 
 Inhaled  air  is  by  volume:  78%  nitrogen, 
 20.95%  oxygen  and  small  amounts  of 
 other  gases  including  argon,  carbon 
 dioxide, neon, helium, and hydrogen. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  network  of  air  tubes 
 for gas exchange in insects? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Gills  (b) Diaphragm 
 (c) Tracheae            (d) Spiracles 
 Sol.303.(c)  Tracheae  .  Gills  are 
 evaginated  respiratory  surfaces  used  for 
 breathing  in  water.  The  diaphragm, 
 located  below  the  lungs,  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Spiracles  are  the 
 small  opening  on  the  lateral  side  of  the 
 body  through  which  air  enters  the 
 tracheal system. 
 Digestive system 
 Q.304.  Identify  the  function  of  lipase  in 
 the process of digestion. 
 SSC CGL 20/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Breaking down roughage 
 (b) Breaking down emulsi?ed fats 
 (c) Secreting intestinal ?uids 
 (d) Digesting proteins 
 Sol.304.(b)  Lipase  is  the  enzyme  that 
 breaks  down  the  lipids  present  in  the 
 form  of  emulsi?ed  fat  and  converts  them 
 into  fatty  acids  and  glycerol.  Digestion  of 
 protein  is  done  by  several  enzymes  such 
 as Pepsin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is NOT correct regarding the liver? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) It is situated in the upper part of the 
 abdomen on the left side. 
 (b) It secretes bile juice that is stored in a 
 sac called the gallbladder. 
 (c) It is the largest gland in the body. 
 (d) It is a reddish-brown gland. 
 Sol.305.(a)  The  Liver  -  Weighs  between 
 1.5  and  2  kilograms.  It  is  the  only  organ 
 that  has  the  ability  to  regenerate 
 e?ciently.  Liver  Related  Diseases  : 
 Hepatitis  A/B/C,  Alagille  Syndrome, 
 Cirrhosis. 
 Q.306.  Liver  gland  secretes  that 
 are stored in a sac called the gallbladder. 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) estrogen  (b) hydrochloric acid 
 (c) mucous  (d) bile juice 
 Sol.306.(d)  Bile  juice  -  It  is  important  for 
 the  total  digestion  of  different  types  of 
 fats  (fats  in  food  to  fatty  acids).  It  also 
 helps  in  digesting  carbohydrates  and 
 proteins  to  some  extent.  Estrogen  -  The 
 female  reproductive  hormone  secreted 
 by  the  membranous  granulosa  of  the 
 Graa?an  follicle.  Mucus  -  A  protective 
 substance  that  is  secreted  from  multiple 
 areas  in  the  body  such  as  the  mouth, 
 sinuses,  throat,  lungs,  and  stomach. 
 Produced  by  the  goblet  cell  of  the 
 gastrointestinal tract. 
 Q.307.  In  humans,  the  digestion  of 
 carbohydrates  like  starch,  begins  in 
 which of the following parts? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Rectum              (b) Small Intestine 
 (c) Oesophagus     (d) Buccal cavity 
 Sol.307.(d)  Buccal  cavity.  Organs  in  the 
 digestive  system  -  mouth,  pharynx 
 (throat),  oesophagus,  stomach,  small 
 intestine,  large  intestine,  rectum,  and 
 anus.  Rectum  is  the  terminal  part  of  the 
 intestine  from  the  sigmoid  colon  to  the 
 anus.  Small  intestine  is  the  longest  part 
 of  the  digestive  system.  Oesophagus  is  a 
 muscular  tube,  which  connects  the 
 mouth to the stomach. 
 Q.308.  In  ruminants  like  cattle,  bacteria 
 present  in  _______  helps  in  digestion  of 
 cellulose. 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) rumen                  (b) oesophagus 
 (c) small intestine    (d) large intestine 
 Sol.308.(a)  Rumen  is  the  ?rst  chamber 
 of  the  stomach  of  ruminants  like  cattle.  It 
 is  a  large,  muscular  sac  that  is  ?lled  with 
 bacteria,  protozoa,  and  other 
 microorganisms.  These  microorganisms 
 help  to  digest  the  cellulose  in  the  food 
 that the ruminant eats. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following  animals 
 have  a  single  opening  in  their  digestive 
 system  that  serves  both  as  a  mouth  and 
 an anus? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Arachnids  (b) Echinoderms 
 (c) Platyhelminthes       (d) Arthropods 
 Sol.309.(c)  Platyhelminthes.  These  are 
 also  known  as  ?atworms  belonging  to 
 Animalia  Kingdom  and  they  include  many 
 free-living  and  parasitic  life  forms.  The 
 term  arachnid  refers  to  a  class  of 
 animals  that  includes  spiders,  scorpions, 
 mites, and ticks. 
 Q.310.  Which  food  requires  a  longer 
 small intestine to digest food? 
 SSC CGL 13/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Lamb (b) Eggs (c) Grass (d) Chicken 
 Sol.310.(c)   Grass  has  cellulose  (takes  a 
 long  time  to  digest)  so  it  requires  longer 
 intestines  in  organisms  to  digest.  Meat 
 (lamb,  chicken,  etc)  is  easy  to  digest  so  it 
 requires  a  short  intestine  (in  organisms) 
 to  digest.  The  function  of  the  long 
 intestine  :  absorbing  water  and 
 electrolytes,  producing  and  absorbing 
 vitamins,  and  forming  and  propelling 
 feces toward the rectum for elimination. 
 Q.311.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 function of calcium in our body? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) It plays an important role in blood 
 clotting. 
 (b) It helps the digestive system. 
 (c) It is associated with healthy bones 
 and teeth 
 (d) It helps muscles to contract. 
 Sol.311.(b)  Examples  of  digestive 
 enzymes  include  amylase,  gelatinase, 
 lactase, lipase, maltase, peptidase, and 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 498
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 protease. 
 Q.312.  Which  of  the  following  is  able  to 
 regenerate  our  digestive  system  with 
 good  microbes  that  will  neutralize  the 
 harmful ones? 
 Higher Secondary 05/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Antibiotics  (b) Prosthetics 
 (c) Probiotics  (d) Prosynthetics 
 Sol.312.(c)  Probiotics.  Yogurt  is  one  of 
 the  best  sources  of  probiotics. 
 Antibiotics  are  medicines  that  ?ght 
 bacterial  infections  in  people  and 
 animals.  Prosthesis  or  a  prosthetic 
 implant,  is  an  arti?cial  device  that 
 replaces  a  missing  body  part,  which  may 
 be  lost  through  trauma,  disease,  or  a 
 condition present at birth. 
 Q.313.  Where  are  villi  present  in  the 
 human alimentary canal? 
 SSC MTS 07/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Pancreas  (b) Oesophagus 
 (c) Stomach  (d) Small intestine 
 Sol.313.(d)  Small  intestine  -  It  receives 
 secretions  from  the  liver  and  the 
 pancreas.  Villi  are  small  ?nger-like 
 projections  found  inside  the  inner  walls 
 of  the  small  intestine.  They  increase  the 
 surface  area  for  absorption  of  nutrients 
 from the food. 
 Q.314.  In  human  beings,  the  small 
 intestine  is  coiled  and  is  about  ______ 
 metres long. 
 SSC MTS 12/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 1 to 1.5  (b) 3 to 3.5 
 (c) 2 to 2.5  (d) 7 to 7.5 
 Sol.314.(d)  7  to  7.5  (about  22  feet).  The 
 small  intestine  has  three  parts.  The  ?rst 
 part  is  called  the  duodenum.  The  jejunum 
 is  in  the  middle  and  the  ileum  is  at  the 
 end.  The  large  intestine  includes  the 
 appendix,  cecum,  colon,  and  rectum.  The 
 large  intestine  is  about  ?ve  feet  (or  1.5 
 metres) long. 
 Q.315.  Recommended  Dietary 
 Allowances (RDA) = ? 
 SSC MTS 15/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Balanced diet – Extra nutrients 
 (b) Requirements + Margin of safety 
 (c) Extra nutrients 
 (d) Intermittent fasting + Extra nutrients 
 Sol.315.(b)  The  RDAs  are the amounts of 
 essential  nutrients  that  are  judged  by  the 
 Food  and  Nutrition  Board  to  be  adequate 
 to  meet  the  known  nutrient  needs  of 
 practically all healthy persons. 
 Q.316.  Which  type  of  carbohydrate 
 CANNOT be broken down by the GI tract, 
 does  not  provide  energy,  but  helps  the 
 body  get  rid  of  wastes  and  keeps  the 
 intestinal tract healthy? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Fibre (b) Starch (c) Sugar (d) Glycogen 
 Sol.316.(a)  Fibre.  It  is  a  type  of 
 carbohydrate  that  the  body  can't  digest. 
 Glycogen  is  the  storage  form  of 
 carbohydrates  in  mammals.  Simple 
 Sugars  ,  also  called  monosaccharides, 
 include glucose, fructose, and galactose. 
 Q.317.  Metabolic  reactions  in  our  body 
 are carried out by : 
 SSC CHSL 31/05/2022 ( Morning) 
 (a) proteins  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) lipids  (d) salts 
 Sol.317.(a)  Proteins.  Metabolism  is  the 
 chemical  reaction  in  the  body's  cells  that 
 change  food  into  energy.  The  nucleus 
 controls  all  the  metabolic  activities  of  the 
 cell. 
 Q.318.  ______,  a  ?uid  secreted  by  new 
 mothers  during  the  initial  days  of 
 lactation,  contains  nutrients  that  boost  a 
 baby's  immune  system  and  helps  ?ght 
 infection. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Sebum  (b) Synovia 
 (c) Colostrum  (d) Cerumen 
 Sol.318.(c)  Colostrum  is  the  ?rst  form  of 
 breastmilk  that  is  released  by  the 
 mammary  glands  after  giving  birth. 
 Sebum  is  an  oily,  waxy  substance 
 produced  by  your  body's  sebaceous 
 glands.  Synovia  is  a  lubricating  ?uid 
 resembling  the  white  of  an  egg,  secreted 
 by  certain  membranes,  as  those  of  the 
 joints.  Cerumen  (Earwax),  is  a  brown, 
 orange,  red,  yellowish  or  grey  waxy 
 substance  secreted  in  the  ear  canal  of 
 humans and other mammals. 
 Q.319.  A  large,  muscular  sheet  called 
 ______ forms the ?oor of the chest cavity. 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diaphragm  (b) larynx 
 (c) duodenum  (d) alveoli 
 Sol.319.(a)  Diaphragm  .  It  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Upon  inhalation, 
 the diaphragm contracts and ?attens and 
 the chest cavity enlarges. 
 Q.320.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 indigestible  portion  of  our  diet  essential 
 to  the  health  of  the  digestive  system? 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Fats  (b) Roughage 
 (c) Carbohydrates         (d) Proteins 
 Sol.320.(b) Roughage.  It includes all 
 plant  products  like  grains,  nuts,  legumes, 
 fruits,  etc.  They  are  indigestible  but  act 
 as  a  source  of  food  for  the  bene?cial 
 bacteria  present  in  our  gut.  Consumption 
 of  roughage  maintains  body  weight  and 
 also  reduces  risk  factors  of  heart 
 disease. 
 Q.321.  Complex  food  substances  break 
 down  into  simpler  ones  with  the  help  of: 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) hormones  (b) enzymes 
 (c) fungi                          (d) bacteria 
 Sol.321.(b) Enzymes  . Some examples of 
 enzymes  :  Lipases  -  A  group  of  enzymes 
 that  help  digest  fats  in  the  gut.  Amylase  - 
 Helps  change  starches  into  sugars. 
 Maltase  -  Found  in  saliva;  breaks  the 
 sugar  maltose  into  glucose.  Trypsin  - 
 Found  in  the  small  intestine,  breaks 
 proteins down into amino acids. 
 Q.322.  Which  of  the  following  organs 
 secretes  hydrochloric  acid  that  helps  our 
 body in killing pathogenic bacteria? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Brain  (b) Heart (c) Kidney (d) Stomach 
 Sol.322.(d)  Stomach.  Examples  of 
 Pathogenic  bacteria  :  Pseudomonas 
 aeruginosa  -  can  cause  pneumonia  and 
 blood  infections.  Mycobacterium 
 tuberculosis  -  causes  tuberculosis. 
 Listeria  -  causes  foodborne  infections 
 and  ?u-like  symptoms.  Salmonella  - 
 causes  typhoid.  E.coli  -  causes  intestinal 
 infections with symptoms like fever and 
 diarrhoea. 
 Nervous system 
 Q.323.  Identify  the  type  of  cell  that  is 
 long and branched. 
 Matric Level 28/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Nerve cell 
 (b) Columnar epithelial cell 
 (c) White blood cell 
 (d) Red blood cell 
 Sol.323.(a)  Nerve  cell.  The  neural 
 system  of  all  animals  is  composed  of 
 highly  specialized  cells  called  -  neurons 
 which  can  detect,  receive  and  transmit 
 different  kinds  of  stimuli.  This  system  is 
 divided  into  two  parts  -  the  Central 
 Nervous  System  (CNS)  and  the 
 Peripheral  Nervous  System  (PNS).  The 
 CNS  consists  of  the  brain  and  spinal 
 cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves. 
 Q.324.  Which  part  of  the  human  brain  is 
 responsible for walking in a straight line? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Medulla  (b) Cerebrum 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 499
Page 3


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 stomach. 
 Q.300.  Breakdown  of  pyruvate  into  lactic 
 acid  and  energy  in  lack  of  Oxygen  takes 
 place in  Which of the following ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Bacteria          (b) Mitochondria 
 (c) Yeast               (d) Human muscle cells 
 Sol.300.(d)  Human  muscle  cells. 
 Anaerobic  respiration  -  It  is  the  partial 
 breakdown  of  glucose  into  acid  or 
 alcohol  along  with  carbon  dioxide  in  the 
 absence  of  oxygen.  Anaerobic 
 respiration  in  muscles  -  In  this  anaerobic 
 process,  glucose  is  partially  oxidized  to 
 pyruvate,  which  further  converts  into 
 lactic acids in muscles. 
 Q.301.  Which  of  the  following  is  correct 
 regarding the respiration? 
 I.  Regular  traditional  breathing  exercise 
 (pranayama)  can  increase  the  capacity  of 
 lungs to take in more air. 
 II.  During  inhalation,  ribs  move  up  and 
 outwards and diaphragm moves down. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.301.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  The  lungs  and 
 respiratory  system  allows  us  to 
 breathe.They  bring  oxygen  into  our 
 bodies  (called  inspiration  ,  or  inhalation) 
 and  send  carbon  dioxide  out  (called 
 expiration  ,  or  exhalation).  This  exchange 
 of  oxygen  and  carbon  dioxide  is  called 
 respiration  . 
 Q.302.  What  is  the  percentage  of  carbon 
 dioxide in the air exhaled by human lungs ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 3.2 %  (b) 5.9 %    (c) 2.3 %   (d) 4.4 % 
 Sol.302.(d)  4.4%.  Composition  of 
 exhaled  air  :  nitrogen  (78%)  oxygen  (17%) 
 carbon  dioxide  (4%)  other  gases  (1%). 
 Inhaled  air  is  by  volume:  78%  nitrogen, 
 20.95%  oxygen  and  small  amounts  of 
 other  gases  including  argon,  carbon 
 dioxide, neon, helium, and hydrogen. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  network  of  air  tubes 
 for gas exchange in insects? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Gills  (b) Diaphragm 
 (c) Tracheae            (d) Spiracles 
 Sol.303.(c)  Tracheae  .  Gills  are 
 evaginated  respiratory  surfaces  used  for 
 breathing  in  water.  The  diaphragm, 
 located  below  the  lungs,  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Spiracles  are  the 
 small  opening  on  the  lateral  side  of  the 
 body  through  which  air  enters  the 
 tracheal system. 
 Digestive system 
 Q.304.  Identify  the  function  of  lipase  in 
 the process of digestion. 
 SSC CGL 20/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Breaking down roughage 
 (b) Breaking down emulsi?ed fats 
 (c) Secreting intestinal ?uids 
 (d) Digesting proteins 
 Sol.304.(b)  Lipase  is  the  enzyme  that 
 breaks  down  the  lipids  present  in  the 
 form  of  emulsi?ed  fat  and  converts  them 
 into  fatty  acids  and  glycerol.  Digestion  of 
 protein  is  done  by  several  enzymes  such 
 as Pepsin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is NOT correct regarding the liver? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) It is situated in the upper part of the 
 abdomen on the left side. 
 (b) It secretes bile juice that is stored in a 
 sac called the gallbladder. 
 (c) It is the largest gland in the body. 
 (d) It is a reddish-brown gland. 
 Sol.305.(a)  The  Liver  -  Weighs  between 
 1.5  and  2  kilograms.  It  is  the  only  organ 
 that  has  the  ability  to  regenerate 
 e?ciently.  Liver  Related  Diseases  : 
 Hepatitis  A/B/C,  Alagille  Syndrome, 
 Cirrhosis. 
 Q.306.  Liver  gland  secretes  that 
 are stored in a sac called the gallbladder. 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) estrogen  (b) hydrochloric acid 
 (c) mucous  (d) bile juice 
 Sol.306.(d)  Bile  juice  -  It  is  important  for 
 the  total  digestion  of  different  types  of 
 fats  (fats  in  food  to  fatty  acids).  It  also 
 helps  in  digesting  carbohydrates  and 
 proteins  to  some  extent.  Estrogen  -  The 
 female  reproductive  hormone  secreted 
 by  the  membranous  granulosa  of  the 
 Graa?an  follicle.  Mucus  -  A  protective 
 substance  that  is  secreted  from  multiple 
 areas  in  the  body  such  as  the  mouth, 
 sinuses,  throat,  lungs,  and  stomach. 
 Produced  by  the  goblet  cell  of  the 
 gastrointestinal tract. 
 Q.307.  In  humans,  the  digestion  of 
 carbohydrates  like  starch,  begins  in 
 which of the following parts? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Rectum              (b) Small Intestine 
 (c) Oesophagus     (d) Buccal cavity 
 Sol.307.(d)  Buccal  cavity.  Organs  in  the 
 digestive  system  -  mouth,  pharynx 
 (throat),  oesophagus,  stomach,  small 
 intestine,  large  intestine,  rectum,  and 
 anus.  Rectum  is  the  terminal  part  of  the 
 intestine  from  the  sigmoid  colon  to  the 
 anus.  Small  intestine  is  the  longest  part 
 of  the  digestive  system.  Oesophagus  is  a 
 muscular  tube,  which  connects  the 
 mouth to the stomach. 
 Q.308.  In  ruminants  like  cattle,  bacteria 
 present  in  _______  helps  in  digestion  of 
 cellulose. 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) rumen                  (b) oesophagus 
 (c) small intestine    (d) large intestine 
 Sol.308.(a)  Rumen  is  the  ?rst  chamber 
 of  the  stomach  of  ruminants  like  cattle.  It 
 is  a  large,  muscular  sac  that  is  ?lled  with 
 bacteria,  protozoa,  and  other 
 microorganisms.  These  microorganisms 
 help  to  digest  the  cellulose  in  the  food 
 that the ruminant eats. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following  animals 
 have  a  single  opening  in  their  digestive 
 system  that  serves  both  as  a  mouth  and 
 an anus? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Arachnids  (b) Echinoderms 
 (c) Platyhelminthes       (d) Arthropods 
 Sol.309.(c)  Platyhelminthes.  These  are 
 also  known  as  ?atworms  belonging  to 
 Animalia  Kingdom  and  they  include  many 
 free-living  and  parasitic  life  forms.  The 
 term  arachnid  refers  to  a  class  of 
 animals  that  includes  spiders,  scorpions, 
 mites, and ticks. 
 Q.310.  Which  food  requires  a  longer 
 small intestine to digest food? 
 SSC CGL 13/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Lamb (b) Eggs (c) Grass (d) Chicken 
 Sol.310.(c)   Grass  has  cellulose  (takes  a 
 long  time  to  digest)  so  it  requires  longer 
 intestines  in  organisms  to  digest.  Meat 
 (lamb,  chicken,  etc)  is  easy  to  digest  so  it 
 requires  a  short  intestine  (in  organisms) 
 to  digest.  The  function  of  the  long 
 intestine  :  absorbing  water  and 
 electrolytes,  producing  and  absorbing 
 vitamins,  and  forming  and  propelling 
 feces toward the rectum for elimination. 
 Q.311.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 function of calcium in our body? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) It plays an important role in blood 
 clotting. 
 (b) It helps the digestive system. 
 (c) It is associated with healthy bones 
 and teeth 
 (d) It helps muscles to contract. 
 Sol.311.(b)  Examples  of  digestive 
 enzymes  include  amylase,  gelatinase, 
 lactase, lipase, maltase, peptidase, and 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 498
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 protease. 
 Q.312.  Which  of  the  following  is  able  to 
 regenerate  our  digestive  system  with 
 good  microbes  that  will  neutralize  the 
 harmful ones? 
 Higher Secondary 05/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Antibiotics  (b) Prosthetics 
 (c) Probiotics  (d) Prosynthetics 
 Sol.312.(c)  Probiotics.  Yogurt  is  one  of 
 the  best  sources  of  probiotics. 
 Antibiotics  are  medicines  that  ?ght 
 bacterial  infections  in  people  and 
 animals.  Prosthesis  or  a  prosthetic 
 implant,  is  an  arti?cial  device  that 
 replaces  a  missing  body  part,  which  may 
 be  lost  through  trauma,  disease,  or  a 
 condition present at birth. 
 Q.313.  Where  are  villi  present  in  the 
 human alimentary canal? 
 SSC MTS 07/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Pancreas  (b) Oesophagus 
 (c) Stomach  (d) Small intestine 
 Sol.313.(d)  Small  intestine  -  It  receives 
 secretions  from  the  liver  and  the 
 pancreas.  Villi  are  small  ?nger-like 
 projections  found  inside  the  inner  walls 
 of  the  small  intestine.  They  increase  the 
 surface  area  for  absorption  of  nutrients 
 from the food. 
 Q.314.  In  human  beings,  the  small 
 intestine  is  coiled  and  is  about  ______ 
 metres long. 
 SSC MTS 12/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 1 to 1.5  (b) 3 to 3.5 
 (c) 2 to 2.5  (d) 7 to 7.5 
 Sol.314.(d)  7  to  7.5  (about  22  feet).  The 
 small  intestine  has  three  parts.  The  ?rst 
 part  is  called  the  duodenum.  The  jejunum 
 is  in  the  middle  and  the  ileum  is  at  the 
 end.  The  large  intestine  includes  the 
 appendix,  cecum,  colon,  and  rectum.  The 
 large  intestine  is  about  ?ve  feet  (or  1.5 
 metres) long. 
 Q.315.  Recommended  Dietary 
 Allowances (RDA) = ? 
 SSC MTS 15/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Balanced diet – Extra nutrients 
 (b) Requirements + Margin of safety 
 (c) Extra nutrients 
 (d) Intermittent fasting + Extra nutrients 
 Sol.315.(b)  The  RDAs  are the amounts of 
 essential  nutrients  that  are  judged  by  the 
 Food  and  Nutrition  Board  to  be  adequate 
 to  meet  the  known  nutrient  needs  of 
 practically all healthy persons. 
 Q.316.  Which  type  of  carbohydrate 
 CANNOT be broken down by the GI tract, 
 does  not  provide  energy,  but  helps  the 
 body  get  rid  of  wastes  and  keeps  the 
 intestinal tract healthy? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Fibre (b) Starch (c) Sugar (d) Glycogen 
 Sol.316.(a)  Fibre.  It  is  a  type  of 
 carbohydrate  that  the  body  can't  digest. 
 Glycogen  is  the  storage  form  of 
 carbohydrates  in  mammals.  Simple 
 Sugars  ,  also  called  monosaccharides, 
 include glucose, fructose, and galactose. 
 Q.317.  Metabolic  reactions  in  our  body 
 are carried out by : 
 SSC CHSL 31/05/2022 ( Morning) 
 (a) proteins  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) lipids  (d) salts 
 Sol.317.(a)  Proteins.  Metabolism  is  the 
 chemical  reaction  in  the  body's  cells  that 
 change  food  into  energy.  The  nucleus 
 controls  all  the  metabolic  activities  of  the 
 cell. 
 Q.318.  ______,  a  ?uid  secreted  by  new 
 mothers  during  the  initial  days  of 
 lactation,  contains  nutrients  that  boost  a 
 baby's  immune  system  and  helps  ?ght 
 infection. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Sebum  (b) Synovia 
 (c) Colostrum  (d) Cerumen 
 Sol.318.(c)  Colostrum  is  the  ?rst  form  of 
 breastmilk  that  is  released  by  the 
 mammary  glands  after  giving  birth. 
 Sebum  is  an  oily,  waxy  substance 
 produced  by  your  body's  sebaceous 
 glands.  Synovia  is  a  lubricating  ?uid 
 resembling  the  white  of  an  egg,  secreted 
 by  certain  membranes,  as  those  of  the 
 joints.  Cerumen  (Earwax),  is  a  brown, 
 orange,  red,  yellowish  or  grey  waxy 
 substance  secreted  in  the  ear  canal  of 
 humans and other mammals. 
 Q.319.  A  large,  muscular  sheet  called 
 ______ forms the ?oor of the chest cavity. 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diaphragm  (b) larynx 
 (c) duodenum  (d) alveoli 
 Sol.319.(a)  Diaphragm  .  It  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Upon  inhalation, 
 the diaphragm contracts and ?attens and 
 the chest cavity enlarges. 
 Q.320.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 indigestible  portion  of  our  diet  essential 
 to  the  health  of  the  digestive  system? 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Fats  (b) Roughage 
 (c) Carbohydrates         (d) Proteins 
 Sol.320.(b) Roughage.  It includes all 
 plant  products  like  grains,  nuts,  legumes, 
 fruits,  etc.  They  are  indigestible  but  act 
 as  a  source  of  food  for  the  bene?cial 
 bacteria  present  in  our  gut.  Consumption 
 of  roughage  maintains  body  weight  and 
 also  reduces  risk  factors  of  heart 
 disease. 
 Q.321.  Complex  food  substances  break 
 down  into  simpler  ones  with  the  help  of: 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) hormones  (b) enzymes 
 (c) fungi                          (d) bacteria 
 Sol.321.(b) Enzymes  . Some examples of 
 enzymes  :  Lipases  -  A  group  of  enzymes 
 that  help  digest  fats  in  the  gut.  Amylase  - 
 Helps  change  starches  into  sugars. 
 Maltase  -  Found  in  saliva;  breaks  the 
 sugar  maltose  into  glucose.  Trypsin  - 
 Found  in  the  small  intestine,  breaks 
 proteins down into amino acids. 
 Q.322.  Which  of  the  following  organs 
 secretes  hydrochloric  acid  that  helps  our 
 body in killing pathogenic bacteria? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Brain  (b) Heart (c) Kidney (d) Stomach 
 Sol.322.(d)  Stomach.  Examples  of 
 Pathogenic  bacteria  :  Pseudomonas 
 aeruginosa  -  can  cause  pneumonia  and 
 blood  infections.  Mycobacterium 
 tuberculosis  -  causes  tuberculosis. 
 Listeria  -  causes  foodborne  infections 
 and  ?u-like  symptoms.  Salmonella  - 
 causes  typhoid.  E.coli  -  causes  intestinal 
 infections with symptoms like fever and 
 diarrhoea. 
 Nervous system 
 Q.323.  Identify  the  type  of  cell  that  is 
 long and branched. 
 Matric Level 28/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Nerve cell 
 (b) Columnar epithelial cell 
 (c) White blood cell 
 (d) Red blood cell 
 Sol.323.(a)  Nerve  cell.  The  neural 
 system  of  all  animals  is  composed  of 
 highly  specialized  cells  called  -  neurons 
 which  can  detect,  receive  and  transmit 
 different  kinds  of  stimuli.  This  system  is 
 divided  into  two  parts  -  the  Central 
 Nervous  System  (CNS)  and  the 
 Peripheral  Nervous  System  (PNS).  The 
 CNS  consists  of  the  brain  and  spinal 
 cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves. 
 Q.324.  Which  part  of  the  human  brain  is 
 responsible for walking in a straight line? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Medulla  (b) Cerebrum 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 499
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 (c) Pons  (d) Cerebellum 
 Sol.324.(d)  Cerebellum  (also  called  the 
 little  brain).  It  controls  balance  for 
 walking  and  standing,  and  other  complex 
 motor  functions.  Cerebrum  (largest  part 
 of  the  brain,  initiates  and  coordinates 
 movement  and  regulates  temperature). 
 Medulla  (lowest  part  of  the  brain,  It  deals 
 with  the  autonomic  functions  of 
 breathing,  heart  rate,  blood  pressure,  and 
 sleep-wake cycle). 
 Q.325.  The  sensation  of  feeling  full  is 
 because  of  a  centre  associated  with 
 hunger,  which  is  in  a  separate  part  of  the 
 ______ . 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Pituitary gland  (b) Midbrain 
 (c) Forebrain              (d) Hindbrain 
 Sol.325.(c)  Forebrain  .  The  brain  is  the 
 central  information  processing  organ  of 
 our  body.  The  brain  can  be  divided  into 
 three  major  parts  :  Forebrain  consists  of 
 Hypothalamus  (regulation  of  sexual 
 behaviour,  expression  of  emotional 
 reactions)  ,  Cerebrum  (controls  memory, 
 will  power,  knowledge  etc),  Thalamus 
 (controls  pain,  cold  and  Heat).  Midbrain 
 consists  of  Tectum  (vision  and  auditory 
 re?exes)  and  Hindbrain  consists  of 
 Medulla  oblongata  (respiration, 
 cardiovascular  re?exes  and  gastric 
 secretions),  Pons  (tract  between  brain 
 and  spinal  cord)  and  Cerebellum 
 (coordination of Movement, Posture etc). 
 Q.326.  Our  brain  mainly  depends  on 
 which of the following foods? 
 Higher Secondary 02/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Fat and proteins 
 (b) Glucose and amino acids 
 (c) Only fat 
 (d) Only glucose 
 Sol.326.(d)  Only  glucose  .  Glucose  is  a 
 type  of  sugar  which  comes 
 predominantly  from  starchy  foods 
 (bread,  rice,  pasta  and  potatoes)  as  well 
 as  fruits,  juices,  honey,  jams  and  table 
 sugar.  The  body  tightly  regulates  blood 
 glucose  levels;  this  is  known  as  glucose 
 homeostasis. 
 Q.327.  In  which  part  of  the  human  body 
 will you ?nd the 'superior rectus'? 
 SSC CHSL 15/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Ear     (b) Eye    (c) Nose    (d) Tongue 
 Sol.327.(b)  Eye.  The  superior  rectus  is  a 
 muscle  in  the  eye  that  helps  to  elevate 
 the  eye.  This  muscle  is  among  four 
 muscles  -  including  the  medial  rectus, 
 lateral  rectus,  and  inferior  rectus,  which 
 control the eye’s movement. 
 Q.328.  Which  one  of  the  following  is  a 
 degenerative  disorder  of  the  brain  and 
 one  of  several  conditions  that  cause 
 dementia,  a  progressive  decline  of 
 mental  functions  resulting  in  memory 
 loss and confusion? 
 SSC CHSL 04/07/2019 (Evening) 
 (a)  Schizophrenia  (b)  Alzheimer's  Disease 
 (c) Amnesia          (d) Concussion 
 Sol.328.(b)  Alzheimer's  Disease  . 
 Schizophrenia  is  a  mental  disorder  that 
 affects  a  person's  thoughts,  emotions, 
 and  behavior.  Amnesia  can  be  caused  by 
 brain  injury,  stroke,  and  Alzheimer's 
 Disease.  Concussion  is  a  mild  traumatic 
 brain  injury  that  can  cause  temporary 
 symptoms  such  as  headache,  dizziness, 
 and memory loss. 
 Skeleton system 
 Q.329.  In  humans  the  neck  is  joined  by 
 the head by which of the following joints? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Ball and socket joint  (b) Hinge joint 
 (c) Pivotal joint                 (d) Fixed joint 
 Sol.329.(c)  Pivotal  joint.  Hinge  joints  - 
 Allow  movement  along  one  plane, 
 Examples:  Ankle,  elbows,  and  knee 
 joints.  Fixed  joints  -  Immovable  joints, 
 where  bones  are  not  ?exible,  Examples: 
 Upper jaw, rib cage. 
 Q.330.  Which  among  the  following  is  a 
 ?at bone? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Ankle bones    (b) Pelvic bones 
 (c) Wrist bones     (d) Ribs 
 Sol.330.(d)  Ribs  are  a  set  of  twelve 
 paired  bones  which  form  the  protective 
 'cage'  of  the  thorax.  The  ankle  joint,  also 
 known  as  the  talocrural  joint,  is  a 
 synovial  joint  that  connects  the  bones  of 
 the  leg,  the  ?bula  and  tibia,  with  the  talus 
 of  the  foot.  Pelvic  Bone  is  a  basin 
 shaped  complex  bone  which  connects 
 the  trunk  and  legs  and  supports  the 
 urinary  bladder.  The  wrist  is  formed 
 where  the  two  bones  of  the  forearm,  the 
 radius  and  the  ulna  meet  the  carpus. 
 Other  bones  of  the  hand  -  metacarpals 
 and phalanges. 
 Q.331.  ‘The  ?uid  present  between  joints, 
 that  makes  the  movement  of  joints  easy, 
 is called: 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Bursae                     (b) Synovial 
 (c) Cartilage                 (d) Tendon 
 Sol.331.(b)  Synovial  .  It  provides 
 lubrication, reduces friction between 
 bones  and  makes  the  joint  movements 
 smooth.  Examples  of  such  joints  are  ball 
 and  socket  joint,  pivot  joint,  gliding  joint, 
 hinge joint, and saddle joint. 
 Q.332.  In  which  of  the  following  parts  of 
 the  human  body  is  the  masseter  muscle 
 located? 
 SSC MTS 13/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) Hand   (b) Thigh   (c) Jaw   (d) Chest 
 Sol.332.(c)  Jaw.  The  muscle  masseter 
 is  a  facial  muscle  that  plays  a  major  role 
 in  the  chewing  of  solid  foods.  The  three 
 layers  of  the  masseter  are  the  super?cial 
 layer,  the  intermediate  layer,  and  the  deep 
 layer. 
 Q.333.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 complex  substance  that  provides 
 structural strength to plants? 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Cellulose            (b) Xylem 
 (c) Phloem               (d) Cytoplasm 
 Sol.333.(a)  Cellulose  is  a  complex 
 polysaccharide  which  forms  the  principal 
 component  of  the  plant  cell  wall,  and  is 
 the  most  abundant  biopolymer  in  the 
 biological world. 
 Q.334.  The  human  shoulder  joint  is  an 
 example of a ______ joint. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) ?xed  (b) pivotal 
 (c) hinge  (d) ball and socket 
 Sol.334.(d)  Ball  and  socket  joint.  It  is  a 
 synovial  joint,  which  means  it  allows  for 
 smooth movements between bones. 
 Q.335.  The  vertebrae  are  a  part  of  which 
 of  the  following  body  systems  in 
 humans? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Kidney                 (b) Lungs 
 (c) Heart                   (d) Spinal cord 
 Sol.335.(d)  Spinal  cord.  The  spine  is 
 composed  of  33  vertebrae,  divided  into 
 ?ve  sections:  the  cervical,  thoracic,  and 
 lumbar  spine  sections  and  the  sacrum 
 and coccyx bones. 
 Q.336.  How  many  bones  are  there  in  the 
 human hand? 
 SSC CHSL 13/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 27      (b) 21    (c) 14    (d) 17 
 Sol.336.(a)  The  human  hand  has  27 
 bones  :  the  carpals  or  wrist  contains  8; 
 the  metacarpals  or  palm  contains  ?ve; 
 the  remaining  fourteen  are  digital  bones; 
 ?ngers and thumb. 
 Q.337.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 largest dental tissue? 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 500
Page 4


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 stomach. 
 Q.300.  Breakdown  of  pyruvate  into  lactic 
 acid  and  energy  in  lack  of  Oxygen  takes 
 place in  Which of the following ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Bacteria          (b) Mitochondria 
 (c) Yeast               (d) Human muscle cells 
 Sol.300.(d)  Human  muscle  cells. 
 Anaerobic  respiration  -  It  is  the  partial 
 breakdown  of  glucose  into  acid  or 
 alcohol  along  with  carbon  dioxide  in  the 
 absence  of  oxygen.  Anaerobic 
 respiration  in  muscles  -  In  this  anaerobic 
 process,  glucose  is  partially  oxidized  to 
 pyruvate,  which  further  converts  into 
 lactic acids in muscles. 
 Q.301.  Which  of  the  following  is  correct 
 regarding the respiration? 
 I.  Regular  traditional  breathing  exercise 
 (pranayama)  can  increase  the  capacity  of 
 lungs to take in more air. 
 II.  During  inhalation,  ribs  move  up  and 
 outwards and diaphragm moves down. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.301.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  The  lungs  and 
 respiratory  system  allows  us  to 
 breathe.They  bring  oxygen  into  our 
 bodies  (called  inspiration  ,  or  inhalation) 
 and  send  carbon  dioxide  out  (called 
 expiration  ,  or  exhalation).  This  exchange 
 of  oxygen  and  carbon  dioxide  is  called 
 respiration  . 
 Q.302.  What  is  the  percentage  of  carbon 
 dioxide in the air exhaled by human lungs ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 3.2 %  (b) 5.9 %    (c) 2.3 %   (d) 4.4 % 
 Sol.302.(d)  4.4%.  Composition  of 
 exhaled  air  :  nitrogen  (78%)  oxygen  (17%) 
 carbon  dioxide  (4%)  other  gases  (1%). 
 Inhaled  air  is  by  volume:  78%  nitrogen, 
 20.95%  oxygen  and  small  amounts  of 
 other  gases  including  argon,  carbon 
 dioxide, neon, helium, and hydrogen. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  network  of  air  tubes 
 for gas exchange in insects? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Gills  (b) Diaphragm 
 (c) Tracheae            (d) Spiracles 
 Sol.303.(c)  Tracheae  .  Gills  are 
 evaginated  respiratory  surfaces  used  for 
 breathing  in  water.  The  diaphragm, 
 located  below  the  lungs,  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Spiracles  are  the 
 small  opening  on  the  lateral  side  of  the 
 body  through  which  air  enters  the 
 tracheal system. 
 Digestive system 
 Q.304.  Identify  the  function  of  lipase  in 
 the process of digestion. 
 SSC CGL 20/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Breaking down roughage 
 (b) Breaking down emulsi?ed fats 
 (c) Secreting intestinal ?uids 
 (d) Digesting proteins 
 Sol.304.(b)  Lipase  is  the  enzyme  that 
 breaks  down  the  lipids  present  in  the 
 form  of  emulsi?ed  fat  and  converts  them 
 into  fatty  acids  and  glycerol.  Digestion  of 
 protein  is  done  by  several  enzymes  such 
 as Pepsin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is NOT correct regarding the liver? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) It is situated in the upper part of the 
 abdomen on the left side. 
 (b) It secretes bile juice that is stored in a 
 sac called the gallbladder. 
 (c) It is the largest gland in the body. 
 (d) It is a reddish-brown gland. 
 Sol.305.(a)  The  Liver  -  Weighs  between 
 1.5  and  2  kilograms.  It  is  the  only  organ 
 that  has  the  ability  to  regenerate 
 e?ciently.  Liver  Related  Diseases  : 
 Hepatitis  A/B/C,  Alagille  Syndrome, 
 Cirrhosis. 
 Q.306.  Liver  gland  secretes  that 
 are stored in a sac called the gallbladder. 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) estrogen  (b) hydrochloric acid 
 (c) mucous  (d) bile juice 
 Sol.306.(d)  Bile  juice  -  It  is  important  for 
 the  total  digestion  of  different  types  of 
 fats  (fats  in  food  to  fatty  acids).  It  also 
 helps  in  digesting  carbohydrates  and 
 proteins  to  some  extent.  Estrogen  -  The 
 female  reproductive  hormone  secreted 
 by  the  membranous  granulosa  of  the 
 Graa?an  follicle.  Mucus  -  A  protective 
 substance  that  is  secreted  from  multiple 
 areas  in  the  body  such  as  the  mouth, 
 sinuses,  throat,  lungs,  and  stomach. 
 Produced  by  the  goblet  cell  of  the 
 gastrointestinal tract. 
 Q.307.  In  humans,  the  digestion  of 
 carbohydrates  like  starch,  begins  in 
 which of the following parts? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Rectum              (b) Small Intestine 
 (c) Oesophagus     (d) Buccal cavity 
 Sol.307.(d)  Buccal  cavity.  Organs  in  the 
 digestive  system  -  mouth,  pharynx 
 (throat),  oesophagus,  stomach,  small 
 intestine,  large  intestine,  rectum,  and 
 anus.  Rectum  is  the  terminal  part  of  the 
 intestine  from  the  sigmoid  colon  to  the 
 anus.  Small  intestine  is  the  longest  part 
 of  the  digestive  system.  Oesophagus  is  a 
 muscular  tube,  which  connects  the 
 mouth to the stomach. 
 Q.308.  In  ruminants  like  cattle,  bacteria 
 present  in  _______  helps  in  digestion  of 
 cellulose. 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) rumen                  (b) oesophagus 
 (c) small intestine    (d) large intestine 
 Sol.308.(a)  Rumen  is  the  ?rst  chamber 
 of  the  stomach  of  ruminants  like  cattle.  It 
 is  a  large,  muscular  sac  that  is  ?lled  with 
 bacteria,  protozoa,  and  other 
 microorganisms.  These  microorganisms 
 help  to  digest  the  cellulose  in  the  food 
 that the ruminant eats. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following  animals 
 have  a  single  opening  in  their  digestive 
 system  that  serves  both  as  a  mouth  and 
 an anus? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Arachnids  (b) Echinoderms 
 (c) Platyhelminthes       (d) Arthropods 
 Sol.309.(c)  Platyhelminthes.  These  are 
 also  known  as  ?atworms  belonging  to 
 Animalia  Kingdom  and  they  include  many 
 free-living  and  parasitic  life  forms.  The 
 term  arachnid  refers  to  a  class  of 
 animals  that  includes  spiders,  scorpions, 
 mites, and ticks. 
 Q.310.  Which  food  requires  a  longer 
 small intestine to digest food? 
 SSC CGL 13/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Lamb (b) Eggs (c) Grass (d) Chicken 
 Sol.310.(c)   Grass  has  cellulose  (takes  a 
 long  time  to  digest)  so  it  requires  longer 
 intestines  in  organisms  to  digest.  Meat 
 (lamb,  chicken,  etc)  is  easy  to  digest  so  it 
 requires  a  short  intestine  (in  organisms) 
 to  digest.  The  function  of  the  long 
 intestine  :  absorbing  water  and 
 electrolytes,  producing  and  absorbing 
 vitamins,  and  forming  and  propelling 
 feces toward the rectum for elimination. 
 Q.311.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 function of calcium in our body? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) It plays an important role in blood 
 clotting. 
 (b) It helps the digestive system. 
 (c) It is associated with healthy bones 
 and teeth 
 (d) It helps muscles to contract. 
 Sol.311.(b)  Examples  of  digestive 
 enzymes  include  amylase,  gelatinase, 
 lactase, lipase, maltase, peptidase, and 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 498
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 protease. 
 Q.312.  Which  of  the  following  is  able  to 
 regenerate  our  digestive  system  with 
 good  microbes  that  will  neutralize  the 
 harmful ones? 
 Higher Secondary 05/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Antibiotics  (b) Prosthetics 
 (c) Probiotics  (d) Prosynthetics 
 Sol.312.(c)  Probiotics.  Yogurt  is  one  of 
 the  best  sources  of  probiotics. 
 Antibiotics  are  medicines  that  ?ght 
 bacterial  infections  in  people  and 
 animals.  Prosthesis  or  a  prosthetic 
 implant,  is  an  arti?cial  device  that 
 replaces  a  missing  body  part,  which  may 
 be  lost  through  trauma,  disease,  or  a 
 condition present at birth. 
 Q.313.  Where  are  villi  present  in  the 
 human alimentary canal? 
 SSC MTS 07/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Pancreas  (b) Oesophagus 
 (c) Stomach  (d) Small intestine 
 Sol.313.(d)  Small  intestine  -  It  receives 
 secretions  from  the  liver  and  the 
 pancreas.  Villi  are  small  ?nger-like 
 projections  found  inside  the  inner  walls 
 of  the  small  intestine.  They  increase  the 
 surface  area  for  absorption  of  nutrients 
 from the food. 
 Q.314.  In  human  beings,  the  small 
 intestine  is  coiled  and  is  about  ______ 
 metres long. 
 SSC MTS 12/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 1 to 1.5  (b) 3 to 3.5 
 (c) 2 to 2.5  (d) 7 to 7.5 
 Sol.314.(d)  7  to  7.5  (about  22  feet).  The 
 small  intestine  has  three  parts.  The  ?rst 
 part  is  called  the  duodenum.  The  jejunum 
 is  in  the  middle  and  the  ileum  is  at  the 
 end.  The  large  intestine  includes  the 
 appendix,  cecum,  colon,  and  rectum.  The 
 large  intestine  is  about  ?ve  feet  (or  1.5 
 metres) long. 
 Q.315.  Recommended  Dietary 
 Allowances (RDA) = ? 
 SSC MTS 15/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Balanced diet – Extra nutrients 
 (b) Requirements + Margin of safety 
 (c) Extra nutrients 
 (d) Intermittent fasting + Extra nutrients 
 Sol.315.(b)  The  RDAs  are the amounts of 
 essential  nutrients  that  are  judged  by  the 
 Food  and  Nutrition  Board  to  be  adequate 
 to  meet  the  known  nutrient  needs  of 
 practically all healthy persons. 
 Q.316.  Which  type  of  carbohydrate 
 CANNOT be broken down by the GI tract, 
 does  not  provide  energy,  but  helps  the 
 body  get  rid  of  wastes  and  keeps  the 
 intestinal tract healthy? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Fibre (b) Starch (c) Sugar (d) Glycogen 
 Sol.316.(a)  Fibre.  It  is  a  type  of 
 carbohydrate  that  the  body  can't  digest. 
 Glycogen  is  the  storage  form  of 
 carbohydrates  in  mammals.  Simple 
 Sugars  ,  also  called  monosaccharides, 
 include glucose, fructose, and galactose. 
 Q.317.  Metabolic  reactions  in  our  body 
 are carried out by : 
 SSC CHSL 31/05/2022 ( Morning) 
 (a) proteins  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) lipids  (d) salts 
 Sol.317.(a)  Proteins.  Metabolism  is  the 
 chemical  reaction  in  the  body's  cells  that 
 change  food  into  energy.  The  nucleus 
 controls  all  the  metabolic  activities  of  the 
 cell. 
 Q.318.  ______,  a  ?uid  secreted  by  new 
 mothers  during  the  initial  days  of 
 lactation,  contains  nutrients  that  boost  a 
 baby's  immune  system  and  helps  ?ght 
 infection. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Sebum  (b) Synovia 
 (c) Colostrum  (d) Cerumen 
 Sol.318.(c)  Colostrum  is  the  ?rst  form  of 
 breastmilk  that  is  released  by  the 
 mammary  glands  after  giving  birth. 
 Sebum  is  an  oily,  waxy  substance 
 produced  by  your  body's  sebaceous 
 glands.  Synovia  is  a  lubricating  ?uid 
 resembling  the  white  of  an  egg,  secreted 
 by  certain  membranes,  as  those  of  the 
 joints.  Cerumen  (Earwax),  is  a  brown, 
 orange,  red,  yellowish  or  grey  waxy 
 substance  secreted  in  the  ear  canal  of 
 humans and other mammals. 
 Q.319.  A  large,  muscular  sheet  called 
 ______ forms the ?oor of the chest cavity. 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diaphragm  (b) larynx 
 (c) duodenum  (d) alveoli 
 Sol.319.(a)  Diaphragm  .  It  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Upon  inhalation, 
 the diaphragm contracts and ?attens and 
 the chest cavity enlarges. 
 Q.320.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 indigestible  portion  of  our  diet  essential 
 to  the  health  of  the  digestive  system? 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Fats  (b) Roughage 
 (c) Carbohydrates         (d) Proteins 
 Sol.320.(b) Roughage.  It includes all 
 plant  products  like  grains,  nuts,  legumes, 
 fruits,  etc.  They  are  indigestible  but  act 
 as  a  source  of  food  for  the  bene?cial 
 bacteria  present  in  our  gut.  Consumption 
 of  roughage  maintains  body  weight  and 
 also  reduces  risk  factors  of  heart 
 disease. 
 Q.321.  Complex  food  substances  break 
 down  into  simpler  ones  with  the  help  of: 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) hormones  (b) enzymes 
 (c) fungi                          (d) bacteria 
 Sol.321.(b) Enzymes  . Some examples of 
 enzymes  :  Lipases  -  A  group  of  enzymes 
 that  help  digest  fats  in  the  gut.  Amylase  - 
 Helps  change  starches  into  sugars. 
 Maltase  -  Found  in  saliva;  breaks  the 
 sugar  maltose  into  glucose.  Trypsin  - 
 Found  in  the  small  intestine,  breaks 
 proteins down into amino acids. 
 Q.322.  Which  of  the  following  organs 
 secretes  hydrochloric  acid  that  helps  our 
 body in killing pathogenic bacteria? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Brain  (b) Heart (c) Kidney (d) Stomach 
 Sol.322.(d)  Stomach.  Examples  of 
 Pathogenic  bacteria  :  Pseudomonas 
 aeruginosa  -  can  cause  pneumonia  and 
 blood  infections.  Mycobacterium 
 tuberculosis  -  causes  tuberculosis. 
 Listeria  -  causes  foodborne  infections 
 and  ?u-like  symptoms.  Salmonella  - 
 causes  typhoid.  E.coli  -  causes  intestinal 
 infections with symptoms like fever and 
 diarrhoea. 
 Nervous system 
 Q.323.  Identify  the  type  of  cell  that  is 
 long and branched. 
 Matric Level 28/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Nerve cell 
 (b) Columnar epithelial cell 
 (c) White blood cell 
 (d) Red blood cell 
 Sol.323.(a)  Nerve  cell.  The  neural 
 system  of  all  animals  is  composed  of 
 highly  specialized  cells  called  -  neurons 
 which  can  detect,  receive  and  transmit 
 different  kinds  of  stimuli.  This  system  is 
 divided  into  two  parts  -  the  Central 
 Nervous  System  (CNS)  and  the 
 Peripheral  Nervous  System  (PNS).  The 
 CNS  consists  of  the  brain  and  spinal 
 cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves. 
 Q.324.  Which  part  of  the  human  brain  is 
 responsible for walking in a straight line? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Medulla  (b) Cerebrum 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 499
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 (c) Pons  (d) Cerebellum 
 Sol.324.(d)  Cerebellum  (also  called  the 
 little  brain).  It  controls  balance  for 
 walking  and  standing,  and  other  complex 
 motor  functions.  Cerebrum  (largest  part 
 of  the  brain,  initiates  and  coordinates 
 movement  and  regulates  temperature). 
 Medulla  (lowest  part  of  the  brain,  It  deals 
 with  the  autonomic  functions  of 
 breathing,  heart  rate,  blood  pressure,  and 
 sleep-wake cycle). 
 Q.325.  The  sensation  of  feeling  full  is 
 because  of  a  centre  associated  with 
 hunger,  which  is  in  a  separate  part  of  the 
 ______ . 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Pituitary gland  (b) Midbrain 
 (c) Forebrain              (d) Hindbrain 
 Sol.325.(c)  Forebrain  .  The  brain  is  the 
 central  information  processing  organ  of 
 our  body.  The  brain  can  be  divided  into 
 three  major  parts  :  Forebrain  consists  of 
 Hypothalamus  (regulation  of  sexual 
 behaviour,  expression  of  emotional 
 reactions)  ,  Cerebrum  (controls  memory, 
 will  power,  knowledge  etc),  Thalamus 
 (controls  pain,  cold  and  Heat).  Midbrain 
 consists  of  Tectum  (vision  and  auditory 
 re?exes)  and  Hindbrain  consists  of 
 Medulla  oblongata  (respiration, 
 cardiovascular  re?exes  and  gastric 
 secretions),  Pons  (tract  between  brain 
 and  spinal  cord)  and  Cerebellum 
 (coordination of Movement, Posture etc). 
 Q.326.  Our  brain  mainly  depends  on 
 which of the following foods? 
 Higher Secondary 02/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Fat and proteins 
 (b) Glucose and amino acids 
 (c) Only fat 
 (d) Only glucose 
 Sol.326.(d)  Only  glucose  .  Glucose  is  a 
 type  of  sugar  which  comes 
 predominantly  from  starchy  foods 
 (bread,  rice,  pasta  and  potatoes)  as  well 
 as  fruits,  juices,  honey,  jams  and  table 
 sugar.  The  body  tightly  regulates  blood 
 glucose  levels;  this  is  known  as  glucose 
 homeostasis. 
 Q.327.  In  which  part  of  the  human  body 
 will you ?nd the 'superior rectus'? 
 SSC CHSL 15/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Ear     (b) Eye    (c) Nose    (d) Tongue 
 Sol.327.(b)  Eye.  The  superior  rectus  is  a 
 muscle  in  the  eye  that  helps  to  elevate 
 the  eye.  This  muscle  is  among  four 
 muscles  -  including  the  medial  rectus, 
 lateral  rectus,  and  inferior  rectus,  which 
 control the eye’s movement. 
 Q.328.  Which  one  of  the  following  is  a 
 degenerative  disorder  of  the  brain  and 
 one  of  several  conditions  that  cause 
 dementia,  a  progressive  decline  of 
 mental  functions  resulting  in  memory 
 loss and confusion? 
 SSC CHSL 04/07/2019 (Evening) 
 (a)  Schizophrenia  (b)  Alzheimer's  Disease 
 (c) Amnesia          (d) Concussion 
 Sol.328.(b)  Alzheimer's  Disease  . 
 Schizophrenia  is  a  mental  disorder  that 
 affects  a  person's  thoughts,  emotions, 
 and  behavior.  Amnesia  can  be  caused  by 
 brain  injury,  stroke,  and  Alzheimer's 
 Disease.  Concussion  is  a  mild  traumatic 
 brain  injury  that  can  cause  temporary 
 symptoms  such  as  headache,  dizziness, 
 and memory loss. 
 Skeleton system 
 Q.329.  In  humans  the  neck  is  joined  by 
 the head by which of the following joints? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Ball and socket joint  (b) Hinge joint 
 (c) Pivotal joint                 (d) Fixed joint 
 Sol.329.(c)  Pivotal  joint.  Hinge  joints  - 
 Allow  movement  along  one  plane, 
 Examples:  Ankle,  elbows,  and  knee 
 joints.  Fixed  joints  -  Immovable  joints, 
 where  bones  are  not  ?exible,  Examples: 
 Upper jaw, rib cage. 
 Q.330.  Which  among  the  following  is  a 
 ?at bone? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Ankle bones    (b) Pelvic bones 
 (c) Wrist bones     (d) Ribs 
 Sol.330.(d)  Ribs  are  a  set  of  twelve 
 paired  bones  which  form  the  protective 
 'cage'  of  the  thorax.  The  ankle  joint,  also 
 known  as  the  talocrural  joint,  is  a 
 synovial  joint  that  connects  the  bones  of 
 the  leg,  the  ?bula  and  tibia,  with  the  talus 
 of  the  foot.  Pelvic  Bone  is  a  basin 
 shaped  complex  bone  which  connects 
 the  trunk  and  legs  and  supports  the 
 urinary  bladder.  The  wrist  is  formed 
 where  the  two  bones  of  the  forearm,  the 
 radius  and  the  ulna  meet  the  carpus. 
 Other  bones  of  the  hand  -  metacarpals 
 and phalanges. 
 Q.331.  ‘The  ?uid  present  between  joints, 
 that  makes  the  movement  of  joints  easy, 
 is called: 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Bursae                     (b) Synovial 
 (c) Cartilage                 (d) Tendon 
 Sol.331.(b)  Synovial  .  It  provides 
 lubrication, reduces friction between 
 bones  and  makes  the  joint  movements 
 smooth.  Examples  of  such  joints  are  ball 
 and  socket  joint,  pivot  joint,  gliding  joint, 
 hinge joint, and saddle joint. 
 Q.332.  In  which  of  the  following  parts  of 
 the  human  body  is  the  masseter  muscle 
 located? 
 SSC MTS 13/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) Hand   (b) Thigh   (c) Jaw   (d) Chest 
 Sol.332.(c)  Jaw.  The  muscle  masseter 
 is  a  facial  muscle  that  plays  a  major  role 
 in  the  chewing  of  solid  foods.  The  three 
 layers  of  the  masseter  are  the  super?cial 
 layer,  the  intermediate  layer,  and  the  deep 
 layer. 
 Q.333.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 complex  substance  that  provides 
 structural strength to plants? 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Cellulose            (b) Xylem 
 (c) Phloem               (d) Cytoplasm 
 Sol.333.(a)  Cellulose  is  a  complex 
 polysaccharide  which  forms  the  principal 
 component  of  the  plant  cell  wall,  and  is 
 the  most  abundant  biopolymer  in  the 
 biological world. 
 Q.334.  The  human  shoulder  joint  is  an 
 example of a ______ joint. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) ?xed  (b) pivotal 
 (c) hinge  (d) ball and socket 
 Sol.334.(d)  Ball  and  socket  joint.  It  is  a 
 synovial  joint,  which  means  it  allows  for 
 smooth movements between bones. 
 Q.335.  The  vertebrae  are  a  part  of  which 
 of  the  following  body  systems  in 
 humans? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Kidney                 (b) Lungs 
 (c) Heart                   (d) Spinal cord 
 Sol.335.(d)  Spinal  cord.  The  spine  is 
 composed  of  33  vertebrae,  divided  into 
 ?ve  sections:  the  cervical,  thoracic,  and 
 lumbar  spine  sections  and  the  sacrum 
 and coccyx bones. 
 Q.336.  How  many  bones  are  there  in  the 
 human hand? 
 SSC CHSL 13/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 27      (b) 21    (c) 14    (d) 17 
 Sol.336.(a)  The  human  hand  has  27 
 bones  :  the  carpals  or  wrist  contains  8; 
 the  metacarpals  or  palm  contains  ?ve; 
 the  remaining  fourteen  are  digital  bones; 
 ?ngers and thumb. 
 Q.337.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 largest dental tissue? 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 500
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 SSC CHSL 11/8/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Dentin (b) Pulp  (c) Enamel (d) Root 
 Sol.337.(a)  Dentin.  It  is  a  composite 
 substance  of  organic  and  inorganic 
 material  found  in  the  tooth's  interior. 
 Pulp  :  This  soft  tissue  forms  the  tooth's 
 inner  core,  containing  the  blood  vessels 
 and  nerves.  Enamel  :  It  acts  as  a 
 protective  barrier  for  the  crown  of  the 
 tooth.  It  is  the  hardest  substance  in  the 
 human body. 
 Plant kingdom 
 Q.338.  The  structure  that  produces  and 
 holds  sperm  cells  in  bryophytes 
 (non-vascular plants) and ferns is called : 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) megasporangia   (b) antheridium 
 (c) archegonium        (d) protonema 
 Sol.338.(b)  Antheridium  -  A  saclike 
 structure  and  male  sex  organ  that 
 produces  and  stores  gametes  or  sex 
 cells  called  sperm.  They  produce 
 bi?agellate  antherozoids.  Located  on:  A 
 thin  stalk  attached  to  the  gametophyte. 
 Archegonium  -  The  female  reproductive 
 organ  in  ferns  and  mosses. 
 Megasporangia  -  The  structure  in  plants 
 that  produces  megaspores.  Protonema  - 
 A  thread-like  chain  of  cells  that  forms  the 
 earliest  stage  of  development  of  the 
 gametophyte  (the  haploid  phase)  in  the 
 life cycle of mosses. 
 Q.339.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements is correct? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) The transport of male gametes in 
 bryophytes and pteridophytes occurs 
 through water. 
 (b) The transport of male gametes in 
 angiosperms occurs through water. 
 (c) The transport of male gametes in 
 bryophytes and pteridophytes occurs 
 through air. 
 (d) The transport of male gametes in 
 Gymnosperms occurs through water. 
 Sol.339.(a)  In  bryophytes  (such  as 
 mosses  and  liverworts)  and 
 pteridophytes  (such  as  ferns),  male 
 gametes  (sperm)  rely  on  water  for  their 
 transport  to  reach  the  female  gametes 
 (eggs)  for  fertilization.  Water  is  essential 
 for  the  movement  of  sperm  in  these 
 non-seed vascular plants. 
 Q.340.  The  blue  green  alga  Anabaena 
 lives  in  the  leaves  of  Azolla,  a  freshwater 
 fern,  forming  which  of  the  following 
 relationships? 
 SSC MTS 12/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Autotrophic       (b) Symbiotic 
 (c) Parasitic            (d) Saprophytic 
 Sol.340.(b)  Symbiotic  relationships  are 
 the  close  associations  formed  between 
 pairs  of  species.  They  come  in  a  variety 
 of  forms,  such  as  parasitism  (where  one 
 species  bene?ts  and  the  other  is 
 harmed),  commensalism  (where  one 
 species  bene?ts  and  the  other  is  neither 
 harmed  nor  helped)  and  Mutualism 
 (where  all  species  involved  bene?t  from 
 their  interactions).  Examples  : 
 Nitrogen-?xing  bacteria  and  leguminous 
 plants  such  as  clover,  alfalfa,  and 
 soybeans. 
 Q.341.  ______  are  the  amphibians  of  the 
 plant kingdom. 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Gymnosperm     (b) Pteridophyta 
 (c) Thallophyta        (d) Bryophyta 
 Sol.341.(d)  Bryophyta  -  They  include 
 Mosses,  liverworts  and  hornworts. 
 Thallophyta  are  mostly  non-motile 
 primitive  plant  organisms  which  show 
 simple  body  forms.  These  forms  mainly 
 include Algae, fungi. 
 Q.342.  Which  of  the  following  are 
 cryptogram? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Gymnosperm         (b) Dicots 
 (c) Angiosperm           (d) Pteridophyta 
 Sol.342.(d)  Pteridophyta.  It  belongs  to 
 the  vascular  plant  family.  They  reproduce 
 through  spores  rather  than  seeds. 
 Examples  -  ferns,  horsetails  and 
 lycophytes.  Four  classes  of  pteridophyta 
 -  Psilopsida,  Lycopsida,  Sphenopsida, 
 Pteropsida.  Cryptogams  -  A  ?owerless 
 and  seedless  group  of  plants  having 
 hidden  sex  organs.  Three  main  divisions 
 -  Thallophyta,  Bryophyta  and 
 Pteridophyte.  They  are  the  ?rst-ever 
 terrestrial  plants  to  possess  vascular 
 tissues. 
 Q.343.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 perennial  herbaceous  plant  in  the 
 nightshade  family  Solanaceae  that  is 
 used  in  alternative  medicine  as  an  aid  in 
 treating arthritis pain, colds or hay fever? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Arachis hypogaea 
 (b) Cynodon dactylon 
 (c) Cicer arietinum 
 (d) Atropa belladonna 
 Sol.343.(d)  Atropa  belladonna  -  It  is  a 
 perennial  herbaceous  plant  in  the 
 nightshade  family  Solanaceae.  It  is 
 native  to  Europe,  North  Africa,  and 
 Western  Asia.  Arachis  hypogaea  is  the 
 peanut  plant.  Cynodon  dactylon  is 
 Bermuda  grass,  a  major  tropical  grass 
 found  in  all  tropical  and  subtropical 
 areas.  Cicer  arietinum  is  the  chickpea 
 plant. 
 Q.344.  Which  is  the  only  living 
 representative  of  Sphenopsida  that  has 
 an  underground,  creeping  and  perennial 
 rhizome  that  gives  off  aerial  as  well  as 
 underground branches? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Adiantum  (b) Dryopteris 
 (c) Selaginella  (d) Equisetum 
 Sol.344.(d)  Equisetum  -  The  aerial 
 branches  are  herbaceous  and  usually 
 grow  to  a  height  of  10-60  cm,  but  they 
 can  attain  more  height  in  some  species. 
 The  pteridophytes  are  classi?ed  into 
 Psilopsida  (Psilotum),  Lycopsida 
 (Selaginella,  Lycopodium),  Sphenopsida 
 (Equisetum)  and  Pteropsida  (Dryopteris, 
 Pteris, Adiantum). 
 Q.345.  Match column A with column B. 
 Column A 
 (Type of algae) 
 Column B 
 (Proper Name) 
 a. Blue-green algae  i. Sargassum 
 b. Red algae  ii. Chlamydomonas 
 c. Green algae  iii. Rhodophyta 
 d. Brown algae  iv. Cyanobacteria 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv      (b) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv 
 (c) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i      (d) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i 
 Sol.345.(c) a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i. 
 Q.346.  Ferns,  horsetails  and  lycophytes 
 belong to which of the following groups? 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Bryophyta  (b) Pteridophyta 
 (c) Algae  (d) Fungi 
 Sol.346.(b)  Pteridophyta  are  spores  - 
 producing  vascular  plants.  Bryophytes  - 
 The  amphibians  of  the  Plant  Kingdom 
 and  they  need  water  for  fertilization. 
 Example - Liverworts, Mosses Funaria. 
 Q.347.  Select  the  incorrect  statement 
 about Gymnosperms. 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Gymnosperms are found as woody 
 shrubs, trees or lianas and include no 
 true aquatics and few epiphytes. 
 (b) Gymnosperms are seedless ?owering 
 plants. 
 (c) Gymnosperms are typically slow in 
 terms of reproduction; up to a year 
 may pass between pollination and 
 fertilization and seed maturation may 
 require 3 years. 
 (d) Gymnosperms exhibit cones or 
 storbili and naked seeds, but not 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 501
Page 5


 Pinnacle  Biology 
 stomach. 
 Q.300.  Breakdown  of  pyruvate  into  lactic 
 acid  and  energy  in  lack  of  Oxygen  takes 
 place in  Which of the following ? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Bacteria          (b) Mitochondria 
 (c) Yeast               (d) Human muscle cells 
 Sol.300.(d)  Human  muscle  cells. 
 Anaerobic  respiration  -  It  is  the  partial 
 breakdown  of  glucose  into  acid  or 
 alcohol  along  with  carbon  dioxide  in  the 
 absence  of  oxygen.  Anaerobic 
 respiration  in  muscles  -  In  this  anaerobic 
 process,  glucose  is  partially  oxidized  to 
 pyruvate,  which  further  converts  into 
 lactic acids in muscles. 
 Q.301.  Which  of  the  following  is  correct 
 regarding the respiration? 
 I.  Regular  traditional  breathing  exercise 
 (pranayama)  can  increase  the  capacity  of 
 lungs to take in more air. 
 II.  During  inhalation,  ribs  move  up  and 
 outwards and diaphragm moves down. 
 SSC CHSL 16/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only II 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.301.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  The  lungs  and 
 respiratory  system  allows  us  to 
 breathe.They  bring  oxygen  into  our 
 bodies  (called  inspiration  ,  or  inhalation) 
 and  send  carbon  dioxide  out  (called 
 expiration  ,  or  exhalation).  This  exchange 
 of  oxygen  and  carbon  dioxide  is  called 
 respiration  . 
 Q.302.  What  is  the  percentage  of  carbon 
 dioxide in the air exhaled by human lungs ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 3.2 %  (b) 5.9 %    (c) 2.3 %   (d) 4.4 % 
 Sol.302.(d)  4.4%.  Composition  of 
 exhaled  air  :  nitrogen  (78%)  oxygen  (17%) 
 carbon  dioxide  (4%)  other  gases  (1%). 
 Inhaled  air  is  by  volume:  78%  nitrogen, 
 20.95%  oxygen  and  small  amounts  of 
 other  gases  including  argon,  carbon 
 dioxide, neon, helium, and hydrogen. 
 Q.303.  What  is  the  network  of  air  tubes 
 for gas exchange in insects? 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Gills  (b) Diaphragm 
 (c) Tracheae            (d) Spiracles 
 Sol.303.(c)  Tracheae  .  Gills  are 
 evaginated  respiratory  surfaces  used  for 
 breathing  in  water.  The  diaphragm, 
 located  below  the  lungs,  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Spiracles  are  the 
 small  opening  on  the  lateral  side  of  the 
 body  through  which  air  enters  the 
 tracheal system. 
 Digestive system 
 Q.304.  Identify  the  function  of  lipase  in 
 the process of digestion. 
 SSC CGL 20/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Breaking down roughage 
 (b) Breaking down emulsi?ed fats 
 (c) Secreting intestinal ?uids 
 (d) Digesting proteins 
 Sol.304.(b)  Lipase  is  the  enzyme  that 
 breaks  down  the  lipids  present  in  the 
 form  of  emulsi?ed  fat  and  converts  them 
 into  fatty  acids  and  glycerol.  Digestion  of 
 protein  is  done  by  several  enzymes  such 
 as Pepsin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin. 
 Q.305.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is NOT correct regarding the liver? 
 SSC CGL 21/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) It is situated in the upper part of the 
 abdomen on the left side. 
 (b) It secretes bile juice that is stored in a 
 sac called the gallbladder. 
 (c) It is the largest gland in the body. 
 (d) It is a reddish-brown gland. 
 Sol.305.(a)  The  Liver  -  Weighs  between 
 1.5  and  2  kilograms.  It  is  the  only  organ 
 that  has  the  ability  to  regenerate 
 e?ciently.  Liver  Related  Diseases  : 
 Hepatitis  A/B/C,  Alagille  Syndrome, 
 Cirrhosis. 
 Q.306.  Liver  gland  secretes  that 
 are stored in a sac called the gallbladder. 
 SSC MTS 13/06/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) estrogen  (b) hydrochloric acid 
 (c) mucous  (d) bile juice 
 Sol.306.(d)  Bile  juice  -  It  is  important  for 
 the  total  digestion  of  different  types  of 
 fats  (fats  in  food  to  fatty  acids).  It  also 
 helps  in  digesting  carbohydrates  and 
 proteins  to  some  extent.  Estrogen  -  The 
 female  reproductive  hormone  secreted 
 by  the  membranous  granulosa  of  the 
 Graa?an  follicle.  Mucus  -  A  protective 
 substance  that  is  secreted  from  multiple 
 areas  in  the  body  such  as  the  mouth, 
 sinuses,  throat,  lungs,  and  stomach. 
 Produced  by  the  goblet  cell  of  the 
 gastrointestinal tract. 
 Q.307.  In  humans,  the  digestion  of 
 carbohydrates  like  starch,  begins  in 
 which of the following parts? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Rectum              (b) Small Intestine 
 (c) Oesophagus     (d) Buccal cavity 
 Sol.307.(d)  Buccal  cavity.  Organs  in  the 
 digestive  system  -  mouth,  pharynx 
 (throat),  oesophagus,  stomach,  small 
 intestine,  large  intestine,  rectum,  and 
 anus.  Rectum  is  the  terminal  part  of  the 
 intestine  from  the  sigmoid  colon  to  the 
 anus.  Small  intestine  is  the  longest  part 
 of  the  digestive  system.  Oesophagus  is  a 
 muscular  tube,  which  connects  the 
 mouth to the stomach. 
 Q.308.  In  ruminants  like  cattle,  bacteria 
 present  in  _______  helps  in  digestion  of 
 cellulose. 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) rumen                  (b) oesophagus 
 (c) small intestine    (d) large intestine 
 Sol.308.(a)  Rumen  is  the  ?rst  chamber 
 of  the  stomach  of  ruminants  like  cattle.  It 
 is  a  large,  muscular  sac  that  is  ?lled  with 
 bacteria,  protozoa,  and  other 
 microorganisms.  These  microorganisms 
 help  to  digest  the  cellulose  in  the  food 
 that the ruminant eats. 
 Q.309.  Which  of  the  following  animals 
 have  a  single  opening  in  their  digestive 
 system  that  serves  both  as  a  mouth  and 
 an anus? 
 SSC CGL 01/12/2022 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Arachnids  (b) Echinoderms 
 (c) Platyhelminthes       (d) Arthropods 
 Sol.309.(c)  Platyhelminthes.  These  are 
 also  known  as  ?atworms  belonging  to 
 Animalia  Kingdom  and  they  include  many 
 free-living  and  parasitic  life  forms.  The 
 term  arachnid  refers  to  a  class  of 
 animals  that  includes  spiders,  scorpions, 
 mites, and ticks. 
 Q.310.  Which  food  requires  a  longer 
 small intestine to digest food? 
 SSC CGL 13/12/2022 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Lamb (b) Eggs (c) Grass (d) Chicken 
 Sol.310.(c)   Grass  has  cellulose  (takes  a 
 long  time  to  digest)  so  it  requires  longer 
 intestines  in  organisms  to  digest.  Meat 
 (lamb,  chicken,  etc)  is  easy  to  digest  so  it 
 requires  a  short  intestine  (in  organisms) 
 to  digest.  The  function  of  the  long 
 intestine  :  absorbing  water  and 
 electrolytes,  producing  and  absorbing 
 vitamins,  and  forming  and  propelling 
 feces toward the rectum for elimination. 
 Q.311.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  a 
 function of calcium in our body? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) It plays an important role in blood 
 clotting. 
 (b) It helps the digestive system. 
 (c) It is associated with healthy bones 
 and teeth 
 (d) It helps muscles to contract. 
 Sol.311.(b)  Examples  of  digestive 
 enzymes  include  amylase,  gelatinase, 
 lactase, lipase, maltase, peptidase, and 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 498
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 protease. 
 Q.312.  Which  of  the  following  is  able  to 
 regenerate  our  digestive  system  with 
 good  microbes  that  will  neutralize  the 
 harmful ones? 
 Higher Secondary 05/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Antibiotics  (b) Prosthetics 
 (c) Probiotics  (d) Prosynthetics 
 Sol.312.(c)  Probiotics.  Yogurt  is  one  of 
 the  best  sources  of  probiotics. 
 Antibiotics  are  medicines  that  ?ght 
 bacterial  infections  in  people  and 
 animals.  Prosthesis  or  a  prosthetic 
 implant,  is  an  arti?cial  device  that 
 replaces  a  missing  body  part,  which  may 
 be  lost  through  trauma,  disease,  or  a 
 condition present at birth. 
 Q.313.  Where  are  villi  present  in  the 
 human alimentary canal? 
 SSC MTS 07/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Pancreas  (b) Oesophagus 
 (c) Stomach  (d) Small intestine 
 Sol.313.(d)  Small  intestine  -  It  receives 
 secretions  from  the  liver  and  the 
 pancreas.  Villi  are  small  ?nger-like 
 projections  found  inside  the  inner  walls 
 of  the  small  intestine.  They  increase  the 
 surface  area  for  absorption  of  nutrients 
 from the food. 
 Q.314.  In  human  beings,  the  small 
 intestine  is  coiled  and  is  about  ______ 
 metres long. 
 SSC MTS 12/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 1 to 1.5  (b) 3 to 3.5 
 (c) 2 to 2.5  (d) 7 to 7.5 
 Sol.314.(d)  7  to  7.5  (about  22  feet).  The 
 small  intestine  has  three  parts.  The  ?rst 
 part  is  called  the  duodenum.  The  jejunum 
 is  in  the  middle  and  the  ileum  is  at  the 
 end.  The  large  intestine  includes  the 
 appendix,  cecum,  colon,  and  rectum.  The 
 large  intestine  is  about  ?ve  feet  (or  1.5 
 metres) long. 
 Q.315.  Recommended  Dietary 
 Allowances (RDA) = ? 
 SSC MTS 15/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Balanced diet – Extra nutrients 
 (b) Requirements + Margin of safety 
 (c) Extra nutrients 
 (d) Intermittent fasting + Extra nutrients 
 Sol.315.(b)  The  RDAs  are the amounts of 
 essential  nutrients  that  are  judged  by  the 
 Food  and  Nutrition  Board  to  be  adequate 
 to  meet  the  known  nutrient  needs  of 
 practically all healthy persons. 
 Q.316.  Which  type  of  carbohydrate 
 CANNOT be broken down by the GI tract, 
 does  not  provide  energy,  but  helps  the 
 body  get  rid  of  wastes  and  keeps  the 
 intestinal tract healthy? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Fibre (b) Starch (c) Sugar (d) Glycogen 
 Sol.316.(a)  Fibre.  It  is  a  type  of 
 carbohydrate  that  the  body  can't  digest. 
 Glycogen  is  the  storage  form  of 
 carbohydrates  in  mammals.  Simple 
 Sugars  ,  also  called  monosaccharides, 
 include glucose, fructose, and galactose. 
 Q.317.  Metabolic  reactions  in  our  body 
 are carried out by : 
 SSC CHSL 31/05/2022 ( Morning) 
 (a) proteins  (b) carbohydrates 
 (c) lipids  (d) salts 
 Sol.317.(a)  Proteins.  Metabolism  is  the 
 chemical  reaction  in  the  body's  cells  that 
 change  food  into  energy.  The  nucleus 
 controls  all  the  metabolic  activities  of  the 
 cell. 
 Q.318.  ______,  a  ?uid  secreted  by  new 
 mothers  during  the  initial  days  of 
 lactation,  contains  nutrients  that  boost  a 
 baby's  immune  system  and  helps  ?ght 
 infection. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Sebum  (b) Synovia 
 (c) Colostrum  (d) Cerumen 
 Sol.318.(c)  Colostrum  is  the  ?rst  form  of 
 breastmilk  that  is  released  by  the 
 mammary  glands  after  giving  birth. 
 Sebum  is  an  oily,  waxy  substance 
 produced  by  your  body's  sebaceous 
 glands.  Synovia  is  a  lubricating  ?uid 
 resembling  the  white  of  an  egg,  secreted 
 by  certain  membranes,  as  those  of  the 
 joints.  Cerumen  (Earwax),  is  a  brown, 
 orange,  red,  yellowish  or  grey  waxy 
 substance  secreted  in  the  ear  canal  of 
 humans and other mammals. 
 Q.319.  A  large,  muscular  sheet  called 
 ______ forms the ?oor of the chest cavity. 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) diaphragm  (b) larynx 
 (c) duodenum  (d) alveoli 
 Sol.319.(a)  Diaphragm  .  It  is  the  major 
 muscle  of  respiration.  Upon  inhalation, 
 the diaphragm contracts and ?attens and 
 the chest cavity enlarges. 
 Q.320.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 indigestible  portion  of  our  diet  essential 
 to  the  health  of  the  digestive  system? 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Fats  (b) Roughage 
 (c) Carbohydrates         (d) Proteins 
 Sol.320.(b) Roughage.  It includes all 
 plant  products  like  grains,  nuts,  legumes, 
 fruits,  etc.  They  are  indigestible  but  act 
 as  a  source  of  food  for  the  bene?cial 
 bacteria  present  in  our  gut.  Consumption 
 of  roughage  maintains  body  weight  and 
 also  reduces  risk  factors  of  heart 
 disease. 
 Q.321.  Complex  food  substances  break 
 down  into  simpler  ones  with  the  help  of: 
 SSC MTS 27/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) hormones  (b) enzymes 
 (c) fungi                          (d) bacteria 
 Sol.321.(b) Enzymes  . Some examples of 
 enzymes  :  Lipases  -  A  group  of  enzymes 
 that  help  digest  fats  in  the  gut.  Amylase  - 
 Helps  change  starches  into  sugars. 
 Maltase  -  Found  in  saliva;  breaks  the 
 sugar  maltose  into  glucose.  Trypsin  - 
 Found  in  the  small  intestine,  breaks 
 proteins down into amino acids. 
 Q.322.  Which  of  the  following  organs 
 secretes  hydrochloric  acid  that  helps  our 
 body in killing pathogenic bacteria? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Brain  (b) Heart (c) Kidney (d) Stomach 
 Sol.322.(d)  Stomach.  Examples  of 
 Pathogenic  bacteria  :  Pseudomonas 
 aeruginosa  -  can  cause  pneumonia  and 
 blood  infections.  Mycobacterium 
 tuberculosis  -  causes  tuberculosis. 
 Listeria  -  causes  foodborne  infections 
 and  ?u-like  symptoms.  Salmonella  - 
 causes  typhoid.  E.coli  -  causes  intestinal 
 infections with symptoms like fever and 
 diarrhoea. 
 Nervous system 
 Q.323.  Identify  the  type  of  cell  that  is 
 long and branched. 
 Matric Level 28/06/2023 (Shift - 1) 
 (a) Nerve cell 
 (b) Columnar epithelial cell 
 (c) White blood cell 
 (d) Red blood cell 
 Sol.323.(a)  Nerve  cell.  The  neural 
 system  of  all  animals  is  composed  of 
 highly  specialized  cells  called  -  neurons 
 which  can  detect,  receive  and  transmit 
 different  kinds  of  stimuli.  This  system  is 
 divided  into  two  parts  -  the  Central 
 Nervous  System  (CNS)  and  the 
 Peripheral  Nervous  System  (PNS).  The 
 CNS  consists  of  the  brain  and  spinal 
 cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves. 
 Q.324.  Which  part  of  the  human  brain  is 
 responsible for walking in a straight line? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Medulla  (b) Cerebrum 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 499
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 (c) Pons  (d) Cerebellum 
 Sol.324.(d)  Cerebellum  (also  called  the 
 little  brain).  It  controls  balance  for 
 walking  and  standing,  and  other  complex 
 motor  functions.  Cerebrum  (largest  part 
 of  the  brain,  initiates  and  coordinates 
 movement  and  regulates  temperature). 
 Medulla  (lowest  part  of  the  brain,  It  deals 
 with  the  autonomic  functions  of 
 breathing,  heart  rate,  blood  pressure,  and 
 sleep-wake cycle). 
 Q.325.  The  sensation  of  feeling  full  is 
 because  of  a  centre  associated  with 
 hunger,  which  is  in  a  separate  part  of  the 
 ______ . 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Pituitary gland  (b) Midbrain 
 (c) Forebrain              (d) Hindbrain 
 Sol.325.(c)  Forebrain  .  The  brain  is  the 
 central  information  processing  organ  of 
 our  body.  The  brain  can  be  divided  into 
 three  major  parts  :  Forebrain  consists  of 
 Hypothalamus  (regulation  of  sexual 
 behaviour,  expression  of  emotional 
 reactions)  ,  Cerebrum  (controls  memory, 
 will  power,  knowledge  etc),  Thalamus 
 (controls  pain,  cold  and  Heat).  Midbrain 
 consists  of  Tectum  (vision  and  auditory 
 re?exes)  and  Hindbrain  consists  of 
 Medulla  oblongata  (respiration, 
 cardiovascular  re?exes  and  gastric 
 secretions),  Pons  (tract  between  brain 
 and  spinal  cord)  and  Cerebellum 
 (coordination of Movement, Posture etc). 
 Q.326.  Our  brain  mainly  depends  on 
 which of the following foods? 
 Higher Secondary 02/08/2022 (Shift - 2) 
 (a) Fat and proteins 
 (b) Glucose and amino acids 
 (c) Only fat 
 (d) Only glucose 
 Sol.326.(d)  Only  glucose  .  Glucose  is  a 
 type  of  sugar  which  comes 
 predominantly  from  starchy  foods 
 (bread,  rice,  pasta  and  potatoes)  as  well 
 as  fruits,  juices,  honey,  jams  and  table 
 sugar.  The  body  tightly  regulates  blood 
 glucose  levels;  this  is  known  as  glucose 
 homeostasis. 
 Q.327.  In  which  part  of  the  human  body 
 will you ?nd the 'superior rectus'? 
 SSC CHSL 15/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Ear     (b) Eye    (c) Nose    (d) Tongue 
 Sol.327.(b)  Eye.  The  superior  rectus  is  a 
 muscle  in  the  eye  that  helps  to  elevate 
 the  eye.  This  muscle  is  among  four 
 muscles  -  including  the  medial  rectus, 
 lateral  rectus,  and  inferior  rectus,  which 
 control the eye’s movement. 
 Q.328.  Which  one  of  the  following  is  a 
 degenerative  disorder  of  the  brain  and 
 one  of  several  conditions  that  cause 
 dementia,  a  progressive  decline  of 
 mental  functions  resulting  in  memory 
 loss and confusion? 
 SSC CHSL 04/07/2019 (Evening) 
 (a)  Schizophrenia  (b)  Alzheimer's  Disease 
 (c) Amnesia          (d) Concussion 
 Sol.328.(b)  Alzheimer's  Disease  . 
 Schizophrenia  is  a  mental  disorder  that 
 affects  a  person's  thoughts,  emotions, 
 and  behavior.  Amnesia  can  be  caused  by 
 brain  injury,  stroke,  and  Alzheimer's 
 Disease.  Concussion  is  a  mild  traumatic 
 brain  injury  that  can  cause  temporary 
 symptoms  such  as  headache,  dizziness, 
 and memory loss. 
 Skeleton system 
 Q.329.  In  humans  the  neck  is  joined  by 
 the head by which of the following joints? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Ball and socket joint  (b) Hinge joint 
 (c) Pivotal joint                 (d) Fixed joint 
 Sol.329.(c)  Pivotal  joint.  Hinge  joints  - 
 Allow  movement  along  one  plane, 
 Examples:  Ankle,  elbows,  and  knee 
 joints.  Fixed  joints  -  Immovable  joints, 
 where  bones  are  not  ?exible,  Examples: 
 Upper jaw, rib cage. 
 Q.330.  Which  among  the  following  is  a 
 ?at bone? 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Ankle bones    (b) Pelvic bones 
 (c) Wrist bones     (d) Ribs 
 Sol.330.(d)  Ribs  are  a  set  of  twelve 
 paired  bones  which  form  the  protective 
 'cage'  of  the  thorax.  The  ankle  joint,  also 
 known  as  the  talocrural  joint,  is  a 
 synovial  joint  that  connects  the  bones  of 
 the  leg,  the  ?bula  and  tibia,  with  the  talus 
 of  the  foot.  Pelvic  Bone  is  a  basin 
 shaped  complex  bone  which  connects 
 the  trunk  and  legs  and  supports  the 
 urinary  bladder.  The  wrist  is  formed 
 where  the  two  bones  of  the  forearm,  the 
 radius  and  the  ulna  meet  the  carpus. 
 Other  bones  of  the  hand  -  metacarpals 
 and phalanges. 
 Q.331.  ‘The  ?uid  present  between  joints, 
 that  makes  the  movement  of  joints  easy, 
 is called: 
 SSC MTS 08/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Bursae                     (b) Synovial 
 (c) Cartilage                 (d) Tendon 
 Sol.331.(b)  Synovial  .  It  provides 
 lubrication, reduces friction between 
 bones  and  makes  the  joint  movements 
 smooth.  Examples  of  such  joints  are  ball 
 and  socket  joint,  pivot  joint,  gliding  joint, 
 hinge joint, and saddle joint. 
 Q.332.  In  which  of  the  following  parts  of 
 the  human  body  is  the  masseter  muscle 
 located? 
 SSC MTS 13/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) Hand   (b) Thigh   (c) Jaw   (d) Chest 
 Sol.332.(c)  Jaw.  The  muscle  masseter 
 is  a  facial  muscle  that  plays  a  major  role 
 in  the  chewing  of  solid  foods.  The  three 
 layers  of  the  masseter  are  the  super?cial 
 layer,  the  intermediate  layer,  and  the  deep 
 layer. 
 Q.333.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 complex  substance  that  provides 
 structural strength to plants? 
 SSC MTS 18/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Cellulose            (b) Xylem 
 (c) Phloem               (d) Cytoplasm 
 Sol.333.(a)  Cellulose  is  a  complex 
 polysaccharide  which  forms  the  principal 
 component  of  the  plant  cell  wall,  and  is 
 the  most  abundant  biopolymer  in  the 
 biological world. 
 Q.334.  The  human  shoulder  joint  is  an 
 example of a ______ joint. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) ?xed  (b) pivotal 
 (c) hinge  (d) ball and socket 
 Sol.334.(d)  Ball  and  socket  joint.  It  is  a 
 synovial  joint,  which  means  it  allows  for 
 smooth movements between bones. 
 Q.335.  The  vertebrae  are  a  part  of  which 
 of  the  following  body  systems  in 
 humans? 
 SSC CGL 17/08/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Kidney                 (b) Lungs 
 (c) Heart                   (d) Spinal cord 
 Sol.335.(d)  Spinal  cord.  The  spine  is 
 composed  of  33  vertebrae,  divided  into 
 ?ve  sections:  the  cervical,  thoracic,  and 
 lumbar  spine  sections  and  the  sacrum 
 and coccyx bones. 
 Q.336.  How  many  bones  are  there  in  the 
 human hand? 
 SSC CHSL 13/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 27      (b) 21    (c) 14    (d) 17 
 Sol.336.(a)  The  human  hand  has  27 
 bones  :  the  carpals  or  wrist  contains  8; 
 the  metacarpals  or  palm  contains  ?ve; 
 the  remaining  fourteen  are  digital  bones; 
 ?ngers and thumb. 
 Q.337.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 largest dental tissue? 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 500
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 SSC CHSL 11/8/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) Dentin (b) Pulp  (c) Enamel (d) Root 
 Sol.337.(a)  Dentin.  It  is  a  composite 
 substance  of  organic  and  inorganic 
 material  found  in  the  tooth's  interior. 
 Pulp  :  This  soft  tissue  forms  the  tooth's 
 inner  core,  containing  the  blood  vessels 
 and  nerves.  Enamel  :  It  acts  as  a 
 protective  barrier  for  the  crown  of  the 
 tooth.  It  is  the  hardest  substance  in  the 
 human body. 
 Plant kingdom 
 Q.338.  The  structure  that  produces  and 
 holds  sperm  cells  in  bryophytes 
 (non-vascular plants) and ferns is called : 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) megasporangia   (b) antheridium 
 (c) archegonium        (d) protonema 
 Sol.338.(b)  Antheridium  -  A  saclike 
 structure  and  male  sex  organ  that 
 produces  and  stores  gametes  or  sex 
 cells  called  sperm.  They  produce 
 bi?agellate  antherozoids.  Located  on:  A 
 thin  stalk  attached  to  the  gametophyte. 
 Archegonium  -  The  female  reproductive 
 organ  in  ferns  and  mosses. 
 Megasporangia  -  The  structure  in  plants 
 that  produces  megaspores.  Protonema  - 
 A  thread-like  chain  of  cells  that  forms  the 
 earliest  stage  of  development  of  the 
 gametophyte  (the  haploid  phase)  in  the 
 life cycle of mosses. 
 Q.339.  Which  of  the  following 
 statements is correct? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) The transport of male gametes in 
 bryophytes and pteridophytes occurs 
 through water. 
 (b) The transport of male gametes in 
 angiosperms occurs through water. 
 (c) The transport of male gametes in 
 bryophytes and pteridophytes occurs 
 through air. 
 (d) The transport of male gametes in 
 Gymnosperms occurs through water. 
 Sol.339.(a)  In  bryophytes  (such  as 
 mosses  and  liverworts)  and 
 pteridophytes  (such  as  ferns),  male 
 gametes  (sperm)  rely  on  water  for  their 
 transport  to  reach  the  female  gametes 
 (eggs)  for  fertilization.  Water  is  essential 
 for  the  movement  of  sperm  in  these 
 non-seed vascular plants. 
 Q.340.  The  blue  green  alga  Anabaena 
 lives  in  the  leaves  of  Azolla,  a  freshwater 
 fern,  forming  which  of  the  following 
 relationships? 
 SSC MTS 12/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Autotrophic       (b) Symbiotic 
 (c) Parasitic            (d) Saprophytic 
 Sol.340.(b)  Symbiotic  relationships  are 
 the  close  associations  formed  between 
 pairs  of  species.  They  come  in  a  variety 
 of  forms,  such  as  parasitism  (where  one 
 species  bene?ts  and  the  other  is 
 harmed),  commensalism  (where  one 
 species  bene?ts  and  the  other  is  neither 
 harmed  nor  helped)  and  Mutualism 
 (where  all  species  involved  bene?t  from 
 their  interactions).  Examples  : 
 Nitrogen-?xing  bacteria  and  leguminous 
 plants  such  as  clover,  alfalfa,  and 
 soybeans. 
 Q.341.  ______  are  the  amphibians  of  the 
 plant kingdom. 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Gymnosperm     (b) Pteridophyta 
 (c) Thallophyta        (d) Bryophyta 
 Sol.341.(d)  Bryophyta  -  They  include 
 Mosses,  liverworts  and  hornworts. 
 Thallophyta  are  mostly  non-motile 
 primitive  plant  organisms  which  show 
 simple  body  forms.  These  forms  mainly 
 include Algae, fungi. 
 Q.342.  Which  of  the  following  are 
 cryptogram? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Gymnosperm         (b) Dicots 
 (c) Angiosperm           (d) Pteridophyta 
 Sol.342.(d)  Pteridophyta.  It  belongs  to 
 the  vascular  plant  family.  They  reproduce 
 through  spores  rather  than  seeds. 
 Examples  -  ferns,  horsetails  and 
 lycophytes.  Four  classes  of  pteridophyta 
 -  Psilopsida,  Lycopsida,  Sphenopsida, 
 Pteropsida.  Cryptogams  -  A  ?owerless 
 and  seedless  group  of  plants  having 
 hidden  sex  organs.  Three  main  divisions 
 -  Thallophyta,  Bryophyta  and 
 Pteridophyte.  They  are  the  ?rst-ever 
 terrestrial  plants  to  possess  vascular 
 tissues. 
 Q.343.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 perennial  herbaceous  plant  in  the 
 nightshade  family  Solanaceae  that  is 
 used  in  alternative  medicine  as  an  aid  in 
 treating arthritis pain, colds or hay fever? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Arachis hypogaea 
 (b) Cynodon dactylon 
 (c) Cicer arietinum 
 (d) Atropa belladonna 
 Sol.343.(d)  Atropa  belladonna  -  It  is  a 
 perennial  herbaceous  plant  in  the 
 nightshade  family  Solanaceae.  It  is 
 native  to  Europe,  North  Africa,  and 
 Western  Asia.  Arachis  hypogaea  is  the 
 peanut  plant.  Cynodon  dactylon  is 
 Bermuda  grass,  a  major  tropical  grass 
 found  in  all  tropical  and  subtropical 
 areas.  Cicer  arietinum  is  the  chickpea 
 plant. 
 Q.344.  Which  is  the  only  living 
 representative  of  Sphenopsida  that  has 
 an  underground,  creeping  and  perennial 
 rhizome  that  gives  off  aerial  as  well  as 
 underground branches? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Adiantum  (b) Dryopteris 
 (c) Selaginella  (d) Equisetum 
 Sol.344.(d)  Equisetum  -  The  aerial 
 branches  are  herbaceous  and  usually 
 grow  to  a  height  of  10-60  cm,  but  they 
 can  attain  more  height  in  some  species. 
 The  pteridophytes  are  classi?ed  into 
 Psilopsida  (Psilotum),  Lycopsida 
 (Selaginella,  Lycopodium),  Sphenopsida 
 (Equisetum)  and  Pteropsida  (Dryopteris, 
 Pteris, Adiantum). 
 Q.345.  Match column A with column B. 
 Column A 
 (Type of algae) 
 Column B 
 (Proper Name) 
 a. Blue-green algae  i. Sargassum 
 b. Red algae  ii. Chlamydomonas 
 c. Green algae  iii. Rhodophyta 
 d. Brown algae  iv. Cyanobacteria 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv      (b) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv 
 (c) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i      (d) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i 
 Sol.345.(c) a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i. 
 Q.346.  Ferns,  horsetails  and  lycophytes 
 belong to which of the following groups? 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Bryophyta  (b) Pteridophyta 
 (c) Algae  (d) Fungi 
 Sol.346.(b)  Pteridophyta  are  spores  - 
 producing  vascular  plants.  Bryophytes  - 
 The  amphibians  of  the  Plant  Kingdom 
 and  they  need  water  for  fertilization. 
 Example - Liverworts, Mosses Funaria. 
 Q.347.  Select  the  incorrect  statement 
 about Gymnosperms. 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Gymnosperms are found as woody 
 shrubs, trees or lianas and include no 
 true aquatics and few epiphytes. 
 (b) Gymnosperms are seedless ?owering 
 plants. 
 (c) Gymnosperms are typically slow in 
 terms of reproduction; up to a year 
 may pass between pollination and 
 fertilization and seed maturation may 
 require 3 years. 
 (d) Gymnosperms exhibit cones or 
 storbili and naked seeds, but not 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 501
 Pinnacle  Biology 
 ?owers. 
 Sol.347.(b)  Gymnosperms  are 
 ?owerless,  seed-producing  plants.  They 
 belong  to  the  subkingdom  Embophyta. 
 Examples  -  Cycas,  Pinus,  Araucaria, 
 Thuja, Cedrus, Picea, Abies, Juniperus. 
 Q.348.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  is 
 INCORRECTLY matched? 
 SSC CGL 19/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Bryophyta - Moss 
 (b) Angiosperms - Rose 
 (c) Pteridophyta - Cycas 
 (d) Gymnosperms - Pinus 
 Sol.348.(c)  Pteridophyta - Cycas  . Cycas 
 are  classi?ed  as  gymnosperms. 
 Pteridophytes  are  types  of  plants  without 
 seeds  or  ?owers.  Example  :  Ferns, 
 horsetails  (often  treated  as  ferns),  and 
 lycophytes  (clubmosses,  spikemosses, 
 and quillworts). 
 Q.349.  Sporophyte  stage  is  dominant  in 
 which plant group? 
 SSC CGL 25/07/2023( 1st shift) 
 (a) Bryophytes     (b) Vascular plants 
 (c) Algae               (d) Pteridophytes 
 Sol.349.(b)  Vascular  plants 
 (Tracheophytes)  are  land  plants 
 containing  specialized  vascular 
 conducting  tissues  (xylem  and  phloem). 
 Examples  -  Trees,  shrubs,  grasses, 
 ?owering plants, and ferns. 
 Q.350.  Which  water-soluble  pigment 
 belonging  to  a  phenolic  group  is  present 
 in pomegranate, eggplant, black carrots 
 and red cabbage? 
 SSC CGL 26/07/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Phycoerythrin  (b) Phycobilins 
 (c) Betalains                 (d) Anthocyanins 
 Sol.350.(d)  Anthocyanins.  These  are 
 blue,  red  or  purple  pigments  found  in 
 plants,  ?owers,  fruits,  and  tubers.  It 
 appears  as  red  pigment  in  acidic 
 conditions  and  blue  pigment  in  alkaline 
 conditions.  Phenolics  -  These  are 
 chemical  components  that  occur  as 
 natural  color  pigments  responsible  for 
 the  color  of  fruits  of  plants.  Other  water 
 -soluble  pigments  :  Phycoerythrin  (a  red 
 protein  pigment)  -  Found  in 
 cyanobacteria,  red  algae  and 
 cryptophytes.  Phycobilins  -  Found  in  red 
 algae  and  blue  -  green  algae.  Betalains 
 (nitrogen  -  containing  pigments)  -  Provide 
 red  -  violet  (betacyanins)  and  the  yellow 
 (betaxanthins)  colors  to  some  fruits  and 
 vegetables. 
 Q.351.  Plants  which  are  grown  under 
 shade are known as: 
 Higher Secondary 27/06/2023 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Monocots  (b) Helophytes 
 (c) psammophytes  (d) Sciophytes 
 Sol.351.(d)  Sciophytes.  Examples  :  Java 
 Moss,  Mountain  Fern  Moss.  Monocots  - 
 A  group  of  ?owering  plants  belonging  to 
 the  class  Liliopsida  or  Monocotyledonae  . 
 Examples  -  Palms,  Grasses,  Orchids,  and 
 Lilies.  Halophytes  -  Any  perennial  marsh 
 plant  that  bears  its  overwintering  buds  in 
 the  mud  below  the  surface.  Examples  - 
 Salicornia  europaea,  Big  Saltbush. 
 Psammophytes  -  A  plant  that  grows  in 
 sandy  and  often  unstable  soils. 
 Examples  -  Agriophyllum  squarrosum, 
 Haloxylon ammodendron. 
 Q.352.  Which  is  a  multicellular 
 ?lamentous  green  alga  consisting  of  thin 
 unbranched  chains  of  cylindrical  cells 
 and  found  in  ?oating  masses  near  the 
 surface of streams and ponds? 
 Matric Level 28/06/2023 (Shift - 4) 
 (a) Ectocarpus  (b) Laminaria 
 (c) Spirogyra  (d) Chlorella 
 Sol.352.(c)  Spirogyra.  Sargassum  and 
 Laminaria  are  the  brown  seaweed/algae 
 found  in  brackish  or  salt  water  (rarely 
 found  in  freshwater).  Polysiphonia  are 
 red  algae  which  are  found  in  salt  water. 
 Ectocarpus  is  a  genus  of  ?lamentous, 
 marine  brown  algae.  Chlorella  is  a  genus 
 of  about  13  species  of  single-celled 
 green algae of the division Chlorophyta. 
 Q.353.  Which  is  a  ?owerless, 
 spore-producing  plant  that  is  usually  a 
 thin,  horn-like,  or  needle-like  a  capsule 
 with  spores  that  develops  from  a  ?at, 
 green leaf? 
 Matric Level 30/06/2023 (Shift - 3) 
 (a) Hornwort  (b) Chara 
 (c) Celandine  (d) Riccia 
 Sol.353.(a)  Hornworts  (bryophytes)  .  It 
 grows  on  rocks  in  tropical  and  temperate 
 regions.  Scienti?c  Name  - 
 Anthocerotophyta.  Chara  (A  green  algae) 
 -  It  belongs  to  the  Characeae  family,  A 
 multicellular  organism  usually  thrives  in 
 freshwater.  Celandine  -  It  is  a  botanical 
 extract  derived  from  a  plant  of  the  Poppy 
 family.  Genus  -  Stylophorum.  Riccia  -  It  is 
 a genus of liverworts. 
 Q.354.  Fungi  can  grow  on  which  of  the 
 following items? 
 I. Bread  II. Pickles III. Leather IV. Clothes 
 Select the correct option. 
 SSC MTS 02/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) I and III  (b) I and II 
 (c) I, II, III and IV  (d) I, II and III 
 Sol.354.(c) I, II, III and IV. Fungi  are 
 eukaryotic  (organisms  whose  cells 
 contain  a  nucleus  and  other  membrane 
 -bound  organelles)  organisms.  They 
 grow  in  moist  climatic  areas  where  they 
 get  enough  nutrition  for  their  growth.  The 
 fungal  spores  are  generally  present  in  the 
 air  and  grow  on  articles.  Examples  : 
 Yeasts, smuts, mildews and mushrooms. 
 Q.355.  Plants  with  green  and  tender 
 stems are called  . 
 SSC MTS 04/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) shrubs (b) trees  (c) canopy (d) herbs 
 Sol.355.(d)  Herbs.  Example  -  Cabbage, 
 Tomato,  Mustard,  Radish,  Sun?ower, 
 Carrot.  Trees  have  their  branches  in  the 
 upper  part  of  the  stem,  much  above  the 
 ground  .  Examples  -  Neem,  mango, 
 coconut.  Shrubs  have  the  stem 
 branching  out  near  the  base.  Examples  - 
 Rose, jasmine, lemon. 
 Q.356.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 Phanerogams,  ?owering  and  seed 
 -bearing plants? 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Gymnosperms  (b) Pteridophyta 
 (c) Bryophyta            (d) Thallophyta 
 Sol.356.(a)  Gymnosperms  -  whose 
 seeds  are  completely  naked  and  lack  an 
 ovary.  characteristic  -  well  developed  tap 
 root,  Needle-like  leaves,  seeds  but  no 
 fruits.  Examples  -  Pine,  Ginkgo,  Pinus 
 Tree.  Reproduction  -  sexually  and 
 asexually. 
 Q.357.  Which  among  the  following  is  an 
 example of Angiosperm in Plant 
 Kingdom? 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Pinus (b) Chara (c)Tomato (d) Funaria 
 Sol.357.(c)  Tomato.  The  plant  kingdom 
 is  classi?ed  into  ?ve  subgroups  - 
 Thallophyta,  Bryophyta,  Pteridophyta, 
 Gymnosperms, Angiosperms. 
 Q.358.  Which  among  the  following  plant 
 kingdoms  are  divided  into  liverworts  and 
 mosses ? 
 SSC MTS 19/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Pteridophytes  (b) Spermatophyta 
 (c) Sphenopsida  (d) Bryophytes 
 Sol.358.(d)  Bryophytes.  It  is  also  called 
 amphibians  of  the  plant  kingdom 
 because  these  plants  can  live  in  soil  but 
 are  dependent  on  water  for  sexual 
 reproduction.  Spermatophytes  -  A  subset 
 of the embryophytes or land plants. 
 Q.359.  Which  among  the  following  are 
 called  the  amphibians  of  the  plant 
 kingdom? 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 502