SSC CGL Previous Year Questions (2023-20): Geography - 1 | SSC CGL Previous Year Papers PDF Download

 Page 1


 Pinnacle  Geography 
 Geography 
 Solar System And Its Planets 
 Q.1.  Which  is  the  most  widely  accepted 
 model  to  explain  the  formation  and 
 evaluation of the solar system? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Cloud hypothesis 
 (b) Gas hypothesis 
 (c) Nebular hypothesis 
 (d) Solar hypothesis 
 Sol.1.(c)  Nebular  hypothesis  -  The 
 planets  were  formed  out  of  a  cloud  of 
 material  associated  with  a  youthful  sun, 
 which  was  slowly  rotating.  The  theory 
 was  developed  by  Immanuel  Kant.  But 
 Mathematician  Laplace  revised  it  in 
 1796.  Other  Hypothesis:  Big  Bang  Theory 
 -  Propounded  by  George  Lamaitre  related 
 to the origin of the universe . 
 Q.2.  Terrestrial  planets  are  composed 
 of______. 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) metals and air     (b) rocks and metals 
 (c) metals and gas  (d) rocks and gas 
 Sol.2.(b)  Rocks  and  metals.  Terrestrial 
 Planets  -  Mercury,  Venus  (Earth’s  sister 
 planet),  Earth  and  Mars.  They  are 
 categorised  into  the  following:  Silicate 
 Planets,  Iron  Planets,  Coreless  Planets, 
 Carbon  (diamond)  Planets.  Saturn, 
 Jupiter,  Uranus  and  Neptune  are  called 
 Jovian  Planets  because  of  their  large 
 size  (Jovian  is  named  after  Jupiter)  and 
 their hydrogen content. 
 Q.3.  Which  trend  is  found  about  the 
 distance between the galaxies? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Unpredictable  (b) Decreasing 
 (c) Constant             (d) Increasing 
 Sol.3.(d)  Increasing.  In  1929,  Edwin 
 Hubble  announced  that  almost  all 
 galaxies  appeared  to  be  moving  away 
 from  us.  He  found  that  the  universe  was 
 expanding  -  with  all  of  the  galaxies 
 moving  away  from  each  other.  This 
 phenomenon  was  observed  as  a  redshift 
 of a galaxy's spectrum. 
 Q.4.  On  which  planet  has  a  rotating  oval 
 of  clouds,  twice  as  wide  as  Earth,  called 
 the  'Great  Red  Spot'  been  observed  for 
 more than 300 years ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Jupiter  (d) Venus 
 Sol.4.(c)  Jupiter  is  the  largest  planet  in 
 the solar system. It is made mostly of 
 hydrogen  and  helium.  Number  of  Moons 
 -  95.  Neptune  -  It  is  the  only  planet  in  our 
 solar  system  not  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
 It has 14 Moons. 
 Q.5.  Which  scientist  thought  of  the 
 concept  of  the  steady  state  of  the 
 universe? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Harold Jeffrey   (b) Edwin Hubble 
 (c) Fred Hoyle         (d) Pierre - Laplace 
 Sol.5.(c)  Fred  Hoyle.  Steady-State 
 Theory  :  It  is  a  theoretical  model  in  which 
 the  Universe  is  constantly  expanding  but 
 with  a  ?xed  average  density.  The  theory 
 was  put  forward  by  three  scientists 
 (1948)  :  Sir  Hermann  Bondi,  Thomas 
 Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle. 
 Q.6.  From  the  given  alternatives,  identify 
 the dwarf planet. 
 Higher Secondary 30/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Pluto (b) Mercury (c) Neptune (d) Mars 
 Sol.6.(a)  Pluto.  The  ?ve  dwarf  planets 
 are  Ceres,  Pluto,  Makemake,  Haumea, 
 and  Eris.  A  dwarf  planet  is  a  celestial 
 body  that  is  in  orbit  around  the  Sun  and 
 has  enough  mass  to  be  roughly  round  in 
 shape. 
 Q.7.  Which  among  the  following  planets 
 is also known as "morning star"? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Neptune (c) Venus (d) Earth 
 Sol.7.(c)  Venus  -  The  second  planet 
 closest  to  the  sun.  It  is  also  called  Earth’s 
 twin  sister  because  it  is  similar  in  size  and 
 density  as  of  the  Earth.  It  is  also  known  as 
 Morning  and  Evening  Star.  It  rotates  from 
 east  to  west  i.e.  in  clockwise  direction.  It 
 does not have its own natural satellite. 
 Q.8.  Cosmic  snowballs  of  frozen  gases, 
 rock  and  dust  that  orbit  the  Sun  are 
 known as_______. 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Meteors  (b) Star 
 (c) Meteorites  (d) Comets 
 Sol.8.(d)  Comets.  Meteors  are  bits  of 
 rock  and  ice  that  are  ejected  from 
 comets  as  they  move  in  their  orbits 
 about  the  Sun.  Meteorite  -  Asteroids 
 after  the  collision  are  known  as  a 
 meteorite.  usually  originate  from  the 
 asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. 
 Q.9.  Which  among  the  following  is  the 
 coldest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Mars  (b) Neptune (c) Saturn (d) Uranus 
 Sol.9.(d) Uranus.  Neptune is the second 
 coldest planet. Venus is the hottest 
 planet of all eight planets. 
 Q.10.  The  Kuiper  Belt  is  a  ring  of  icy 
 rocks  &  dust  bodies  just  outside  the  orbit 
 of___. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Saturn (b) Venus (c) Jupiter (d) Neptune 
 Sol.10.(d)  Neptune  -  Farthest-known 
 planet  from  the  Sun.  Rotation  on  its  axis  - 
 16  hours.  Revolution  -  165  Earth  years. 
 Size  -  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth.  Moons 
 -  14.  Natural  satellite  -  Triton  (largest 
 moon).  Only  a  planet  which  is  invisible  to 
 the naked eye. 
 Q.11.  The  moon  moves  around  the  earth 
 in about ______  _  days. 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 21  (b) 23  (c) 27  (d) 25 
 Sol.11.(c)  27.  Moon  is  the  only  natural 
 satellite  of  planet  Earth.  It  takes  27  days, 
 7  hours  and  43  minutes  to  complete  one 
 revolution  around  the  Earth.  Earth's  Moon 
 is  the  ?fth  largest  moon  in  the  solar 
 system  (Largest  -  Ganymede  of  Jupiter). 
 Distance - 384,400 kilometers from Earth. 
 Q.12.  Minal  wrote  an  essay  on  the 
 largest  moon  of  Saturn.  Which  among 
 the following moons is it? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Atlas  (b) Titan  (c) Carme  (d) Europa 
 Sol.12.(b)  Titan  -  The  second-largest 
 moon  in  our  solar  system.  Ganymede 
 (Jupiter’s  moon  )  is  the  largest  moon  in 
 the  solar  system.  Atlas  -  It  is  a  satellite 
 of  Saturn  which  was  discovered  by 
 Richard  Terrile.  Carme  -  It  is  one  of  the 
 moons  of  Jupiter  which  was  discovered 
 by  Seth  Barnes  Nicholson.  Europa  -  It  is 
 the moon of Jupiter. 
 Q.13.  What is the radius of the earth? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 7456 km  (b) 6371 km 
 (c) 5619 km  (d) 4728 km 
 Sol.13.(b)  6371  km.  Earth  Distance  from 
 the  Sun  (150  million  km),  Surface  area: 
 510.1  million  km²,  Land  area:  149  million 
 km², Gravity: 9.8 m/s². 
 Q.14.  Which  of  the  following 
 constellations is also called the hunter? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Cassiopeia  (b) Leo Major 
 (c) Ursa Major  (d) Orion 
 Sol.14.(d)  Orion  is  located  on  the 
 celestial  equator  and  can  be  seen 
 throughout  the  world.  It  is  named  after 
 the  hunter  in  Greek.  Ursa  Major  or  Great 
 Bear:  A  constellation  in  the  northern  sky. 
 The  constellation  Leo  :  Seen  in  the 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 288
Page 2


 Pinnacle  Geography 
 Geography 
 Solar System And Its Planets 
 Q.1.  Which  is  the  most  widely  accepted 
 model  to  explain  the  formation  and 
 evaluation of the solar system? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Cloud hypothesis 
 (b) Gas hypothesis 
 (c) Nebular hypothesis 
 (d) Solar hypothesis 
 Sol.1.(c)  Nebular  hypothesis  -  The 
 planets  were  formed  out  of  a  cloud  of 
 material  associated  with  a  youthful  sun, 
 which  was  slowly  rotating.  The  theory 
 was  developed  by  Immanuel  Kant.  But 
 Mathematician  Laplace  revised  it  in 
 1796.  Other  Hypothesis:  Big  Bang  Theory 
 -  Propounded  by  George  Lamaitre  related 
 to the origin of the universe . 
 Q.2.  Terrestrial  planets  are  composed 
 of______. 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) metals and air     (b) rocks and metals 
 (c) metals and gas  (d) rocks and gas 
 Sol.2.(b)  Rocks  and  metals.  Terrestrial 
 Planets  -  Mercury,  Venus  (Earth’s  sister 
 planet),  Earth  and  Mars.  They  are 
 categorised  into  the  following:  Silicate 
 Planets,  Iron  Planets,  Coreless  Planets, 
 Carbon  (diamond)  Planets.  Saturn, 
 Jupiter,  Uranus  and  Neptune  are  called 
 Jovian  Planets  because  of  their  large 
 size  (Jovian  is  named  after  Jupiter)  and 
 their hydrogen content. 
 Q.3.  Which  trend  is  found  about  the 
 distance between the galaxies? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Unpredictable  (b) Decreasing 
 (c) Constant             (d) Increasing 
 Sol.3.(d)  Increasing.  In  1929,  Edwin 
 Hubble  announced  that  almost  all 
 galaxies  appeared  to  be  moving  away 
 from  us.  He  found  that  the  universe  was 
 expanding  -  with  all  of  the  galaxies 
 moving  away  from  each  other.  This 
 phenomenon  was  observed  as  a  redshift 
 of a galaxy's spectrum. 
 Q.4.  On  which  planet  has  a  rotating  oval 
 of  clouds,  twice  as  wide  as  Earth,  called 
 the  'Great  Red  Spot'  been  observed  for 
 more than 300 years ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Jupiter  (d) Venus 
 Sol.4.(c)  Jupiter  is  the  largest  planet  in 
 the solar system. It is made mostly of 
 hydrogen  and  helium.  Number  of  Moons 
 -  95.  Neptune  -  It  is  the  only  planet  in  our 
 solar  system  not  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
 It has 14 Moons. 
 Q.5.  Which  scientist  thought  of  the 
 concept  of  the  steady  state  of  the 
 universe? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Harold Jeffrey   (b) Edwin Hubble 
 (c) Fred Hoyle         (d) Pierre - Laplace 
 Sol.5.(c)  Fred  Hoyle.  Steady-State 
 Theory  :  It  is  a  theoretical  model  in  which 
 the  Universe  is  constantly  expanding  but 
 with  a  ?xed  average  density.  The  theory 
 was  put  forward  by  three  scientists 
 (1948)  :  Sir  Hermann  Bondi,  Thomas 
 Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle. 
 Q.6.  From  the  given  alternatives,  identify 
 the dwarf planet. 
 Higher Secondary 30/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Pluto (b) Mercury (c) Neptune (d) Mars 
 Sol.6.(a)  Pluto.  The  ?ve  dwarf  planets 
 are  Ceres,  Pluto,  Makemake,  Haumea, 
 and  Eris.  A  dwarf  planet  is  a  celestial 
 body  that  is  in  orbit  around  the  Sun  and 
 has  enough  mass  to  be  roughly  round  in 
 shape. 
 Q.7.  Which  among  the  following  planets 
 is also known as "morning star"? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Neptune (c) Venus (d) Earth 
 Sol.7.(c)  Venus  -  The  second  planet 
 closest  to  the  sun.  It  is  also  called  Earth’s 
 twin  sister  because  it  is  similar  in  size  and 
 density  as  of  the  Earth.  It  is  also  known  as 
 Morning  and  Evening  Star.  It  rotates  from 
 east  to  west  i.e.  in  clockwise  direction.  It 
 does not have its own natural satellite. 
 Q.8.  Cosmic  snowballs  of  frozen  gases, 
 rock  and  dust  that  orbit  the  Sun  are 
 known as_______. 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Meteors  (b) Star 
 (c) Meteorites  (d) Comets 
 Sol.8.(d)  Comets.  Meteors  are  bits  of 
 rock  and  ice  that  are  ejected  from 
 comets  as  they  move  in  their  orbits 
 about  the  Sun.  Meteorite  -  Asteroids 
 after  the  collision  are  known  as  a 
 meteorite.  usually  originate  from  the 
 asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. 
 Q.9.  Which  among  the  following  is  the 
 coldest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Mars  (b) Neptune (c) Saturn (d) Uranus 
 Sol.9.(d) Uranus.  Neptune is the second 
 coldest planet. Venus is the hottest 
 planet of all eight planets. 
 Q.10.  The  Kuiper  Belt  is  a  ring  of  icy 
 rocks  &  dust  bodies  just  outside  the  orbit 
 of___. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Saturn (b) Venus (c) Jupiter (d) Neptune 
 Sol.10.(d)  Neptune  -  Farthest-known 
 planet  from  the  Sun.  Rotation  on  its  axis  - 
 16  hours.  Revolution  -  165  Earth  years. 
 Size  -  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth.  Moons 
 -  14.  Natural  satellite  -  Triton  (largest 
 moon).  Only  a  planet  which  is  invisible  to 
 the naked eye. 
 Q.11.  The  moon  moves  around  the  earth 
 in about ______  _  days. 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 21  (b) 23  (c) 27  (d) 25 
 Sol.11.(c)  27.  Moon  is  the  only  natural 
 satellite  of  planet  Earth.  It  takes  27  days, 
 7  hours  and  43  minutes  to  complete  one 
 revolution  around  the  Earth.  Earth's  Moon 
 is  the  ?fth  largest  moon  in  the  solar 
 system  (Largest  -  Ganymede  of  Jupiter). 
 Distance - 384,400 kilometers from Earth. 
 Q.12.  Minal  wrote  an  essay  on  the 
 largest  moon  of  Saturn.  Which  among 
 the following moons is it? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Atlas  (b) Titan  (c) Carme  (d) Europa 
 Sol.12.(b)  Titan  -  The  second-largest 
 moon  in  our  solar  system.  Ganymede 
 (Jupiter’s  moon  )  is  the  largest  moon  in 
 the  solar  system.  Atlas  -  It  is  a  satellite 
 of  Saturn  which  was  discovered  by 
 Richard  Terrile.  Carme  -  It  is  one  of  the 
 moons  of  Jupiter  which  was  discovered 
 by  Seth  Barnes  Nicholson.  Europa  -  It  is 
 the moon of Jupiter. 
 Q.13.  What is the radius of the earth? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 7456 km  (b) 6371 km 
 (c) 5619 km  (d) 4728 km 
 Sol.13.(b)  6371  km.  Earth  Distance  from 
 the  Sun  (150  million  km),  Surface  area: 
 510.1  million  km²,  Land  area:  149  million 
 km², Gravity: 9.8 m/s². 
 Q.14.  Which  of  the  following 
 constellations is also called the hunter? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Cassiopeia  (b) Leo Major 
 (c) Ursa Major  (d) Orion 
 Sol.14.(d)  Orion  is  located  on  the 
 celestial  equator  and  can  be  seen 
 throughout  the  world.  It  is  named  after 
 the  hunter  in  Greek.  Ursa  Major  or  Great 
 Bear:  A  constellation  in  the  northern  sky. 
 The  constellation  Leo  :  Seen  in  the 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 288
 Pinnacle  Geography 
 northern  hemisphere  in  the  spring. 
 Cassiopeia  :  A  large  constellation 
 located  in  the  northern  sky,  named  after 
 Cassiopeia,  the  vain  and  boastful  queen 
 in greek. There are 88 constellations. 
 Q.15.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 another word for universe? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Big Crunch  (b) Astronomy 
 (c) Cosmos  (d) Supernova 
 Sol.15.(c)  Cosmos  (Greek  word) 
 meaning both "order" and "world". 
 Q.16  .  Each  orbit  of  the  International 
 Space Station (ISS) takes _____minutes . 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 80 - 82  (b) 85 - 87 
 (c) 90 - 93  (d) 83 - 86 
 Sol.16.(c) 90-93  . In 24 hours, the space 
 station  makes  16  orbits  of  Earth, 
 traveling  through  16  sunrises  and 
 sunsets. 
 Q.17.  In  approximately  how  much  time 
 does  Mars  complete  one  spin  on  its 
 axis? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 16 hours  (b) 8 hours 
 (c) 1 day 18 hours      (d) 1day 
 Sol.17.(d)  1  day.  Rotation  time  of  planets 
 (Approx.):  Earth  (1  day  -  23  hours  56 
 min),  Jupiter  (9  hours  56  minutes), 
 Saturn  (10  hours  40  minutes),  Uranus  (17 
 hours  14  minutes)  and  Neptune  (16 
 hours). 
 Q.18.  Which  among  the  following  is  not  a 
 type of solar eclipse? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Annular  (b) Partial 
 (c) Penumbral  (d) Total 
 Sol.18.(c)  Penumbral  (Lunar  eclipse)  .  A 
 solar  eclipse  occurs  when  the  Moon 
 passes  between  Earth  and  the  Sun. 
 Types  of  solar  eclipse:  Total  (Completely 
 blocking  the  face  of  the  Sun),  Hybrid  (the 
 Moon  is  farther  away  from  Earth,  it 
 appears  smaller  than  the  Sun  and  does 
 not  completely  cover  the  Sun)  and 
 Annular  (when  Sun  is  at  or  near  its 
 farthest point from Earth). 
 Q.19.  The distance of the Sun from the 
 Earth is about ________  light minutes. 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 6  (b) 4.3  (c) 12  (d) 8 
 Sol.19.(d)  8.  Interstellar  distance: 
 Distance  between  any  two  celestial 
 bodies;  measured  in  astronomical  units 
 (AU).  Moon:  1.3  light-seconds  away  from 
 the  Earth.  Proxima  Centauri:  4.2 
 light-years  from  Sun.  Light  -  year  is  the 
 distance  light  travels  in  one  year.  1  Light 
 year = 63241 AU (approx). 
 Q.20.  The  asteroid  belt  lies  between 
 which two planets ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Jupiter and Saturn 
 (b) Mars and Jupiter 
 (c) Saturn and Uranus 
 (d) Mercury and Venus 
 Sol.20.(b)  Mars  and  Jupiter.  Asteroid 
 Belt  separates  the  inner  and  outer 
 planets.  Jupiter  and  Saturn,  Uranus  and 
 Neptune  are  the  Outer  planets  (Last  four 
 from  the  Sun)  and  also  known  as  Jovian 
 Planets.  The  ?rst  four  planets  (Mercury, 
 Venus,  Earth  and  Mars)  are  known  as 
 Inner or Terrestrial planets. 
 Q.21.  In  early  1610,  who  discovered  with 
 his  newly  invented  telescope  that  Jupiter 
 has four moons? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Simon Marius      (b) Tycho Brahe 
 (c) Galileo Galilei       (d) Johannes Kepler 
 Sol.21.(c)  Galileo  Galilei.  He  was  an 
 Italian  astronomer  and  scientist.  He 
 described  the  rings  of  Saturn,  the  phases 
 of  Venus,  sunsets,  and  the  bumpy  lunar 
 surface.  The  four  moons  he  discovered 
 were:  Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. 
 Q.22.  Who  was  the  ?rst  to  accurately 
 describe  the  rings  of  Saturn  as  a  disc 
 around the planet in 1655? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Hideki Yukawa 
 (b) Galileo Galilei 
 (c) Christiaan Huygens 
 (d) Giovanni Cassini 
 Sol.22.(c)  Christiaan  Huygens.  His  other 
 inventions:  pendulum  clock,  Centrifugal 
 governors and magic lantern. 
 Q.23.  The  moon  completes  ______ 
 rotation  on  its  axis  as  it  completes  one 
 revolution around the Earth. 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 3  (b) 2  (c) 1  (d) 4 
 Sol.23.(c)  1.  The  Moon  is  Earth's  only 
 natural  satellite  circling  the  planet  at  an 
 average  distance  of  384,400  kilometers. 
 The  Moon's  presence  helps  stabilize  our 
 planet  and  moderate  our  climate.  A 
 single  orbit  of  our  planet  takes  the  Moon 
 27.3  Earth  days  -  The  same  amount  of 
 time  it  takes  for  the  satellite  to  also 
 rotate  once  on  its  axis.  Huygens  is  the 
 Moon's tallest mountain. 
 Q.24.  Which of the following is a part of 
 celestial objects? 
 I. Stars ,  II. Planets ,  III. Moon 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Only I and III  (b) Only I and II 
 (c) I, II and III  (d) Only II and III 
 Sol.24.(c)  I,  II  and  III.  Celestial  bodies 
 (heavenly  bodies)  include:  Planets,  Stars, 
 Satellites,  Comets,  Asteroids,  Meteors 
 and  Meteorites,  Galaxies.  Halley's  Comet 
 (1P/Halley)  is  a  short-period  comet 
 visible from Earth every 75–79 years. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 regarding the moon is correct? 
 I.  The  size  of  the  illuminated  part  of  the 
 moon  visible  from  the  Earth  increases 
 each day after the new moon day. 
 II.  After  the  full  moon  day,  the  sunlit  part 
 of  the  moon  visible  from  the  Earth 
 decreases in size every day. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only I 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.25.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  When  there  are 
 two  full  moons  within  a  month,  the 
 second  full  moon  is  called  a  Blue  Moon, 
 When  a  full  moon  occurs  at  its  perigee 
 (the  moon  is  closest  to  the  earth)  it  is 
 called a Supermoon. 
 Q.26.  Which  of  the  following  dwarf 
 planets lies in the main asteroid belt ? 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022(Afternoon) 
 (a) Eris  (b) Makemake 
 (c) Ceres  (d) Haumea 
 Sol.26.(c)  Ceres  is  a  dwarf  planet  in  the 
 asteroid  belt  between  the  orbits  of  Mars 
 and  Jupiter.  Eris  is  the  most  massive  and 
 one  of  the  largest  known  dwarf  planets  in 
 the  Solar  System.  Haumea  is  a  dwarf 
 planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. 
 Q.27.  The  ______  radiation  belts  are  giant 
 swaths  of  magnetically  trapped  highly 
 energetic charged particles that surround 
 Earth. 
 SSC CGL 13/04/2022(Morning) 
 (a) Van Allen            (b) Aurora 
 (c) Kuiper  (d) Chinook 
 Sol.27.(a)  Van  Allen.  An  aurora  is  a 
 natural  phenomenon  which  is 
 characterized  by  a  display  of  a 
 natural-coloured  (green,  red,  yellow  or 
 white)  light  in  the  sky.  Kuiper  belt,  ?at 
 ring  of  icy  small  bodies  that  revolve 
 around  the  Sun  beyond  the  orbit  of  the 
 planet Neptune. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  celestial 
 bodies  has  a  natural  satellite  named 
 ‘Charon’? 
 SSC MTS 05/10/2021(Evening) 
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Page 3


 Pinnacle  Geography 
 Geography 
 Solar System And Its Planets 
 Q.1.  Which  is  the  most  widely  accepted 
 model  to  explain  the  formation  and 
 evaluation of the solar system? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Cloud hypothesis 
 (b) Gas hypothesis 
 (c) Nebular hypothesis 
 (d) Solar hypothesis 
 Sol.1.(c)  Nebular  hypothesis  -  The 
 planets  were  formed  out  of  a  cloud  of 
 material  associated  with  a  youthful  sun, 
 which  was  slowly  rotating.  The  theory 
 was  developed  by  Immanuel  Kant.  But 
 Mathematician  Laplace  revised  it  in 
 1796.  Other  Hypothesis:  Big  Bang  Theory 
 -  Propounded  by  George  Lamaitre  related 
 to the origin of the universe . 
 Q.2.  Terrestrial  planets  are  composed 
 of______. 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) metals and air     (b) rocks and metals 
 (c) metals and gas  (d) rocks and gas 
 Sol.2.(b)  Rocks  and  metals.  Terrestrial 
 Planets  -  Mercury,  Venus  (Earth’s  sister 
 planet),  Earth  and  Mars.  They  are 
 categorised  into  the  following:  Silicate 
 Planets,  Iron  Planets,  Coreless  Planets, 
 Carbon  (diamond)  Planets.  Saturn, 
 Jupiter,  Uranus  and  Neptune  are  called 
 Jovian  Planets  because  of  their  large 
 size  (Jovian  is  named  after  Jupiter)  and 
 their hydrogen content. 
 Q.3.  Which  trend  is  found  about  the 
 distance between the galaxies? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Unpredictable  (b) Decreasing 
 (c) Constant             (d) Increasing 
 Sol.3.(d)  Increasing.  In  1929,  Edwin 
 Hubble  announced  that  almost  all 
 galaxies  appeared  to  be  moving  away 
 from  us.  He  found  that  the  universe  was 
 expanding  -  with  all  of  the  galaxies 
 moving  away  from  each  other.  This 
 phenomenon  was  observed  as  a  redshift 
 of a galaxy's spectrum. 
 Q.4.  On  which  planet  has  a  rotating  oval 
 of  clouds,  twice  as  wide  as  Earth,  called 
 the  'Great  Red  Spot'  been  observed  for 
 more than 300 years ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Jupiter  (d) Venus 
 Sol.4.(c)  Jupiter  is  the  largest  planet  in 
 the solar system. It is made mostly of 
 hydrogen  and  helium.  Number  of  Moons 
 -  95.  Neptune  -  It  is  the  only  planet  in  our 
 solar  system  not  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
 It has 14 Moons. 
 Q.5.  Which  scientist  thought  of  the 
 concept  of  the  steady  state  of  the 
 universe? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Harold Jeffrey   (b) Edwin Hubble 
 (c) Fred Hoyle         (d) Pierre - Laplace 
 Sol.5.(c)  Fred  Hoyle.  Steady-State 
 Theory  :  It  is  a  theoretical  model  in  which 
 the  Universe  is  constantly  expanding  but 
 with  a  ?xed  average  density.  The  theory 
 was  put  forward  by  three  scientists 
 (1948)  :  Sir  Hermann  Bondi,  Thomas 
 Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle. 
 Q.6.  From  the  given  alternatives,  identify 
 the dwarf planet. 
 Higher Secondary 30/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Pluto (b) Mercury (c) Neptune (d) Mars 
 Sol.6.(a)  Pluto.  The  ?ve  dwarf  planets 
 are  Ceres,  Pluto,  Makemake,  Haumea, 
 and  Eris.  A  dwarf  planet  is  a  celestial 
 body  that  is  in  orbit  around  the  Sun  and 
 has  enough  mass  to  be  roughly  round  in 
 shape. 
 Q.7.  Which  among  the  following  planets 
 is also known as "morning star"? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Neptune (c) Venus (d) Earth 
 Sol.7.(c)  Venus  -  The  second  planet 
 closest  to  the  sun.  It  is  also  called  Earth’s 
 twin  sister  because  it  is  similar  in  size  and 
 density  as  of  the  Earth.  It  is  also  known  as 
 Morning  and  Evening  Star.  It  rotates  from 
 east  to  west  i.e.  in  clockwise  direction.  It 
 does not have its own natural satellite. 
 Q.8.  Cosmic  snowballs  of  frozen  gases, 
 rock  and  dust  that  orbit  the  Sun  are 
 known as_______. 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Meteors  (b) Star 
 (c) Meteorites  (d) Comets 
 Sol.8.(d)  Comets.  Meteors  are  bits  of 
 rock  and  ice  that  are  ejected  from 
 comets  as  they  move  in  their  orbits 
 about  the  Sun.  Meteorite  -  Asteroids 
 after  the  collision  are  known  as  a 
 meteorite.  usually  originate  from  the 
 asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. 
 Q.9.  Which  among  the  following  is  the 
 coldest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Mars  (b) Neptune (c) Saturn (d) Uranus 
 Sol.9.(d) Uranus.  Neptune is the second 
 coldest planet. Venus is the hottest 
 planet of all eight planets. 
 Q.10.  The  Kuiper  Belt  is  a  ring  of  icy 
 rocks  &  dust  bodies  just  outside  the  orbit 
 of___. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Saturn (b) Venus (c) Jupiter (d) Neptune 
 Sol.10.(d)  Neptune  -  Farthest-known 
 planet  from  the  Sun.  Rotation  on  its  axis  - 
 16  hours.  Revolution  -  165  Earth  years. 
 Size  -  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth.  Moons 
 -  14.  Natural  satellite  -  Triton  (largest 
 moon).  Only  a  planet  which  is  invisible  to 
 the naked eye. 
 Q.11.  The  moon  moves  around  the  earth 
 in about ______  _  days. 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 21  (b) 23  (c) 27  (d) 25 
 Sol.11.(c)  27.  Moon  is  the  only  natural 
 satellite  of  planet  Earth.  It  takes  27  days, 
 7  hours  and  43  minutes  to  complete  one 
 revolution  around  the  Earth.  Earth's  Moon 
 is  the  ?fth  largest  moon  in  the  solar 
 system  (Largest  -  Ganymede  of  Jupiter). 
 Distance - 384,400 kilometers from Earth. 
 Q.12.  Minal  wrote  an  essay  on  the 
 largest  moon  of  Saturn.  Which  among 
 the following moons is it? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Atlas  (b) Titan  (c) Carme  (d) Europa 
 Sol.12.(b)  Titan  -  The  second-largest 
 moon  in  our  solar  system.  Ganymede 
 (Jupiter’s  moon  )  is  the  largest  moon  in 
 the  solar  system.  Atlas  -  It  is  a  satellite 
 of  Saturn  which  was  discovered  by 
 Richard  Terrile.  Carme  -  It  is  one  of  the 
 moons  of  Jupiter  which  was  discovered 
 by  Seth  Barnes  Nicholson.  Europa  -  It  is 
 the moon of Jupiter. 
 Q.13.  What is the radius of the earth? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 7456 km  (b) 6371 km 
 (c) 5619 km  (d) 4728 km 
 Sol.13.(b)  6371  km.  Earth  Distance  from 
 the  Sun  (150  million  km),  Surface  area: 
 510.1  million  km²,  Land  area:  149  million 
 km², Gravity: 9.8 m/s². 
 Q.14.  Which  of  the  following 
 constellations is also called the hunter? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Cassiopeia  (b) Leo Major 
 (c) Ursa Major  (d) Orion 
 Sol.14.(d)  Orion  is  located  on  the 
 celestial  equator  and  can  be  seen 
 throughout  the  world.  It  is  named  after 
 the  hunter  in  Greek.  Ursa  Major  or  Great 
 Bear:  A  constellation  in  the  northern  sky. 
 The  constellation  Leo  :  Seen  in  the 
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 Pinnacle  Geography 
 northern  hemisphere  in  the  spring. 
 Cassiopeia  :  A  large  constellation 
 located  in  the  northern  sky,  named  after 
 Cassiopeia,  the  vain  and  boastful  queen 
 in greek. There are 88 constellations. 
 Q.15.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 another word for universe? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Big Crunch  (b) Astronomy 
 (c) Cosmos  (d) Supernova 
 Sol.15.(c)  Cosmos  (Greek  word) 
 meaning both "order" and "world". 
 Q.16  .  Each  orbit  of  the  International 
 Space Station (ISS) takes _____minutes . 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 80 - 82  (b) 85 - 87 
 (c) 90 - 93  (d) 83 - 86 
 Sol.16.(c) 90-93  . In 24 hours, the space 
 station  makes  16  orbits  of  Earth, 
 traveling  through  16  sunrises  and 
 sunsets. 
 Q.17.  In  approximately  how  much  time 
 does  Mars  complete  one  spin  on  its 
 axis? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 16 hours  (b) 8 hours 
 (c) 1 day 18 hours      (d) 1day 
 Sol.17.(d)  1  day.  Rotation  time  of  planets 
 (Approx.):  Earth  (1  day  -  23  hours  56 
 min),  Jupiter  (9  hours  56  minutes), 
 Saturn  (10  hours  40  minutes),  Uranus  (17 
 hours  14  minutes)  and  Neptune  (16 
 hours). 
 Q.18.  Which  among  the  following  is  not  a 
 type of solar eclipse? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Annular  (b) Partial 
 (c) Penumbral  (d) Total 
 Sol.18.(c)  Penumbral  (Lunar  eclipse)  .  A 
 solar  eclipse  occurs  when  the  Moon 
 passes  between  Earth  and  the  Sun. 
 Types  of  solar  eclipse:  Total  (Completely 
 blocking  the  face  of  the  Sun),  Hybrid  (the 
 Moon  is  farther  away  from  Earth,  it 
 appears  smaller  than  the  Sun  and  does 
 not  completely  cover  the  Sun)  and 
 Annular  (when  Sun  is  at  or  near  its 
 farthest point from Earth). 
 Q.19.  The distance of the Sun from the 
 Earth is about ________  light minutes. 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 6  (b) 4.3  (c) 12  (d) 8 
 Sol.19.(d)  8.  Interstellar  distance: 
 Distance  between  any  two  celestial 
 bodies;  measured  in  astronomical  units 
 (AU).  Moon:  1.3  light-seconds  away  from 
 the  Earth.  Proxima  Centauri:  4.2 
 light-years  from  Sun.  Light  -  year  is  the 
 distance  light  travels  in  one  year.  1  Light 
 year = 63241 AU (approx). 
 Q.20.  The  asteroid  belt  lies  between 
 which two planets ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Jupiter and Saturn 
 (b) Mars and Jupiter 
 (c) Saturn and Uranus 
 (d) Mercury and Venus 
 Sol.20.(b)  Mars  and  Jupiter.  Asteroid 
 Belt  separates  the  inner  and  outer 
 planets.  Jupiter  and  Saturn,  Uranus  and 
 Neptune  are  the  Outer  planets  (Last  four 
 from  the  Sun)  and  also  known  as  Jovian 
 Planets.  The  ?rst  four  planets  (Mercury, 
 Venus,  Earth  and  Mars)  are  known  as 
 Inner or Terrestrial planets. 
 Q.21.  In  early  1610,  who  discovered  with 
 his  newly  invented  telescope  that  Jupiter 
 has four moons? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Simon Marius      (b) Tycho Brahe 
 (c) Galileo Galilei       (d) Johannes Kepler 
 Sol.21.(c)  Galileo  Galilei.  He  was  an 
 Italian  astronomer  and  scientist.  He 
 described  the  rings  of  Saturn,  the  phases 
 of  Venus,  sunsets,  and  the  bumpy  lunar 
 surface.  The  four  moons  he  discovered 
 were:  Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. 
 Q.22.  Who  was  the  ?rst  to  accurately 
 describe  the  rings  of  Saturn  as  a  disc 
 around the planet in 1655? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Hideki Yukawa 
 (b) Galileo Galilei 
 (c) Christiaan Huygens 
 (d) Giovanni Cassini 
 Sol.22.(c)  Christiaan  Huygens.  His  other 
 inventions:  pendulum  clock,  Centrifugal 
 governors and magic lantern. 
 Q.23.  The  moon  completes  ______ 
 rotation  on  its  axis  as  it  completes  one 
 revolution around the Earth. 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 3  (b) 2  (c) 1  (d) 4 
 Sol.23.(c)  1.  The  Moon  is  Earth's  only 
 natural  satellite  circling  the  planet  at  an 
 average  distance  of  384,400  kilometers. 
 The  Moon's  presence  helps  stabilize  our 
 planet  and  moderate  our  climate.  A 
 single  orbit  of  our  planet  takes  the  Moon 
 27.3  Earth  days  -  The  same  amount  of 
 time  it  takes  for  the  satellite  to  also 
 rotate  once  on  its  axis.  Huygens  is  the 
 Moon's tallest mountain. 
 Q.24.  Which of the following is a part of 
 celestial objects? 
 I. Stars ,  II. Planets ,  III. Moon 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Only I and III  (b) Only I and II 
 (c) I, II and III  (d) Only II and III 
 Sol.24.(c)  I,  II  and  III.  Celestial  bodies 
 (heavenly  bodies)  include:  Planets,  Stars, 
 Satellites,  Comets,  Asteroids,  Meteors 
 and  Meteorites,  Galaxies.  Halley's  Comet 
 (1P/Halley)  is  a  short-period  comet 
 visible from Earth every 75–79 years. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 regarding the moon is correct? 
 I.  The  size  of  the  illuminated  part  of  the 
 moon  visible  from  the  Earth  increases 
 each day after the new moon day. 
 II.  After  the  full  moon  day,  the  sunlit  part 
 of  the  moon  visible  from  the  Earth 
 decreases in size every day. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only I 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.25.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  When  there  are 
 two  full  moons  within  a  month,  the 
 second  full  moon  is  called  a  Blue  Moon, 
 When  a  full  moon  occurs  at  its  perigee 
 (the  moon  is  closest  to  the  earth)  it  is 
 called a Supermoon. 
 Q.26.  Which  of  the  following  dwarf 
 planets lies in the main asteroid belt ? 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022(Afternoon) 
 (a) Eris  (b) Makemake 
 (c) Ceres  (d) Haumea 
 Sol.26.(c)  Ceres  is  a  dwarf  planet  in  the 
 asteroid  belt  between  the  orbits  of  Mars 
 and  Jupiter.  Eris  is  the  most  massive  and 
 one  of  the  largest  known  dwarf  planets  in 
 the  Solar  System.  Haumea  is  a  dwarf 
 planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. 
 Q.27.  The  ______  radiation  belts  are  giant 
 swaths  of  magnetically  trapped  highly 
 energetic charged particles that surround 
 Earth. 
 SSC CGL 13/04/2022(Morning) 
 (a) Van Allen            (b) Aurora 
 (c) Kuiper  (d) Chinook 
 Sol.27.(a)  Van  Allen.  An  aurora  is  a 
 natural  phenomenon  which  is 
 characterized  by  a  display  of  a 
 natural-coloured  (green,  red,  yellow  or 
 white)  light  in  the  sky.  Kuiper  belt,  ?at 
 ring  of  icy  small  bodies  that  revolve 
 around  the  Sun  beyond  the  orbit  of  the 
 planet Neptune. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  celestial 
 bodies  has  a  natural  satellite  named 
 ‘Charon’? 
 SSC MTS 05/10/2021(Evening) 
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 Pinnacle  Geography 
 (a) Haumea (b) Pluto (c) Mars (d) Saturn 
 Sol.28.(b)  Pluto  .  Charon  is  known  as 
 Pluto.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  ?ve  known 
 natural  satellites  of  the  dwarf  planet 
 Pluto. 
 Q.29.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 windiest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 14/10/2021(Evening) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Uranus 
 (c) Saturn  (d) Mars 
 Sol.29.(a)  Neptune  is  the  eighth  and 
 farthest-known  Solar  planet  from  the 
 Sun.  It  is  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth. 
 Neptune is dark, cold, and very windy. 
 Q.30.  In  which  of  the  following  periods  is 
 the  meteor  shower  named  Quadrantids 
 generally visible from Earth? 
 SSC MTS 20/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) August/September 
 (b) October/November 
 (c) May/June 
 (d) December/January 
 Sol.30.(d)  December/January.  The 
 meteor  shower  named  Quadrantids  is 
 generally  visible  from  Earth  .  The 
 Quadrantids  can  produce  over  100 
 meteors per hour in a moonless sky. 
 Q.31.  In  which  of  the  following  months 
 may  the  meteor  shower  named  Lyrids  be 
 seen from Earth? 
 SSC MTS 20/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) April  (b) February (c) June (d) August 
 Sol.31.(a)  April.  The  radiant  point  for  the 
 Lyrid  meteor  shower  is  near  the 
 constellation  Lyra,  which  has  the  bright 
 star Vega in the east. 
 Q.32.  IC 1101 is a ______. 
 SSC CHSL 06/08/2021(Evening) 
 (a) asteroid  (b) galaxy 
 (c) supernova  (d) satellite 
 Sol.32.(b)  galaxy.  IC  1101  is  a  supergiant 
 elliptical  galaxy  at  the  center  of  the  Abell 
 2029  galaxy  cluster  and  is  one  of  the 
 largest known galaxies. 
 Q.33.  The  approximate  period  between 
 two consecutive new moons is ___ days. 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 15.5  (b) 28.5   (c) 29.5   (d) 15 
 Sol.33.(c)  29.5  days  .  The  time  interval 
 between  a  full  moon  and  the  next 
 repetition  of  the  same  phase,  a  synodic 
 month, averages about 29.53 days. 
 Q.34.  What is the radius of the moon? 
 SSC CHSL 19/03/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 1.78  10 
 6 
 m       (b) 1.79  10 
 6 
 m × ×
 (c) 1.74  10 
 5 
 m        (d) 1.74  10 
 6 
 m × ×
 Sol.34.(d)  1.74  ×  10 
 6 
 m  .  The  distance 
 between  the  moon  and  the  earth  is 
 384,400 km. 
 Q.35.  During  the  phenomenon  of 
 aphelion,  the  approximate  distance 
 between the earth and the sun is: 
 SSC CHSL 12/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 137 million km      (b) 152 million km 
 (c) 147 million km      (d) 142 million km 
 Sol.35.(b)  152  million  km.  Aphelion  is 
 the  point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is 
 farthest  away  from  the  Sun.  Perihelion  is 
 the  point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is 
 nearest to the Sun. 
 Q.36.  The  _____  is  responsible  for  Earth's 
 magnetic ?eld. 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Morning) 
 (a) inner core  (b) mantle 
 (c) outer core  (d) crust 
 Sol.36.(c)  outer  core.  On  Earth,  ?owing 
 liquid  metal  in  the  outer  core  of  the 
 planet  generates  electric  currents.  The 
 rotation  of  Earth  on  its  axis  causes  these 
 electric  currents  to  form  a  magnetic  ?eld 
 which extends around the planet. 
 Q.37.  The  process  that  moves,  elevates 
 or  builds  up  portions  of  the  earth’s  crust 
 is called: 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) denudation  (b) volcanism 
 (c) weathering  (d) diastrophism 
 Sol.37.(d)  Diastrophism  .  Denudation  is 
 the  process  of  wearing  away  the  Earth's 
 surface  by  weathering  and  erosion. 
 Volcanism  is  the  process  of  molten  rock 
 (magma)  erupting  onto  the  Earth's 
 surface. 
 Q.38.  The  bodies  glowing  in  the  night  sky 
 are known as ______. 
 SSC CGL 03/03/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) Celestial bodies   (b) Asteroids 
 (c) Planetarium  (d) Meteorite 
 Sol.38.(a)  Celestial  bodies  are  objects  in 
 space,  such  as  stars,  planets,  moons, 
 and galaxies. 
 Q.39.  Lucifer  is  another  name  for  the 
 planet______. 
 SSC CGL 03/03/2020(Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Mars  (c) Venus  (d) Saturn 
 Sol.39.(c)  Venus.  Lucifer  means  “Light- 
 bringer”.  Other  Planet  Nickname  -  Ringed 
 Planet  (Saturn),  Red  Planet  (Mars),  Giant 
 Planet (Jupiter). 
 Q.40.  Planetary scientists call the thin 
 gaseous  envelope  around  the  Moon  as 
 the ______. 
 SSC CGL 04/03/2020(Morning) 
 (a) lunar exosphere 
 (b) lunar stratosphere 
 (c) lunar thermosphere 
 (d) lunar endosphere 
 Sol.40.(a)  lunar  exosphere  bounded  by 
 the  emptiness  of  space  and  the  Moon’s 
 surface  ,  is  an  atmosphere  so  thin  that 
 atoms  really  collide.  Chandrayaan-2 
 observed  Argon-40  in  the  lunar 
 exosphere. 
 Q.41.  How  many  degrees  does  the  Earth 
 rotate about its own axis in one hour? 
 SSC CGL 06/03/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 10  (b) 20       (c) 24  (d) 15 
 Sol.41.(d)  15.  On  its  axis,  the  earth 
 rotates 360 degrees every 24 hours. 
 Longitudes and Latitudes 
 Q.42.  Which  of  the  following  sets  of 
 statements  are  correct  about  Inter 
 Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)? 
 a.  The  ITCZ  is  a  broad  trough  of  low 
 pressure in equatorial latitudes. 
 b.  This  is  where  the  northeast  and  the 
 southeast trade winds converge. 
 c.  The  ITCZ  is  the  equatorial  trough 
 normally  positioned  about  5°N  of  the 
 equator  and  remains  there  throughout 
 the year. 
 d.  The  ITCZ  moves  over  to  the  plane  of 
 Ganga in Summer. 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only a and c  (b) a, b and c 
 (c) Only b and c  (d) a, b and d 
 Sol.42.(d)  a,  b  and  d.  Intertropical 
 Convergence  Zone  (ITCZ)  -  The  region 
 that  circles  the  Earth,  near  the  equator, 
 where  the  trade  winds  of  the  Northern 
 and  Southern  Hemispheres  come 
 together.  Seasonal  shifts  in  the  location 
 of  the  ITCZ  drastically  affects  rainfall  in 
 many  equatorial  nations,  resulting  in  the 
 wet  and  dry  seasons  of  the  tropics  rather 
 than  the  cold  and  warm  seasons  of 
 higher latitudes. 
 Q.43.  During  October-November,  the 
 apparent  movement  of  the  sun  is 
 towards the __________. 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) North  (b) North-East 
 (c) North-West  (d) South 
 Sol.43.(d)  South.  The  position  of  the 
 rising  sun  keeps  on  moving  towards  the 
 south  in  the  period  from  21st  June  to 
 22nd  December.  This  period  is  called 
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Page 4


 Pinnacle  Geography 
 Geography 
 Solar System And Its Planets 
 Q.1.  Which  is  the  most  widely  accepted 
 model  to  explain  the  formation  and 
 evaluation of the solar system? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Cloud hypothesis 
 (b) Gas hypothesis 
 (c) Nebular hypothesis 
 (d) Solar hypothesis 
 Sol.1.(c)  Nebular  hypothesis  -  The 
 planets  were  formed  out  of  a  cloud  of 
 material  associated  with  a  youthful  sun, 
 which  was  slowly  rotating.  The  theory 
 was  developed  by  Immanuel  Kant.  But 
 Mathematician  Laplace  revised  it  in 
 1796.  Other  Hypothesis:  Big  Bang  Theory 
 -  Propounded  by  George  Lamaitre  related 
 to the origin of the universe . 
 Q.2.  Terrestrial  planets  are  composed 
 of______. 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) metals and air     (b) rocks and metals 
 (c) metals and gas  (d) rocks and gas 
 Sol.2.(b)  Rocks  and  metals.  Terrestrial 
 Planets  -  Mercury,  Venus  (Earth’s  sister 
 planet),  Earth  and  Mars.  They  are 
 categorised  into  the  following:  Silicate 
 Planets,  Iron  Planets,  Coreless  Planets, 
 Carbon  (diamond)  Planets.  Saturn, 
 Jupiter,  Uranus  and  Neptune  are  called 
 Jovian  Planets  because  of  their  large 
 size  (Jovian  is  named  after  Jupiter)  and 
 their hydrogen content. 
 Q.3.  Which  trend  is  found  about  the 
 distance between the galaxies? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Unpredictable  (b) Decreasing 
 (c) Constant             (d) Increasing 
 Sol.3.(d)  Increasing.  In  1929,  Edwin 
 Hubble  announced  that  almost  all 
 galaxies  appeared  to  be  moving  away 
 from  us.  He  found  that  the  universe  was 
 expanding  -  with  all  of  the  galaxies 
 moving  away  from  each  other.  This 
 phenomenon  was  observed  as  a  redshift 
 of a galaxy's spectrum. 
 Q.4.  On  which  planet  has  a  rotating  oval 
 of  clouds,  twice  as  wide  as  Earth,  called 
 the  'Great  Red  Spot'  been  observed  for 
 more than 300 years ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Jupiter  (d) Venus 
 Sol.4.(c)  Jupiter  is  the  largest  planet  in 
 the solar system. It is made mostly of 
 hydrogen  and  helium.  Number  of  Moons 
 -  95.  Neptune  -  It  is  the  only  planet  in  our 
 solar  system  not  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
 It has 14 Moons. 
 Q.5.  Which  scientist  thought  of  the 
 concept  of  the  steady  state  of  the 
 universe? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Harold Jeffrey   (b) Edwin Hubble 
 (c) Fred Hoyle         (d) Pierre - Laplace 
 Sol.5.(c)  Fred  Hoyle.  Steady-State 
 Theory  :  It  is  a  theoretical  model  in  which 
 the  Universe  is  constantly  expanding  but 
 with  a  ?xed  average  density.  The  theory 
 was  put  forward  by  three  scientists 
 (1948)  :  Sir  Hermann  Bondi,  Thomas 
 Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle. 
 Q.6.  From  the  given  alternatives,  identify 
 the dwarf planet. 
 Higher Secondary 30/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Pluto (b) Mercury (c) Neptune (d) Mars 
 Sol.6.(a)  Pluto.  The  ?ve  dwarf  planets 
 are  Ceres,  Pluto,  Makemake,  Haumea, 
 and  Eris.  A  dwarf  planet  is  a  celestial 
 body  that  is  in  orbit  around  the  Sun  and 
 has  enough  mass  to  be  roughly  round  in 
 shape. 
 Q.7.  Which  among  the  following  planets 
 is also known as "morning star"? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Neptune (c) Venus (d) Earth 
 Sol.7.(c)  Venus  -  The  second  planet 
 closest  to  the  sun.  It  is  also  called  Earth’s 
 twin  sister  because  it  is  similar  in  size  and 
 density  as  of  the  Earth.  It  is  also  known  as 
 Morning  and  Evening  Star.  It  rotates  from 
 east  to  west  i.e.  in  clockwise  direction.  It 
 does not have its own natural satellite. 
 Q.8.  Cosmic  snowballs  of  frozen  gases, 
 rock  and  dust  that  orbit  the  Sun  are 
 known as_______. 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Meteors  (b) Star 
 (c) Meteorites  (d) Comets 
 Sol.8.(d)  Comets.  Meteors  are  bits  of 
 rock  and  ice  that  are  ejected  from 
 comets  as  they  move  in  their  orbits 
 about  the  Sun.  Meteorite  -  Asteroids 
 after  the  collision  are  known  as  a 
 meteorite.  usually  originate  from  the 
 asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. 
 Q.9.  Which  among  the  following  is  the 
 coldest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Mars  (b) Neptune (c) Saturn (d) Uranus 
 Sol.9.(d) Uranus.  Neptune is the second 
 coldest planet. Venus is the hottest 
 planet of all eight planets. 
 Q.10.  The  Kuiper  Belt  is  a  ring  of  icy 
 rocks  &  dust  bodies  just  outside  the  orbit 
 of___. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Saturn (b) Venus (c) Jupiter (d) Neptune 
 Sol.10.(d)  Neptune  -  Farthest-known 
 planet  from  the  Sun.  Rotation  on  its  axis  - 
 16  hours.  Revolution  -  165  Earth  years. 
 Size  -  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth.  Moons 
 -  14.  Natural  satellite  -  Triton  (largest 
 moon).  Only  a  planet  which  is  invisible  to 
 the naked eye. 
 Q.11.  The  moon  moves  around  the  earth 
 in about ______  _  days. 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 21  (b) 23  (c) 27  (d) 25 
 Sol.11.(c)  27.  Moon  is  the  only  natural 
 satellite  of  planet  Earth.  It  takes  27  days, 
 7  hours  and  43  minutes  to  complete  one 
 revolution  around  the  Earth.  Earth's  Moon 
 is  the  ?fth  largest  moon  in  the  solar 
 system  (Largest  -  Ganymede  of  Jupiter). 
 Distance - 384,400 kilometers from Earth. 
 Q.12.  Minal  wrote  an  essay  on  the 
 largest  moon  of  Saturn.  Which  among 
 the following moons is it? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Atlas  (b) Titan  (c) Carme  (d) Europa 
 Sol.12.(b)  Titan  -  The  second-largest 
 moon  in  our  solar  system.  Ganymede 
 (Jupiter’s  moon  )  is  the  largest  moon  in 
 the  solar  system.  Atlas  -  It  is  a  satellite 
 of  Saturn  which  was  discovered  by 
 Richard  Terrile.  Carme  -  It  is  one  of  the 
 moons  of  Jupiter  which  was  discovered 
 by  Seth  Barnes  Nicholson.  Europa  -  It  is 
 the moon of Jupiter. 
 Q.13.  What is the radius of the earth? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 7456 km  (b) 6371 km 
 (c) 5619 km  (d) 4728 km 
 Sol.13.(b)  6371  km.  Earth  Distance  from 
 the  Sun  (150  million  km),  Surface  area: 
 510.1  million  km²,  Land  area:  149  million 
 km², Gravity: 9.8 m/s². 
 Q.14.  Which  of  the  following 
 constellations is also called the hunter? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Cassiopeia  (b) Leo Major 
 (c) Ursa Major  (d) Orion 
 Sol.14.(d)  Orion  is  located  on  the 
 celestial  equator  and  can  be  seen 
 throughout  the  world.  It  is  named  after 
 the  hunter  in  Greek.  Ursa  Major  or  Great 
 Bear:  A  constellation  in  the  northern  sky. 
 The  constellation  Leo  :  Seen  in  the 
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 northern  hemisphere  in  the  spring. 
 Cassiopeia  :  A  large  constellation 
 located  in  the  northern  sky,  named  after 
 Cassiopeia,  the  vain  and  boastful  queen 
 in greek. There are 88 constellations. 
 Q.15.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 another word for universe? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Big Crunch  (b) Astronomy 
 (c) Cosmos  (d) Supernova 
 Sol.15.(c)  Cosmos  (Greek  word) 
 meaning both "order" and "world". 
 Q.16  .  Each  orbit  of  the  International 
 Space Station (ISS) takes _____minutes . 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 80 - 82  (b) 85 - 87 
 (c) 90 - 93  (d) 83 - 86 
 Sol.16.(c) 90-93  . In 24 hours, the space 
 station  makes  16  orbits  of  Earth, 
 traveling  through  16  sunrises  and 
 sunsets. 
 Q.17.  In  approximately  how  much  time 
 does  Mars  complete  one  spin  on  its 
 axis? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 16 hours  (b) 8 hours 
 (c) 1 day 18 hours      (d) 1day 
 Sol.17.(d)  1  day.  Rotation  time  of  planets 
 (Approx.):  Earth  (1  day  -  23  hours  56 
 min),  Jupiter  (9  hours  56  minutes), 
 Saturn  (10  hours  40  minutes),  Uranus  (17 
 hours  14  minutes)  and  Neptune  (16 
 hours). 
 Q.18.  Which  among  the  following  is  not  a 
 type of solar eclipse? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Annular  (b) Partial 
 (c) Penumbral  (d) Total 
 Sol.18.(c)  Penumbral  (Lunar  eclipse)  .  A 
 solar  eclipse  occurs  when  the  Moon 
 passes  between  Earth  and  the  Sun. 
 Types  of  solar  eclipse:  Total  (Completely 
 blocking  the  face  of  the  Sun),  Hybrid  (the 
 Moon  is  farther  away  from  Earth,  it 
 appears  smaller  than  the  Sun  and  does 
 not  completely  cover  the  Sun)  and 
 Annular  (when  Sun  is  at  or  near  its 
 farthest point from Earth). 
 Q.19.  The distance of the Sun from the 
 Earth is about ________  light minutes. 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 6  (b) 4.3  (c) 12  (d) 8 
 Sol.19.(d)  8.  Interstellar  distance: 
 Distance  between  any  two  celestial 
 bodies;  measured  in  astronomical  units 
 (AU).  Moon:  1.3  light-seconds  away  from 
 the  Earth.  Proxima  Centauri:  4.2 
 light-years  from  Sun.  Light  -  year  is  the 
 distance  light  travels  in  one  year.  1  Light 
 year = 63241 AU (approx). 
 Q.20.  The  asteroid  belt  lies  between 
 which two planets ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Jupiter and Saturn 
 (b) Mars and Jupiter 
 (c) Saturn and Uranus 
 (d) Mercury and Venus 
 Sol.20.(b)  Mars  and  Jupiter.  Asteroid 
 Belt  separates  the  inner  and  outer 
 planets.  Jupiter  and  Saturn,  Uranus  and 
 Neptune  are  the  Outer  planets  (Last  four 
 from  the  Sun)  and  also  known  as  Jovian 
 Planets.  The  ?rst  four  planets  (Mercury, 
 Venus,  Earth  and  Mars)  are  known  as 
 Inner or Terrestrial planets. 
 Q.21.  In  early  1610,  who  discovered  with 
 his  newly  invented  telescope  that  Jupiter 
 has four moons? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Simon Marius      (b) Tycho Brahe 
 (c) Galileo Galilei       (d) Johannes Kepler 
 Sol.21.(c)  Galileo  Galilei.  He  was  an 
 Italian  astronomer  and  scientist.  He 
 described  the  rings  of  Saturn,  the  phases 
 of  Venus,  sunsets,  and  the  bumpy  lunar 
 surface.  The  four  moons  he  discovered 
 were:  Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. 
 Q.22.  Who  was  the  ?rst  to  accurately 
 describe  the  rings  of  Saturn  as  a  disc 
 around the planet in 1655? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Hideki Yukawa 
 (b) Galileo Galilei 
 (c) Christiaan Huygens 
 (d) Giovanni Cassini 
 Sol.22.(c)  Christiaan  Huygens.  His  other 
 inventions:  pendulum  clock,  Centrifugal 
 governors and magic lantern. 
 Q.23.  The  moon  completes  ______ 
 rotation  on  its  axis  as  it  completes  one 
 revolution around the Earth. 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 3  (b) 2  (c) 1  (d) 4 
 Sol.23.(c)  1.  The  Moon  is  Earth's  only 
 natural  satellite  circling  the  planet  at  an 
 average  distance  of  384,400  kilometers. 
 The  Moon's  presence  helps  stabilize  our 
 planet  and  moderate  our  climate.  A 
 single  orbit  of  our  planet  takes  the  Moon 
 27.3  Earth  days  -  The  same  amount  of 
 time  it  takes  for  the  satellite  to  also 
 rotate  once  on  its  axis.  Huygens  is  the 
 Moon's tallest mountain. 
 Q.24.  Which of the following is a part of 
 celestial objects? 
 I. Stars ,  II. Planets ,  III. Moon 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Only I and III  (b) Only I and II 
 (c) I, II and III  (d) Only II and III 
 Sol.24.(c)  I,  II  and  III.  Celestial  bodies 
 (heavenly  bodies)  include:  Planets,  Stars, 
 Satellites,  Comets,  Asteroids,  Meteors 
 and  Meteorites,  Galaxies.  Halley's  Comet 
 (1P/Halley)  is  a  short-period  comet 
 visible from Earth every 75–79 years. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 regarding the moon is correct? 
 I.  The  size  of  the  illuminated  part  of  the 
 moon  visible  from  the  Earth  increases 
 each day after the new moon day. 
 II.  After  the  full  moon  day,  the  sunlit  part 
 of  the  moon  visible  from  the  Earth 
 decreases in size every day. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only I 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.25.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  When  there  are 
 two  full  moons  within  a  month,  the 
 second  full  moon  is  called  a  Blue  Moon, 
 When  a  full  moon  occurs  at  its  perigee 
 (the  moon  is  closest  to  the  earth)  it  is 
 called a Supermoon. 
 Q.26.  Which  of  the  following  dwarf 
 planets lies in the main asteroid belt ? 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022(Afternoon) 
 (a) Eris  (b) Makemake 
 (c) Ceres  (d) Haumea 
 Sol.26.(c)  Ceres  is  a  dwarf  planet  in  the 
 asteroid  belt  between  the  orbits  of  Mars 
 and  Jupiter.  Eris  is  the  most  massive  and 
 one  of  the  largest  known  dwarf  planets  in 
 the  Solar  System.  Haumea  is  a  dwarf 
 planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. 
 Q.27.  The  ______  radiation  belts  are  giant 
 swaths  of  magnetically  trapped  highly 
 energetic charged particles that surround 
 Earth. 
 SSC CGL 13/04/2022(Morning) 
 (a) Van Allen            (b) Aurora 
 (c) Kuiper  (d) Chinook 
 Sol.27.(a)  Van  Allen.  An  aurora  is  a 
 natural  phenomenon  which  is 
 characterized  by  a  display  of  a 
 natural-coloured  (green,  red,  yellow  or 
 white)  light  in  the  sky.  Kuiper  belt,  ?at 
 ring  of  icy  small  bodies  that  revolve 
 around  the  Sun  beyond  the  orbit  of  the 
 planet Neptune. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  celestial 
 bodies  has  a  natural  satellite  named 
 ‘Charon’? 
 SSC MTS 05/10/2021(Evening) 
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 (a) Haumea (b) Pluto (c) Mars (d) Saturn 
 Sol.28.(b)  Pluto  .  Charon  is  known  as 
 Pluto.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  ?ve  known 
 natural  satellites  of  the  dwarf  planet 
 Pluto. 
 Q.29.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 windiest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 14/10/2021(Evening) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Uranus 
 (c) Saturn  (d) Mars 
 Sol.29.(a)  Neptune  is  the  eighth  and 
 farthest-known  Solar  planet  from  the 
 Sun.  It  is  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth. 
 Neptune is dark, cold, and very windy. 
 Q.30.  In  which  of  the  following  periods  is 
 the  meteor  shower  named  Quadrantids 
 generally visible from Earth? 
 SSC MTS 20/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) August/September 
 (b) October/November 
 (c) May/June 
 (d) December/January 
 Sol.30.(d)  December/January.  The 
 meteor  shower  named  Quadrantids  is 
 generally  visible  from  Earth  .  The 
 Quadrantids  can  produce  over  100 
 meteors per hour in a moonless sky. 
 Q.31.  In  which  of  the  following  months 
 may  the  meteor  shower  named  Lyrids  be 
 seen from Earth? 
 SSC MTS 20/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) April  (b) February (c) June (d) August 
 Sol.31.(a)  April.  The  radiant  point  for  the 
 Lyrid  meteor  shower  is  near  the 
 constellation  Lyra,  which  has  the  bright 
 star Vega in the east. 
 Q.32.  IC 1101 is a ______. 
 SSC CHSL 06/08/2021(Evening) 
 (a) asteroid  (b) galaxy 
 (c) supernova  (d) satellite 
 Sol.32.(b)  galaxy.  IC  1101  is  a  supergiant 
 elliptical  galaxy  at  the  center  of  the  Abell 
 2029  galaxy  cluster  and  is  one  of  the 
 largest known galaxies. 
 Q.33.  The  approximate  period  between 
 two consecutive new moons is ___ days. 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 15.5  (b) 28.5   (c) 29.5   (d) 15 
 Sol.33.(c)  29.5  days  .  The  time  interval 
 between  a  full  moon  and  the  next 
 repetition  of  the  same  phase,  a  synodic 
 month, averages about 29.53 days. 
 Q.34.  What is the radius of the moon? 
 SSC CHSL 19/03/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 1.78  10 
 6 
 m       (b) 1.79  10 
 6 
 m × ×
 (c) 1.74  10 
 5 
 m        (d) 1.74  10 
 6 
 m × ×
 Sol.34.(d)  1.74  ×  10 
 6 
 m  .  The  distance 
 between  the  moon  and  the  earth  is 
 384,400 km. 
 Q.35.  During  the  phenomenon  of 
 aphelion,  the  approximate  distance 
 between the earth and the sun is: 
 SSC CHSL 12/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 137 million km      (b) 152 million km 
 (c) 147 million km      (d) 142 million km 
 Sol.35.(b)  152  million  km.  Aphelion  is 
 the  point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is 
 farthest  away  from  the  Sun.  Perihelion  is 
 the  point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is 
 nearest to the Sun. 
 Q.36.  The  _____  is  responsible  for  Earth's 
 magnetic ?eld. 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Morning) 
 (a) inner core  (b) mantle 
 (c) outer core  (d) crust 
 Sol.36.(c)  outer  core.  On  Earth,  ?owing 
 liquid  metal  in  the  outer  core  of  the 
 planet  generates  electric  currents.  The 
 rotation  of  Earth  on  its  axis  causes  these 
 electric  currents  to  form  a  magnetic  ?eld 
 which extends around the planet. 
 Q.37.  The  process  that  moves,  elevates 
 or  builds  up  portions  of  the  earth’s  crust 
 is called: 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) denudation  (b) volcanism 
 (c) weathering  (d) diastrophism 
 Sol.37.(d)  Diastrophism  .  Denudation  is 
 the  process  of  wearing  away  the  Earth's 
 surface  by  weathering  and  erosion. 
 Volcanism  is  the  process  of  molten  rock 
 (magma)  erupting  onto  the  Earth's 
 surface. 
 Q.38.  The  bodies  glowing  in  the  night  sky 
 are known as ______. 
 SSC CGL 03/03/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) Celestial bodies   (b) Asteroids 
 (c) Planetarium  (d) Meteorite 
 Sol.38.(a)  Celestial  bodies  are  objects  in 
 space,  such  as  stars,  planets,  moons, 
 and galaxies. 
 Q.39.  Lucifer  is  another  name  for  the 
 planet______. 
 SSC CGL 03/03/2020(Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Mars  (c) Venus  (d) Saturn 
 Sol.39.(c)  Venus.  Lucifer  means  “Light- 
 bringer”.  Other  Planet  Nickname  -  Ringed 
 Planet  (Saturn),  Red  Planet  (Mars),  Giant 
 Planet (Jupiter). 
 Q.40.  Planetary scientists call the thin 
 gaseous  envelope  around  the  Moon  as 
 the ______. 
 SSC CGL 04/03/2020(Morning) 
 (a) lunar exosphere 
 (b) lunar stratosphere 
 (c) lunar thermosphere 
 (d) lunar endosphere 
 Sol.40.(a)  lunar  exosphere  bounded  by 
 the  emptiness  of  space  and  the  Moon’s 
 surface  ,  is  an  atmosphere  so  thin  that 
 atoms  really  collide.  Chandrayaan-2 
 observed  Argon-40  in  the  lunar 
 exosphere. 
 Q.41.  How  many  degrees  does  the  Earth 
 rotate about its own axis in one hour? 
 SSC CGL 06/03/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 10  (b) 20       (c) 24  (d) 15 
 Sol.41.(d)  15.  On  its  axis,  the  earth 
 rotates 360 degrees every 24 hours. 
 Longitudes and Latitudes 
 Q.42.  Which  of  the  following  sets  of 
 statements  are  correct  about  Inter 
 Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)? 
 a.  The  ITCZ  is  a  broad  trough  of  low 
 pressure in equatorial latitudes. 
 b.  This  is  where  the  northeast  and  the 
 southeast trade winds converge. 
 c.  The  ITCZ  is  the  equatorial  trough 
 normally  positioned  about  5°N  of  the 
 equator  and  remains  there  throughout 
 the year. 
 d.  The  ITCZ  moves  over  to  the  plane  of 
 Ganga in Summer. 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only a and c  (b) a, b and c 
 (c) Only b and c  (d) a, b and d 
 Sol.42.(d)  a,  b  and  d.  Intertropical 
 Convergence  Zone  (ITCZ)  -  The  region 
 that  circles  the  Earth,  near  the  equator, 
 where  the  trade  winds  of  the  Northern 
 and  Southern  Hemispheres  come 
 together.  Seasonal  shifts  in  the  location 
 of  the  ITCZ  drastically  affects  rainfall  in 
 many  equatorial  nations,  resulting  in  the 
 wet  and  dry  seasons  of  the  tropics  rather 
 than  the  cold  and  warm  seasons  of 
 higher latitudes. 
 Q.43.  During  October-November,  the 
 apparent  movement  of  the  sun  is 
 towards the __________. 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) North  (b) North-East 
 (c) North-West  (d) South 
 Sol.43.(d)  South.  The  position  of  the 
 rising  sun  keeps  on  moving  towards  the 
 south  in  the  period  from  21st  June  to 
 22nd  December.  This  period  is  called 
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 Dakshinayan  .  From  22nd  December  to 
 21st  June,  the  sun  keeps  on  moving 
 towards  the  north.  This  period  is  called 
 Uttarayan. 
 Q.44.  The  southern  part  of  India  lies  in 
 the _________ belt. 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Afternoon 
 (a) rain (b) temperate (c) polar (d) warm 
 Sol.44.(d)  Warm  -  The  region  between 
 the  Tropic  of  Cancer  and  the  Tropic  of 
 Capricorn  is  characterized  by  hot 
 temperatures,  high  humidity,  and 
 abundant rainfall. 
 Q.45.  Tropic  of  Cancer  (23°30'  N)  passes 
 through__________ state of india. 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Punjab  (b) Maharashtra 
 (c) Chhattisgarh  (d) Kerala 
 Sol.45.(c)  Chhattisgarh.  The  Tropic  of 
 Cancer  passes  through  eight  states  in 
 India  -  Gujarat  (Jasdan),  Rajasthan 
 (Kalinjarh),  Madhya  Pradesh  (Shajapur), 
 Chhattisgarh  (Sonhat),  Jharkhand 
 (Lohardaga), West Bengal (Krishnanagar), 
 Tripura  (Udaipur)  and  Mizoram 
 (Champhai). 
 Q.46.  On  which  of  the  following  two 
 dates does the equinox fall? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 21 June and 23 September 
 (b) 21 March and 21 June 
 (c) 21 March and 23 September 
 (d) 23 September and 22 December 
 Sol.46.(c)  21  March  and  23  September  . 
 Equinox  is  the  situation  when  the  equator 
 receives  the  vertical  rays  of  the  Sun  and 
 day  and  night  are  equal.  Spring  equinox  - 
 21st  March,  Autumn  equinox  -  23 
 September.  21st  June  (winter  solstice  in 
 Southern  Hemisphere,  Summer  solstice 
 in  Northern  hemisphere)  -  The  rays  of  the 
 sun  fall  directly  on  the  Tropic  of  Cancer. 
 22  December  (Summer  solstice  in 
 Southern  hemisphere,  winter  solstice  in 
 Northern  Hemisphere)  -  The  rays  of  the 
 sun  fall  directly  on  the  Tropic  of 
 Capricorn. 
 Q.47.  From  the  north  most  to  south  most 
 point of India, what is the extent of India? 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 4109 km  (b) 2914 km 
 (c) 3214 km  (d) 3785 km 
 Sol.47.(c)  3214  km.  Extent  of  India:  East 
 to  west  (2,933  km),  land  frontier  (15,200 
 km),  coastline  (7,516.6  km).  The 
 westernmost  point  (Ghuar  Moti  in  Kutch). 
 The  easternmost  point  (Kibithu  in 
 Arunachal  Pradesh).  Indira  Col 
 (northernmost  point).  Indira  Point  (Great 
 Nicobar  Island,  Andaman  sea)  is  the 
 Southernmost  point  of  India  while 
 Kanyakumari  is  the  southernmost  point 
 of the Indian Mainland. 
 Q.48.  What  is  the  zone  between  the 
 arctic circle and north pole called? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Torrid zone 
 (b) Frigid zone 
 (c) North temperate zone 
 (d) South temperate zone 
 Sol.48.(b)  Frigid  zone.  The  North  Frigid 
 Zone,  between  the  North  Pole  at  90°  N 
 and  the  Arctic  Circle  at  66°33'48.7"  N, 
 covers 4.12% of Earth's surface. 
 Q.49.  The  90  degree  East  Meridian  does 
 NOT pass through: 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020(Morning) 
 (a) Meghalaya  (b) Sikkim 
 (c) Bhutan  (d) Bangladesh 
 Sol.49.(b)  Sikkim.  The  90  degree  East 
 Meridian  passes  through  Assam  and 
 Meghalaya  in  India  and  it  crosses  Bhutan 
 and Bangladesh. 
 Q.50.  1°  latitude  is  equal  to 
 approximately ______ km. 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 111  (b) 145    (c) 133  (d) 122 
 Sol.50.(a)  111  km.  This  distance 
 decreases  marginally  as  one  travels  to 
 poles  and  increases  marginally  as  one 
 goes towards the equator. 
 Q.51.  Lines  joining  located  at  equal  travel 
 time from a common centre are called: 
 SSC CHSL 21/10/2020(Morning) 
 (a) Isohalines  (b) Isochrones 
 (c) Isobar  (d) Isobronts 
 Sol.51.(b)  Isochrones  .  Isohaline  -  A  line 
 drawn  on  a  map  to  indicate  connecting 
 points  of  equal  salinity  in  the  ocean. 
 Isonomal  -  A  line  on  a  chart  connecting 
 points  of  equal  abundance  values  of  a 
 plant  species  sampled  in  different 
 sections  of  an  area.  Isobronts  -  A  line 
 drawn  through  geographical  points  at 
 which a given phase of thunderstorm 
 activity occurred simultaneously. 
 Q.52.  All  parallel  circles  from  the  Equator 
 to the poles are known as ______. 
 SSC CHSL 26/10/2020(Evening) 
 (a) Parallels of Latitude 
 (b) Arctic Circle 
 (c) Tropic of Cancer 
 (d) Antarctic Circle 
 Sol.52.(a) Parallels of Latitude.  The 
 parallels  of  latitude  refer  to  the  angular 
 distance,  in  degrees,  minutes  and 
 seconds  of  a  point  north  or  south  of  the 
 Equator. 
 Q.53.  Name  the  state  capital  located  530 
 metres  above  the  sea  level  between  93 
 East longitude and 27 North latitude. 
 SSC CGL 09/03/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dispur  (b) Itanagar 
 (c) Patna  (d) Hyderabad 
 Sol.53.(b)  Itanagar  (capital  of  Arunachal 
 Pradesh).  Other  State  Capital  Latitude 
 and  Longitude  -  Patna  (25  North,  85 
 East),  Dispur  (26  North,  91  East), 
 Hyderabad (17 North, 78 East). 
 Continents and Oceans 
 Q.54.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  match  between  column-A  and 
 column-B? 
 Column - A 
 (Elements in earth 
 crust) 
 Column - B 
 (Total % in earth 
 crust) 
 i. Oxygen  a. 8% 
 ii. Silicon  b. 28% 
 iii. Aluminium  c. 47% 
 iv. Iron  d. 5% 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d   (b) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d 
 (c) i-c, ii-b, iii-a, iv-d   (d) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.54.(c)  i-c,  ii-b,  iii-a,  iv-d.  Abundances 
 of  other  Element  in  the  Earth’s  Crust: 
 Calcium  (Ca)  -  3.63%,  Sodium  (Na)  - 
 2.83%,  Potassium  (K)  -  2.59%, 
 Magnesium  (Mg)  -  2.09%  and  others  - 
 1.41%.  Earth  has  three  layers:  crust 
 (upper  layer),  mantle  (middle  layer),  and 
 core (lower layer). 
 Q.55.  Continental  Shelf  which  is  the 
 shallowest  part  of  the  ocean  has  an 
 average gradient of: 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 1° or even less   (b) 2° or even less 
 (c) 8° or even less   (d) 5° or even less 
 Sol.55.(a)  1°  or  even  less.  The 
 Continental  Shelf  is  the  extended  margin 
 of  each  continent  occupied  by  relatively 
 shallow  seas  and  gulfs.  About 
 Continental  Shelf  :  The  shelf  typically 
 ends  at  a  very  steep  slope,  called  the 
 shelf  break.  Their  width  varies  globally, 
 with  an  average  of  about  80  km,  but  can 
 be  narrower  or  even  absent  in  some 
 regions,  such  as  the  coasts  of  Chile  and 
 the west coast of Sumatra. 
 Q.56.  The earth's perihelion occurs in: 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
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Page 5


 Pinnacle  Geography 
 Geography 
 Solar System And Its Planets 
 Q.1.  Which  is  the  most  widely  accepted 
 model  to  explain  the  formation  and 
 evaluation of the solar system? 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Cloud hypothesis 
 (b) Gas hypothesis 
 (c) Nebular hypothesis 
 (d) Solar hypothesis 
 Sol.1.(c)  Nebular  hypothesis  -  The 
 planets  were  formed  out  of  a  cloud  of 
 material  associated  with  a  youthful  sun, 
 which  was  slowly  rotating.  The  theory 
 was  developed  by  Immanuel  Kant.  But 
 Mathematician  Laplace  revised  it  in 
 1796.  Other  Hypothesis:  Big  Bang  Theory 
 -  Propounded  by  George  Lamaitre  related 
 to the origin of the universe . 
 Q.2.  Terrestrial  planets  are  composed 
 of______. 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) metals and air     (b) rocks and metals 
 (c) metals and gas  (d) rocks and gas 
 Sol.2.(b)  Rocks  and  metals.  Terrestrial 
 Planets  -  Mercury,  Venus  (Earth’s  sister 
 planet),  Earth  and  Mars.  They  are 
 categorised  into  the  following:  Silicate 
 Planets,  Iron  Planets,  Coreless  Planets, 
 Carbon  (diamond)  Planets.  Saturn, 
 Jupiter,  Uranus  and  Neptune  are  called 
 Jovian  Planets  because  of  their  large 
 size  (Jovian  is  named  after  Jupiter)  and 
 their hydrogen content. 
 Q.3.  Which  trend  is  found  about  the 
 distance between the galaxies? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Unpredictable  (b) Decreasing 
 (c) Constant             (d) Increasing 
 Sol.3.(d)  Increasing.  In  1929,  Edwin 
 Hubble  announced  that  almost  all 
 galaxies  appeared  to  be  moving  away 
 from  us.  He  found  that  the  universe  was 
 expanding  -  with  all  of  the  galaxies 
 moving  away  from  each  other.  This 
 phenomenon  was  observed  as  a  redshift 
 of a galaxy's spectrum. 
 Q.4.  On  which  planet  has  a  rotating  oval 
 of  clouds,  twice  as  wide  as  Earth,  called 
 the  'Great  Red  Spot'  been  observed  for 
 more than 300 years ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Jupiter  (d) Venus 
 Sol.4.(c)  Jupiter  is  the  largest  planet  in 
 the solar system. It is made mostly of 
 hydrogen  and  helium.  Number  of  Moons 
 -  95.  Neptune  -  It  is  the  only  planet  in  our 
 solar  system  not  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 
 It has 14 Moons. 
 Q.5.  Which  scientist  thought  of  the 
 concept  of  the  steady  state  of  the 
 universe? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Harold Jeffrey   (b) Edwin Hubble 
 (c) Fred Hoyle         (d) Pierre - Laplace 
 Sol.5.(c)  Fred  Hoyle.  Steady-State 
 Theory  :  It  is  a  theoretical  model  in  which 
 the  Universe  is  constantly  expanding  but 
 with  a  ?xed  average  density.  The  theory 
 was  put  forward  by  three  scientists 
 (1948)  :  Sir  Hermann  Bondi,  Thomas 
 Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle. 
 Q.6.  From  the  given  alternatives,  identify 
 the dwarf planet. 
 Higher Secondary 30/06/2023 ( Shift - 2) 
 (a) Pluto (b) Mercury (c) Neptune (d) Mars 
 Sol.6.(a)  Pluto.  The  ?ve  dwarf  planets 
 are  Ceres,  Pluto,  Makemake,  Haumea, 
 and  Eris.  A  dwarf  planet  is  a  celestial 
 body  that  is  in  orbit  around  the  Sun  and 
 has  enough  mass  to  be  roughly  round  in 
 shape. 
 Q.7.  Which  among  the  following  planets 
 is also known as "morning star"? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Neptune (c) Venus (d) Earth 
 Sol.7.(c)  Venus  -  The  second  planet 
 closest  to  the  sun.  It  is  also  called  Earth’s 
 twin  sister  because  it  is  similar  in  size  and 
 density  as  of  the  Earth.  It  is  also  known  as 
 Morning  and  Evening  Star.  It  rotates  from 
 east  to  west  i.e.  in  clockwise  direction.  It 
 does not have its own natural satellite. 
 Q.8.  Cosmic  snowballs  of  frozen  gases, 
 rock  and  dust  that  orbit  the  Sun  are 
 known as_______. 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Meteors  (b) Star 
 (c) Meteorites  (d) Comets 
 Sol.8.(d)  Comets.  Meteors  are  bits  of 
 rock  and  ice  that  are  ejected  from 
 comets  as  they  move  in  their  orbits 
 about  the  Sun.  Meteorite  -  Asteroids 
 after  the  collision  are  known  as  a 
 meteorite.  usually  originate  from  the 
 asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. 
 Q.9.  Which  among  the  following  is  the 
 coldest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 16/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Mars  (b) Neptune (c) Saturn (d) Uranus 
 Sol.9.(d) Uranus.  Neptune is the second 
 coldest planet. Venus is the hottest 
 planet of all eight planets. 
 Q.10.  The  Kuiper  Belt  is  a  ring  of  icy 
 rocks  &  dust  bodies  just  outside  the  orbit 
 of___. 
 SSC MTS 17/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Saturn (b) Venus (c) Jupiter (d) Neptune 
 Sol.10.(d)  Neptune  -  Farthest-known 
 planet  from  the  Sun.  Rotation  on  its  axis  - 
 16  hours.  Revolution  -  165  Earth  years. 
 Size  -  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth.  Moons 
 -  14.  Natural  satellite  -  Triton  (largest 
 moon).  Only  a  planet  which  is  invisible  to 
 the naked eye. 
 Q.11.  The  moon  moves  around  the  earth 
 in about ______  _  days. 
 SSC MTS 14/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 21  (b) 23  (c) 27  (d) 25 
 Sol.11.(c)  27.  Moon  is  the  only  natural 
 satellite  of  planet  Earth.  It  takes  27  days, 
 7  hours  and  43  minutes  to  complete  one 
 revolution  around  the  Earth.  Earth's  Moon 
 is  the  ?fth  largest  moon  in  the  solar 
 system  (Largest  -  Ganymede  of  Jupiter). 
 Distance - 384,400 kilometers from Earth. 
 Q.12.  Minal  wrote  an  essay  on  the 
 largest  moon  of  Saturn.  Which  among 
 the following moons is it? 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Atlas  (b) Titan  (c) Carme  (d) Europa 
 Sol.12.(b)  Titan  -  The  second-largest 
 moon  in  our  solar  system.  Ganymede 
 (Jupiter’s  moon  )  is  the  largest  moon  in 
 the  solar  system.  Atlas  -  It  is  a  satellite 
 of  Saturn  which  was  discovered  by 
 Richard  Terrile.  Carme  -  It  is  one  of  the 
 moons  of  Jupiter  which  was  discovered 
 by  Seth  Barnes  Nicholson.  Europa  -  It  is 
 the moon of Jupiter. 
 Q.13.  What is the radius of the earth? 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 7456 km  (b) 6371 km 
 (c) 5619 km  (d) 4728 km 
 Sol.13.(b)  6371  km.  Earth  Distance  from 
 the  Sun  (150  million  km),  Surface  area: 
 510.1  million  km²,  Land  area:  149  million 
 km², Gravity: 9.8 m/s². 
 Q.14.  Which  of  the  following 
 constellations is also called the hunter? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Cassiopeia  (b) Leo Major 
 (c) Ursa Major  (d) Orion 
 Sol.14.(d)  Orion  is  located  on  the 
 celestial  equator  and  can  be  seen 
 throughout  the  world.  It  is  named  after 
 the  hunter  in  Greek.  Ursa  Major  or  Great 
 Bear:  A  constellation  in  the  northern  sky. 
 The  constellation  Leo  :  Seen  in  the 
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 Pinnacle  Geography 
 northern  hemisphere  in  the  spring. 
 Cassiopeia  :  A  large  constellation 
 located  in  the  northern  sky,  named  after 
 Cassiopeia,  the  vain  and  boastful  queen 
 in greek. There are 88 constellations. 
 Q.15.  Which  among  the  following  is 
 another word for universe? 
 SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Big Crunch  (b) Astronomy 
 (c) Cosmos  (d) Supernova 
 Sol.15.(c)  Cosmos  (Greek  word) 
 meaning both "order" and "world". 
 Q.16  .  Each  orbit  of  the  International 
 Space Station (ISS) takes _____minutes . 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 80 - 82  (b) 85 - 87 
 (c) 90 - 93  (d) 83 - 86 
 Sol.16.(c) 90-93  . In 24 hours, the space 
 station  makes  16  orbits  of  Earth, 
 traveling  through  16  sunrises  and 
 sunsets. 
 Q.17.  In  approximately  how  much  time 
 does  Mars  complete  one  spin  on  its 
 axis? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 16 hours  (b) 8 hours 
 (c) 1 day 18 hours      (d) 1day 
 Sol.17.(d)  1  day.  Rotation  time  of  planets 
 (Approx.):  Earth  (1  day  -  23  hours  56 
 min),  Jupiter  (9  hours  56  minutes), 
 Saturn  (10  hours  40  minutes),  Uranus  (17 
 hours  14  minutes)  and  Neptune  (16 
 hours). 
 Q.18.  Which  among  the  following  is  not  a 
 type of solar eclipse? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Annular  (b) Partial 
 (c) Penumbral  (d) Total 
 Sol.18.(c)  Penumbral  (Lunar  eclipse)  .  A 
 solar  eclipse  occurs  when  the  Moon 
 passes  between  Earth  and  the  Sun. 
 Types  of  solar  eclipse:  Total  (Completely 
 blocking  the  face  of  the  Sun),  Hybrid  (the 
 Moon  is  farther  away  from  Earth,  it 
 appears  smaller  than  the  Sun  and  does 
 not  completely  cover  the  Sun)  and 
 Annular  (when  Sun  is  at  or  near  its 
 farthest point from Earth). 
 Q.19.  The distance of the Sun from the 
 Earth is about ________  light minutes. 
 SSC CHSL 20/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 6  (b) 4.3  (c) 12  (d) 8 
 Sol.19.(d)  8.  Interstellar  distance: 
 Distance  between  any  two  celestial 
 bodies;  measured  in  astronomical  units 
 (AU).  Moon:  1.3  light-seconds  away  from 
 the  Earth.  Proxima  Centauri:  4.2 
 light-years  from  Sun.  Light  -  year  is  the 
 distance  light  travels  in  one  year.  1  Light 
 year = 63241 AU (approx). 
 Q.20.  The  asteroid  belt  lies  between 
 which two planets ? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Jupiter and Saturn 
 (b) Mars and Jupiter 
 (c) Saturn and Uranus 
 (d) Mercury and Venus 
 Sol.20.(b)  Mars  and  Jupiter.  Asteroid 
 Belt  separates  the  inner  and  outer 
 planets.  Jupiter  and  Saturn,  Uranus  and 
 Neptune  are  the  Outer  planets  (Last  four 
 from  the  Sun)  and  also  known  as  Jovian 
 Planets.  The  ?rst  four  planets  (Mercury, 
 Venus,  Earth  and  Mars)  are  known  as 
 Inner or Terrestrial planets. 
 Q.21.  In  early  1610,  who  discovered  with 
 his  newly  invented  telescope  that  Jupiter 
 has four moons? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Simon Marius      (b) Tycho Brahe 
 (c) Galileo Galilei       (d) Johannes Kepler 
 Sol.21.(c)  Galileo  Galilei.  He  was  an 
 Italian  astronomer  and  scientist.  He 
 described  the  rings  of  Saturn,  the  phases 
 of  Venus,  sunsets,  and  the  bumpy  lunar 
 surface.  The  four  moons  he  discovered 
 were:  Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. 
 Q.22.  Who  was  the  ?rst  to  accurately 
 describe  the  rings  of  Saturn  as  a  disc 
 around the planet in 1655? 
 SSC CGL 06/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Hideki Yukawa 
 (b) Galileo Galilei 
 (c) Christiaan Huygens 
 (d) Giovanni Cassini 
 Sol.22.(c)  Christiaan  Huygens.  His  other 
 inventions:  pendulum  clock,  Centrifugal 
 governors and magic lantern. 
 Q.23.  The  moon  completes  ______ 
 rotation  on  its  axis  as  it  completes  one 
 revolution around the Earth. 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) 3  (b) 2  (c) 1  (d) 4 
 Sol.23.(c)  1.  The  Moon  is  Earth's  only 
 natural  satellite  circling  the  planet  at  an 
 average  distance  of  384,400  kilometers. 
 The  Moon's  presence  helps  stabilize  our 
 planet  and  moderate  our  climate.  A 
 single  orbit  of  our  planet  takes  the  Moon 
 27.3  Earth  days  -  The  same  amount  of 
 time  it  takes  for  the  satellite  to  also 
 rotate  once  on  its  axis.  Huygens  is  the 
 Moon's tallest mountain. 
 Q.24.  Which of the following is a part of 
 celestial objects? 
 I. Stars ,  II. Planets ,  III. Moon 
 SSC CPO  09/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Only I and III  (b) Only I and II 
 (c) I, II and III  (d) Only II and III 
 Sol.24.(c)  I,  II  and  III.  Celestial  bodies 
 (heavenly  bodies)  include:  Planets,  Stars, 
 Satellites,  Comets,  Asteroids,  Meteors 
 and  Meteorites,  Galaxies.  Halley's  Comet 
 (1P/Halley)  is  a  short-period  comet 
 visible from Earth every 75–79 years. 
 Q.25.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 regarding the moon is correct? 
 I.  The  size  of  the  illuminated  part  of  the 
 moon  visible  from  the  Earth  increases 
 each day after the new moon day. 
 II.  After  the  full  moon  day,  the  sunlit  part 
 of  the  moon  visible  from  the  Earth 
 decreases in size every day. 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Both I and II  (b) Only I 
 (c) Neither I nor II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.25.(a)  Both  I  and  II.  When  there  are 
 two  full  moons  within  a  month,  the 
 second  full  moon  is  called  a  Blue  Moon, 
 When  a  full  moon  occurs  at  its  perigee 
 (the  moon  is  closest  to  the  earth)  it  is 
 called a Supermoon. 
 Q.26.  Which  of  the  following  dwarf 
 planets lies in the main asteroid belt ? 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022(Afternoon) 
 (a) Eris  (b) Makemake 
 (c) Ceres  (d) Haumea 
 Sol.26.(c)  Ceres  is  a  dwarf  planet  in  the 
 asteroid  belt  between  the  orbits  of  Mars 
 and  Jupiter.  Eris  is  the  most  massive  and 
 one  of  the  largest  known  dwarf  planets  in 
 the  Solar  System.  Haumea  is  a  dwarf 
 planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. 
 Q.27.  The  ______  radiation  belts  are  giant 
 swaths  of  magnetically  trapped  highly 
 energetic charged particles that surround 
 Earth. 
 SSC CGL 13/04/2022(Morning) 
 (a) Van Allen            (b) Aurora 
 (c) Kuiper  (d) Chinook 
 Sol.27.(a)  Van  Allen.  An  aurora  is  a 
 natural  phenomenon  which  is 
 characterized  by  a  display  of  a 
 natural-coloured  (green,  red,  yellow  or 
 white)  light  in  the  sky.  Kuiper  belt,  ?at 
 ring  of  icy  small  bodies  that  revolve 
 around  the  Sun  beyond  the  orbit  of  the 
 planet Neptune. 
 Q.28.  Which  of  the  following  celestial 
 bodies  has  a  natural  satellite  named 
 ‘Charon’? 
 SSC MTS 05/10/2021(Evening) 
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 (a) Haumea (b) Pluto (c) Mars (d) Saturn 
 Sol.28.(b)  Pluto  .  Charon  is  known  as 
 Pluto.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  ?ve  known 
 natural  satellites  of  the  dwarf  planet 
 Pluto. 
 Q.29.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 windiest planet in the solar system? 
 SSC MTS 14/10/2021(Evening) 
 (a) Neptune  (b) Uranus 
 (c) Saturn  (d) Mars 
 Sol.29.(a)  Neptune  is  the  eighth  and 
 farthest-known  Solar  planet  from  the 
 Sun.  It  is  17  times  the  mass  of  Earth. 
 Neptune is dark, cold, and very windy. 
 Q.30.  In  which  of  the  following  periods  is 
 the  meteor  shower  named  Quadrantids 
 generally visible from Earth? 
 SSC MTS 20/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) August/September 
 (b) October/November 
 (c) May/June 
 (d) December/January 
 Sol.30.(d)  December/January.  The 
 meteor  shower  named  Quadrantids  is 
 generally  visible  from  Earth  .  The 
 Quadrantids  can  produce  over  100 
 meteors per hour in a moonless sky. 
 Q.31.  In  which  of  the  following  months 
 may  the  meteor  shower  named  Lyrids  be 
 seen from Earth? 
 SSC MTS 20/10/2021(Afternoon) 
 (a) April  (b) February (c) June (d) August 
 Sol.31.(a)  April.  The  radiant  point  for  the 
 Lyrid  meteor  shower  is  near  the 
 constellation  Lyra,  which  has  the  bright 
 star Vega in the east. 
 Q.32.  IC 1101 is a ______. 
 SSC CHSL 06/08/2021(Evening) 
 (a) asteroid  (b) galaxy 
 (c) supernova  (d) satellite 
 Sol.32.(b)  galaxy.  IC  1101  is  a  supergiant 
 elliptical  galaxy  at  the  center  of  the  Abell 
 2029  galaxy  cluster  and  is  one  of  the 
 largest known galaxies. 
 Q.33.  The  approximate  period  between 
 two consecutive new moons is ___ days. 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 15.5  (b) 28.5   (c) 29.5   (d) 15 
 Sol.33.(c)  29.5  days  .  The  time  interval 
 between  a  full  moon  and  the  next 
 repetition  of  the  same  phase,  a  synodic 
 month, averages about 29.53 days. 
 Q.34.  What is the radius of the moon? 
 SSC CHSL 19/03/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 1.78  10 
 6 
 m       (b) 1.79  10 
 6 
 m × ×
 (c) 1.74  10 
 5 
 m        (d) 1.74  10 
 6 
 m × ×
 Sol.34.(d)  1.74  ×  10 
 6 
 m  .  The  distance 
 between  the  moon  and  the  earth  is 
 384,400 km. 
 Q.35.  During  the  phenomenon  of 
 aphelion,  the  approximate  distance 
 between the earth and the sun is: 
 SSC CHSL 12/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 137 million km      (b) 152 million km 
 (c) 147 million km      (d) 142 million km 
 Sol.35.(b)  152  million  km.  Aphelion  is 
 the  point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is 
 farthest  away  from  the  Sun.  Perihelion  is 
 the  point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is 
 nearest to the Sun. 
 Q.36.  The  _____  is  responsible  for  Earth's 
 magnetic ?eld. 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Morning) 
 (a) inner core  (b) mantle 
 (c) outer core  (d) crust 
 Sol.36.(c)  outer  core.  On  Earth,  ?owing 
 liquid  metal  in  the  outer  core  of  the 
 planet  generates  electric  currents.  The 
 rotation  of  Earth  on  its  axis  causes  these 
 electric  currents  to  form  a  magnetic  ?eld 
 which extends around the planet. 
 Q.37.  The  process  that  moves,  elevates 
 or  builds  up  portions  of  the  earth’s  crust 
 is called: 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) denudation  (b) volcanism 
 (c) weathering  (d) diastrophism 
 Sol.37.(d)  Diastrophism  .  Denudation  is 
 the  process  of  wearing  away  the  Earth's 
 surface  by  weathering  and  erosion. 
 Volcanism  is  the  process  of  molten  rock 
 (magma)  erupting  onto  the  Earth's 
 surface. 
 Q.38.  The  bodies  glowing  in  the  night  sky 
 are known as ______. 
 SSC CGL 03/03/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) Celestial bodies   (b) Asteroids 
 (c) Planetarium  (d) Meteorite 
 Sol.38.(a)  Celestial  bodies  are  objects  in 
 space,  such  as  stars,  planets,  moons, 
 and galaxies. 
 Q.39.  Lucifer  is  another  name  for  the 
 planet______. 
 SSC CGL 03/03/2020(Evening) 
 (a) Jupiter (b) Mars  (c) Venus  (d) Saturn 
 Sol.39.(c)  Venus.  Lucifer  means  “Light- 
 bringer”.  Other  Planet  Nickname  -  Ringed 
 Planet  (Saturn),  Red  Planet  (Mars),  Giant 
 Planet (Jupiter). 
 Q.40.  Planetary scientists call the thin 
 gaseous  envelope  around  the  Moon  as 
 the ______. 
 SSC CGL 04/03/2020(Morning) 
 (a) lunar exosphere 
 (b) lunar stratosphere 
 (c) lunar thermosphere 
 (d) lunar endosphere 
 Sol.40.(a)  lunar  exosphere  bounded  by 
 the  emptiness  of  space  and  the  Moon’s 
 surface  ,  is  an  atmosphere  so  thin  that 
 atoms  really  collide.  Chandrayaan-2 
 observed  Argon-40  in  the  lunar 
 exosphere. 
 Q.41.  How  many  degrees  does  the  Earth 
 rotate about its own axis in one hour? 
 SSC CGL 06/03/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 10  (b) 20       (c) 24  (d) 15 
 Sol.41.(d)  15.  On  its  axis,  the  earth 
 rotates 360 degrees every 24 hours. 
 Longitudes and Latitudes 
 Q.42.  Which  of  the  following  sets  of 
 statements  are  correct  about  Inter 
 Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)? 
 a.  The  ITCZ  is  a  broad  trough  of  low 
 pressure in equatorial latitudes. 
 b.  This  is  where  the  northeast  and  the 
 southeast trade winds converge. 
 c.  The  ITCZ  is  the  equatorial  trough 
 normally  positioned  about  5°N  of  the 
 equator  and  remains  there  throughout 
 the year. 
 d.  The  ITCZ  moves  over  to  the  plane  of 
 Ganga in Summer. 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only a and c  (b) a, b and c 
 (c) Only b and c  (d) a, b and d 
 Sol.42.(d)  a,  b  and  d.  Intertropical 
 Convergence  Zone  (ITCZ)  -  The  region 
 that  circles  the  Earth,  near  the  equator, 
 where  the  trade  winds  of  the  Northern 
 and  Southern  Hemispheres  come 
 together.  Seasonal  shifts  in  the  location 
 of  the  ITCZ  drastically  affects  rainfall  in 
 many  equatorial  nations,  resulting  in  the 
 wet  and  dry  seasons  of  the  tropics  rather 
 than  the  cold  and  warm  seasons  of 
 higher latitudes. 
 Q.43.  During  October-November,  the 
 apparent  movement  of  the  sun  is 
 towards the __________. 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) North  (b) North-East 
 (c) North-West  (d) South 
 Sol.43.(d)  South.  The  position  of  the 
 rising  sun  keeps  on  moving  towards  the 
 south  in  the  period  from  21st  June  to 
 22nd  December.  This  period  is  called 
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 Dakshinayan  .  From  22nd  December  to 
 21st  June,  the  sun  keeps  on  moving 
 towards  the  north.  This  period  is  called 
 Uttarayan. 
 Q.44.  The  southern  part  of  India  lies  in 
 the _________ belt. 
 SSC MTS 19/06/2023 (Afternoon 
 (a) rain (b) temperate (c) polar (d) warm 
 Sol.44.(d)  Warm  -  The  region  between 
 the  Tropic  of  Cancer  and  the  Tropic  of 
 Capricorn  is  characterized  by  hot 
 temperatures,  high  humidity,  and 
 abundant rainfall. 
 Q.45.  Tropic  of  Cancer  (23°30'  N)  passes 
 through__________ state of india. 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Punjab  (b) Maharashtra 
 (c) Chhattisgarh  (d) Kerala 
 Sol.45.(c)  Chhattisgarh.  The  Tropic  of 
 Cancer  passes  through  eight  states  in 
 India  -  Gujarat  (Jasdan),  Rajasthan 
 (Kalinjarh),  Madhya  Pradesh  (Shajapur), 
 Chhattisgarh  (Sonhat),  Jharkhand 
 (Lohardaga), West Bengal (Krishnanagar), 
 Tripura  (Udaipur)  and  Mizoram 
 (Champhai). 
 Q.46.  On  which  of  the  following  two 
 dates does the equinox fall? 
 SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) 21 June and 23 September 
 (b) 21 March and 21 June 
 (c) 21 March and 23 September 
 (d) 23 September and 22 December 
 Sol.46.(c)  21  March  and  23  September  . 
 Equinox  is  the  situation  when  the  equator 
 receives  the  vertical  rays  of  the  Sun  and 
 day  and  night  are  equal.  Spring  equinox  - 
 21st  March,  Autumn  equinox  -  23 
 September.  21st  June  (winter  solstice  in 
 Southern  Hemisphere,  Summer  solstice 
 in  Northern  hemisphere)  -  The  rays  of  the 
 sun  fall  directly  on  the  Tropic  of  Cancer. 
 22  December  (Summer  solstice  in 
 Southern  hemisphere,  winter  solstice  in 
 Northern  Hemisphere)  -  The  rays  of  the 
 sun  fall  directly  on  the  Tropic  of 
 Capricorn. 
 Q.47.  From  the  north  most  to  south  most 
 point of India, what is the extent of India? 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) 4109 km  (b) 2914 km 
 (c) 3214 km  (d) 3785 km 
 Sol.47.(c)  3214  km.  Extent  of  India:  East 
 to  west  (2,933  km),  land  frontier  (15,200 
 km),  coastline  (7,516.6  km).  The 
 westernmost  point  (Ghuar  Moti  in  Kutch). 
 The  easternmost  point  (Kibithu  in 
 Arunachal  Pradesh).  Indira  Col 
 (northernmost  point).  Indira  Point  (Great 
 Nicobar  Island,  Andaman  sea)  is  the 
 Southernmost  point  of  India  while 
 Kanyakumari  is  the  southernmost  point 
 of the Indian Mainland. 
 Q.48.  What  is  the  zone  between  the 
 arctic circle and north pole called? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Torrid zone 
 (b) Frigid zone 
 (c) North temperate zone 
 (d) South temperate zone 
 Sol.48.(b)  Frigid  zone.  The  North  Frigid 
 Zone,  between  the  North  Pole  at  90°  N 
 and  the  Arctic  Circle  at  66°33'48.7"  N, 
 covers 4.12% of Earth's surface. 
 Q.49.  The  90  degree  East  Meridian  does 
 NOT pass through: 
 SSC CPO 24/11/2020(Morning) 
 (a) Meghalaya  (b) Sikkim 
 (c) Bhutan  (d) Bangladesh 
 Sol.49.(b)  Sikkim.  The  90  degree  East 
 Meridian  passes  through  Assam  and 
 Meghalaya  in  India  and  it  crosses  Bhutan 
 and Bangladesh. 
 Q.50.  1°  latitude  is  equal  to 
 approximately ______ km. 
 SSC CHSL 16/10/2020(Afternoon) 
 (a) 111  (b) 145    (c) 133  (d) 122 
 Sol.50.(a)  111  km.  This  distance 
 decreases  marginally  as  one  travels  to 
 poles  and  increases  marginally  as  one 
 goes towards the equator. 
 Q.51.  Lines  joining  located  at  equal  travel 
 time from a common centre are called: 
 SSC CHSL 21/10/2020(Morning) 
 (a) Isohalines  (b) Isochrones 
 (c) Isobar  (d) Isobronts 
 Sol.51.(b)  Isochrones  .  Isohaline  -  A  line 
 drawn  on  a  map  to  indicate  connecting 
 points  of  equal  salinity  in  the  ocean. 
 Isonomal  -  A  line  on  a  chart  connecting 
 points  of  equal  abundance  values  of  a 
 plant  species  sampled  in  different 
 sections  of  an  area.  Isobronts  -  A  line 
 drawn  through  geographical  points  at 
 which a given phase of thunderstorm 
 activity occurred simultaneously. 
 Q.52.  All  parallel  circles  from  the  Equator 
 to the poles are known as ______. 
 SSC CHSL 26/10/2020(Evening) 
 (a) Parallels of Latitude 
 (b) Arctic Circle 
 (c) Tropic of Cancer 
 (d) Antarctic Circle 
 Sol.52.(a) Parallels of Latitude.  The 
 parallels  of  latitude  refer  to  the  angular 
 distance,  in  degrees,  minutes  and 
 seconds  of  a  point  north  or  south  of  the 
 Equator. 
 Q.53.  Name  the  state  capital  located  530 
 metres  above  the  sea  level  between  93 
 East longitude and 27 North latitude. 
 SSC CGL 09/03/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Dispur  (b) Itanagar 
 (c) Patna  (d) Hyderabad 
 Sol.53.(b)  Itanagar  (capital  of  Arunachal 
 Pradesh).  Other  State  Capital  Latitude 
 and  Longitude  -  Patna  (25  North,  85 
 East),  Dispur  (26  North,  91  East), 
 Hyderabad (17 North, 78 East). 
 Continents and Oceans 
 Q.54.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  match  between  column-A  and 
 column-B? 
 Column - A 
 (Elements in earth 
 crust) 
 Column - B 
 (Total % in earth 
 crust) 
 i. Oxygen  a. 8% 
 ii. Silicon  b. 28% 
 iii. Aluminium  c. 47% 
 iv. Iron  d. 5% 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d   (b) i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d 
 (c) i-c, ii-b, iii-a, iv-d   (d) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d 
 Sol.54.(c)  i-c,  ii-b,  iii-a,  iv-d.  Abundances 
 of  other  Element  in  the  Earth’s  Crust: 
 Calcium  (Ca)  -  3.63%,  Sodium  (Na)  - 
 2.83%,  Potassium  (K)  -  2.59%, 
 Magnesium  (Mg)  -  2.09%  and  others  - 
 1.41%.  Earth  has  three  layers:  crust 
 (upper  layer),  mantle  (middle  layer),  and 
 core (lower layer). 
 Q.55.  Continental  Shelf  which  is  the 
 shallowest  part  of  the  ocean  has  an 
 average gradient of: 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) 1° or even less   (b) 2° or even less 
 (c) 8° or even less   (d) 5° or even less 
 Sol.55.(a)  1°  or  even  less.  The 
 Continental  Shelf  is  the  extended  margin 
 of  each  continent  occupied  by  relatively 
 shallow  seas  and  gulfs.  About 
 Continental  Shelf  :  The  shelf  typically 
 ends  at  a  very  steep  slope,  called  the 
 shelf  break.  Their  width  varies  globally, 
 with  an  average  of  about  80  km,  but  can 
 be  narrower  or  even  absent  in  some 
 regions,  such  as  the  coasts  of  Chile  and 
 the west coast of Sumatra. 
 Q.56.  The earth's perihelion occurs in: 
 SSC CPO 03/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
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 (a) October  (b) January 
 (c) July  (d) September 
 Sol.56.(b)  January.  Perihelion  -  It  is  the 
 point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is  nearest  to 
 the  Sun.  This  always  happens  in  early 
 January  about  two  weeks  after  the 
 December  Solstice.  Aphelion  -  It  is  the 
 point  of  the  Earth’s  orbit  that  is  farthest 
 away  from  the  Sun.  It  always  happens  in 
 early  July  about  two  weeks  after  the 
 June solstice. 
 Q.57.  What  is  the  name  of  the  large 
 supercontinent  that  existed  200  million 
 years  ago  when  all  the  continents  were 
 together ? 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Pangea  (b) Asia 
 (c) India  (d) America 
 Sol.57.(a)  Pangea.  Alfred  Wegener 
 propounded  Continental  Drift  Theory  in 
 1912.  He  proposed  that  the  continents 
 were  once  united  into  a  single 
 supercontinent  called  Pangaea  (meaning 
 all  earth).  The  evidence  in  support  of  the 
 continental  drift  theory:  Jigsaw  Fit, 
 Geological  Fit,  Tectonic  Fit,  Glacial 
 Deposits, Fossil Evidence. 
 Q.58.  Living  organisms  have  been  on 
 Earth  for  how  much  percent  of  Earth's 
 history? 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) 60%  (b) 40%  (c) 80%  (d) 20% 
 Sol.58.(c)  80%.  Taking  Earth's  age  as 
 nearly  4.6  Billion  Years  (BY),  instead  of 
 13.7  BY  from  the  Big  Bang,  unicellular  life 
 appeared  nearly  3.8  BY  ago.  This 
 percentage  is  3.8/4.6  X  100  =  82.6%, 
 nearly. 
 Q.59.  Choose  the  correct  statement(s) 
 related to ‘continentality’. 
 a.  The  sea  exerts  a  moderating  in?uence 
 on climate. 
 b.  As  the  distance  from  the  sea 
 increases,  the  people  experience  extreme 
 weather conditions. 
 c.  As  one  goes  from  the  surface  of  the 
 earth  to  higher  altitudes,  the  atmosphere 
 becomes  less  dense  and  temperature 
 decreases. 
 SSC CPO 05/10/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) b and c  (b) Only c 
 (c) a and c  (d) a and b 
 Sol.59.(d)  a  and  b.  Continentality  -  Found 
 in  inland  areas.  It  is  very  hot  during 
 summers  and  very  cold  during  winters. 
 Continental  climates  are  common 
 between  40°  and  70°  north  latitude  and 
 experience  large  temperature  differences 
 between day and night. 
 Q.60.  The  Arabian  Sea  is  an  extension  of 
 which of the following oceans? 
 SSC MTS 04/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Paci?c Ocean  (b) Southern Ocean 
 (c) Arctic Ocean  (d) Indian ocean 
 Sol.60.(d)  Indian  ocean  is  the  only  ocean 
 in  the  world  which  has  been  named  after 
 a  country.  The  Indian  Ocean  bridges  the 
 gap  between  East  and  the  West.  The 
 Western  and  Eastern  parts  are  known  as 
 the  Arabian  Sea  and  Bay  of  Bengal. 
 Paci?c  Ocean  -  Largest  and  deepest 
 ocean in the world. 
 Q.61.  What does El Niño refer to ? 
 SSC MTS 06/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Hot water current 
 (b) Pressure water current 
 (c) High air pressure 
 (d) Low air pressur 
 Sol.61.(a)  Hot  water  current.  The  term  El 
 Nino  (Little  Boy  in  Spanish)  -  Warming  of 
 the  ocean  surface,  or  above-average  sea 
 surface  temperatures,  in  the  central  and 
 eastern  tropical  Paci?c  Ocean  on  the 
 coast  of  Peru.  El  nino  leads  to  weakening 
 of  trade  winds  in  a  region.  La  Nina  (Little 
 Girl  in  Spanish)  -  The  periodic  cooling  of 
 ocean  surface  temperatures  in  the 
 central  and  east-central  equatorial 
 Paci?c. 
 Q.62.  Which  of  the  following  oceans  is 
 surrounded  by  the  continent  of  North 
 America and South America to the east? 
 SSC MTS 08/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Paci?c Ocean  (b) Atlantic Ocean 
 (c) Indian Ocean   (d) Arctic Ocean 
 Sol.62.(a)  Paci?c  Ocean  (world’s  largest 
 and  deepest  ocean):  It  represents  45 
 percent  of  the  global  ocean  surface.  The 
 International  Date  Line  (established  in 
 1884)  passes  through  the  mid-Paci?c 
 Ocean.  Atlantic  Ocean  (S  -  shaped)  : 
 Deepest  trench  -  Puerto  Rico;  The 
 Sargasso  sea,  the  only  sea  in  the  world 
 without  any  shore  (land  boundary),  is 
 present  in  the  Atlantic  ocean.  Indian 
 Ocean  (the  warmest)  :  Deepest  trench  - 
 Sunda  (or  Java  trench).  The  Antarctic 
 Ocean  (Southern  Ocean)  is  known  for  its 
 turbulent waters. 
 Q.63.  Which  of  the  following  oceans 
 extends into the Mediterranean Sea ? 
 SSC MTS 08/09/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Indian Ocean  (b) Paci?c Ocean 
 (c) Atlantic Ocean  (d) Arctic Ocean 
 Sol.63.(c)  Atlantic  Ocean  is  the  2nd 
 largest  ocean  in  the  world.  The 
 Mediterranean  is  an  intercontinental  sea 
 spread  between  Europe,  North  Africa, 
 and  Western  Asia  and  connected  to  the 
 Atlantic  Ocean  through  the  strait  of 
 Gibraltar.  Indian  Ocean  -  3rd  largest 
 Ocean  in  the  world.  Paci?c  Ocean  - 
 Largest  ocean  in  the  world.  Arctic  Ocean 
 -  Smallest ocean in the world. 
 Q.64.  The  mohororvicic  (Moho) 
 discontinuity separates ? 
 SSC MTS 13/09/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Earth's lithosphere and 
 asthenosphere 
 (b) Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere 
 (c) Earth's crust and the inner core 
 (d) Earth's crust and the mantle 
 Sol.64.(d)  Earth's  crust  and  the  mantle. 
 Moho  discontinuity  -  It  occurs  at  an 
 average  depth  of  about  8  kilometers 
 beneath  the  ocean  basins  and  32 
 kilometers beneath continental surfaces. 
 Q.65.  The  periodic  growth  and  drop  of 
 sea water level is known as: 
 SSC CHSL 11/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) wave  (b) sea current 
 (c) tide  (d) ?ood 
 Sol.65.(c)  Tide:  Forms  when  there  is  an 
 increase  or  decrease  in  the  sea  level  that 
 happens  periodically  because  of  the 
 gravitational  force  of  the  moon  and  sun. 
 Types  of  Tides:  Tides  Based  on 
 Frequency  -  Semi-Diurnal  Tides,  Diurnal 
 Tides,  Mixed.  Tides  Based  on  the 
 Position  of  Earth,  Sun,  and  the  Moon  - 
 Spring Tides, Neap Tides. 
 Q.66.  Due  to  the  attraction  of  the  sun  and 
 the  moon,  what  is  the  frequency  of  up 
 and falls of ocean water in a day? 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) One 
 Sol.66.(a)  Two.  When  the  Earth,  Sun,  and 
 Moon  line  up,  their  gravitational  power 
 combines  to  make  exceptionally  high 
 tides  where  the  bulges  occur,  called 
 spring  tides,  as  well  as  very  low  tides 
 where  the  water  has  been  displaced. 
 When  the  Sun  is  at  a  right  angle  to  the 
 Moon,  moderate  tides,  called  neap  tides. 
 There  are  generally  three  types  of  tides: 
 Diurnal  -  One  high  and  low  tide  each  day, 
 Semi-diurnal  -  Two  high  and  low  tides 
 each  day,  and  Mixed  -  Two  high  and  low 
 tides each day of different heights. 
 Q.67.  Where  does  the  lower  salinity 
 water  rest  with  the  higher  salinity  dense 
 water? 
 SSC CGL 20/0g7/2023 (4th shift) 
 (a) Above  (b) Below 
 (c) It combines  (d) It is separate 
 Sol.67.(a) Above. Salinity  is the measure 
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