Safety, Security and First Aid | Health and Physical Education for Class 8 PDF Download

 Page 1


Safety, Security and First Aid 143
Safety, Security 
and First Aid
IntroductIon Our lives are full of activities, ranging 
from taking bath to cooking food, 
playing games and sports, carrying 
things, working on machines, etc. We 
also come in contact with animals 
while playing with pets, on roads 
with stray animals or while moving 
close to animal habitats. They cause 
injuries to us. In previous classes, 
we have discussed the various 
measures to promote safety and 
security in such situations and 
managing minor injuries. In this 
Unit, we shall discuss first aid and 
its application in soft tissue injuries, 
and other safety and security 
measures against animal attacks. 
ActIvIty 8.1: Various animal attack injuries
A teacher divides the class into groups of 5–6 students each. The 
teacher asks them to prepare a list of animals, including pets, 
they see in their locality.
? ? Ask the students about various animals, which can injure 
them and how.
? ? Ask them to discuss how they manage the injury.
This Unit will help 
a teacher to enable 
students to:
? ? discuss and adopt 
safety and security 
measures.
? ? define first aid.
? ? enlist various 
situations 
requiring first aid.
? ? learn about 
various safety and 
security measures, 
and injuries 
caused by animal 
attacks.
? ? acquire knowledge 
about dressing 
and bandaging.
Objectives
8
Unit
Page 2


Safety, Security and First Aid 143
Safety, Security 
and First Aid
IntroductIon Our lives are full of activities, ranging 
from taking bath to cooking food, 
playing games and sports, carrying 
things, working on machines, etc. We 
also come in contact with animals 
while playing with pets, on roads 
with stray animals or while moving 
close to animal habitats. They cause 
injuries to us. In previous classes, 
we have discussed the various 
measures to promote safety and 
security in such situations and 
managing minor injuries. In this 
Unit, we shall discuss first aid and 
its application in soft tissue injuries, 
and other safety and security 
measures against animal attacks. 
ActIvIty 8.1: Various animal attack injuries
A teacher divides the class into groups of 5–6 students each. The 
teacher asks them to prepare a list of animals, including pets, 
they see in their locality.
? ? Ask the students about various animals, which can injure 
them and how.
? ? Ask them to discuss how they manage the injury.
This Unit will help 
a teacher to enable 
students to:
? ? discuss and adopt 
safety and security 
measures.
? ? define first aid.
? ? enlist various 
situations 
requiring first aid.
? ? learn about 
various safety and 
security measures, 
and injuries 
caused by animal 
attacks.
? ? acquire knowledge 
about dressing 
and bandaging.
Objectives
8
Unit
 
? ? The students can be asked to prepare a chart of preventive 
measures against animal attacks and share this in a 
large group.
? ? The teacher can summarise the discussion based on the 
fact sheet.
8.2: Role-play on animal bites
The teacher divides the students in groups of four–five members 
each, and can give them a situation for role-play like the following: 
? ? managing a case of dog or monkey bite
? ? prevention of bites
? ? first aid for dog bite
The teacher summarises with the help of a fact sheet and 
asks the students to narrate their own or observed experience of 
animal bite.
8.3: First aid box
The teacher discusses and prepares 
a first aid box and demonstrates 
its contents in the classroom. The 
students in groups assemble the 
material for the first aid box and 
submit ready-to-use first aid box.
Providing first aid
The teacher demonstrates the use of 
first aid box with the help of some 
students in situations of dog, monkey and snake bite. A visit 
to a local Primary Health Centre or Community Health Centre 
or hospital can also be arranged for the students to sensitise 
them about various ongoing health activities.
Child safety and security
Every year, children get injured due to animal bites. Parents 
and teachers must ensure the safety of children. Teachers and 
parents must always be vigilant. 
Fig. 8.1: First aid box
Page 3


Safety, Security and First Aid 143
Safety, Security 
and First Aid
IntroductIon Our lives are full of activities, ranging 
from taking bath to cooking food, 
playing games and sports, carrying 
things, working on machines, etc. We 
also come in contact with animals 
while playing with pets, on roads 
with stray animals or while moving 
close to animal habitats. They cause 
injuries to us. In previous classes, 
we have discussed the various 
measures to promote safety and 
security in such situations and 
managing minor injuries. In this 
Unit, we shall discuss first aid and 
its application in soft tissue injuries, 
and other safety and security 
measures against animal attacks. 
ActIvIty 8.1: Various animal attack injuries
A teacher divides the class into groups of 5–6 students each. The 
teacher asks them to prepare a list of animals, including pets, 
they see in their locality.
? ? Ask the students about various animals, which can injure 
them and how.
? ? Ask them to discuss how they manage the injury.
This Unit will help 
a teacher to enable 
students to:
? ? discuss and adopt 
safety and security 
measures.
? ? define first aid.
? ? enlist various 
situations 
requiring first aid.
? ? learn about 
various safety and 
security measures, 
and injuries 
caused by animal 
attacks.
? ? acquire knowledge 
about dressing 
and bandaging.
Objectives
8
Unit
 
? ? The students can be asked to prepare a chart of preventive 
measures against animal attacks and share this in a 
large group.
? ? The teacher can summarise the discussion based on the 
fact sheet.
8.2: Role-play on animal bites
The teacher divides the students in groups of four–five members 
each, and can give them a situation for role-play like the following: 
? ? managing a case of dog or monkey bite
? ? prevention of bites
? ? first aid for dog bite
The teacher summarises with the help of a fact sheet and 
asks the students to narrate their own or observed experience of 
animal bite.
8.3: First aid box
The teacher discusses and prepares 
a first aid box and demonstrates 
its contents in the classroom. The 
students in groups assemble the 
material for the first aid box and 
submit ready-to-use first aid box.
Providing first aid
The teacher demonstrates the use of 
first aid box with the help of some 
students in situations of dog, monkey and snake bite. A visit 
to a local Primary Health Centre or Community Health Centre 
or hospital can also be arranged for the students to sensitise 
them about various ongoing health activities.
Child safety and security
Every year, children get injured due to animal bites. Parents 
and teachers must ensure the safety of children. Teachers and 
parents must always be vigilant. 
Fig. 8.1: First aid box
 
The following safety measures help prevent animal bites:
1. Be vigilant.
2. Locate safe play area for children.
3. Keep children out of pet animal area.
4. Animals guarding their young ones can be more aggressive 
and unpredictable.
5. Insist your wards to wash hands after playing with pets.
6. Teach the children regarding safe play with pets, learning 
proper handling of pets, and irritable signs and symptoms.
7. Keep sick pets and other such animals away from children.
Children can be saved from many dangerous situations, if 
care and time is given to them. Some precautions need to be 
taken for ensuring better security of children at school, park, 
playground and home. The precautions are as follows:
1. Keep machinery and vehicles away from children’s reach.
2. While travelling in a bus, mini bus, school van, etc., ask 
the children to always do the following:
 (a) wear seat belt at all times
 (b) not distract the driver
 (c) not leave the vehicle without permission
 (d) not touch the vehicle’s controlling devices
3. Keep all pesticides, cleaning liquids, etc., in their original 
containers and in a secure lock.
4. Stop access to dangerous chemicals.
5. All gates and doors must be secured.
6. Time-to-time maintenance of nets, grills, barricades, 
ropes etc., must be ensured.
7. Supervise the children when they are near water.
8. Always encourage the children to ensure their security 
by teaching them SAFE (Stay Away From Edges).
First aid
First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a person 
for an injury or sudden illness before the arrival of a doctor or 
advanced medical care.
Page 4


Safety, Security and First Aid 143
Safety, Security 
and First Aid
IntroductIon Our lives are full of activities, ranging 
from taking bath to cooking food, 
playing games and sports, carrying 
things, working on machines, etc. We 
also come in contact with animals 
while playing with pets, on roads 
with stray animals or while moving 
close to animal habitats. They cause 
injuries to us. In previous classes, 
we have discussed the various 
measures to promote safety and 
security in such situations and 
managing minor injuries. In this 
Unit, we shall discuss first aid and 
its application in soft tissue injuries, 
and other safety and security 
measures against animal attacks. 
ActIvIty 8.1: Various animal attack injuries
A teacher divides the class into groups of 5–6 students each. The 
teacher asks them to prepare a list of animals, including pets, 
they see in their locality.
? ? Ask the students about various animals, which can injure 
them and how.
? ? Ask them to discuss how they manage the injury.
This Unit will help 
a teacher to enable 
students to:
? ? discuss and adopt 
safety and security 
measures.
? ? define first aid.
? ? enlist various 
situations 
requiring first aid.
? ? learn about 
various safety and 
security measures, 
and injuries 
caused by animal 
attacks.
? ? acquire knowledge 
about dressing 
and bandaging.
Objectives
8
Unit
 
? ? The students can be asked to prepare a chart of preventive 
measures against animal attacks and share this in a 
large group.
? ? The teacher can summarise the discussion based on the 
fact sheet.
8.2: Role-play on animal bites
The teacher divides the students in groups of four–five members 
each, and can give them a situation for role-play like the following: 
? ? managing a case of dog or monkey bite
? ? prevention of bites
? ? first aid for dog bite
The teacher summarises with the help of a fact sheet and 
asks the students to narrate their own or observed experience of 
animal bite.
8.3: First aid box
The teacher discusses and prepares 
a first aid box and demonstrates 
its contents in the classroom. The 
students in groups assemble the 
material for the first aid box and 
submit ready-to-use first aid box.
Providing first aid
The teacher demonstrates the use of 
first aid box with the help of some 
students in situations of dog, monkey and snake bite. A visit 
to a local Primary Health Centre or Community Health Centre 
or hospital can also be arranged for the students to sensitise 
them about various ongoing health activities.
Child safety and security
Every year, children get injured due to animal bites. Parents 
and teachers must ensure the safety of children. Teachers and 
parents must always be vigilant. 
Fig. 8.1: First aid box
 
The following safety measures help prevent animal bites:
1. Be vigilant.
2. Locate safe play area for children.
3. Keep children out of pet animal area.
4. Animals guarding their young ones can be more aggressive 
and unpredictable.
5. Insist your wards to wash hands after playing with pets.
6. Teach the children regarding safe play with pets, learning 
proper handling of pets, and irritable signs and symptoms.
7. Keep sick pets and other such animals away from children.
Children can be saved from many dangerous situations, if 
care and time is given to them. Some precautions need to be 
taken for ensuring better security of children at school, park, 
playground and home. The precautions are as follows:
1. Keep machinery and vehicles away from children’s reach.
2. While travelling in a bus, mini bus, school van, etc., ask 
the children to always do the following:
 (a) wear seat belt at all times
 (b) not distract the driver
 (c) not leave the vehicle without permission
 (d) not touch the vehicle’s controlling devices
3. Keep all pesticides, cleaning liquids, etc., in their original 
containers and in a secure lock.
4. Stop access to dangerous chemicals.
5. All gates and doors must be secured.
6. Time-to-time maintenance of nets, grills, barricades, 
ropes etc., must be ensured.
7. Supervise the children when they are near water.
8. Always encourage the children to ensure their security 
by teaching them SAFE (Stay Away From Edges).
First aid
First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a person 
for an injury or sudden illness before the arrival of a doctor or 
advanced medical care.
 
First aid aims
? ? to preserve life
? ? to prevent a patient’s condition from worsening
? ? to promote patient recovery
It involves a series of simple techniques, which can be 
performed with minimal medical knowledge and equipment. 
However, first aid must always be given by a trained person, 
who has knowledge about the basic steps of using equipment 
and resources available in area of work.
Situations requiring first aid 
Following are the various situations that require first aid:
? ? Animal bites and stings
? ? Bleeding and wounds 
? ? Fracture
? ? Burns
? ? Drowning
? ? Electric shock
? ? Foreign bodies in eye, ear, nose and windpipe (choking)
? ? Poisoning
? ? Extreme temperatures (frostbite, heatstroke)
? ? Sprain and strains
? ? Headache
? ? Toothache
First aid box
A first aid box must be available at home, school and workplaces. 
It must contain the following articles:
? ? A pair of disposable gloves
? ? Small sterile pad or dressing (4x4”): 10 pieces
? ? Large sterile pad or dressing (5x9”): 2 pieces
? ? Large sterile pad or dressing (8x10”): 1 piece
? ? Sterile or clean roller gauge (2”): 2 pieces 
? ? Sterile or clean roller gauge (4”): 2 pieces 
? ? Tape (1” width): 1 piece
? ? Antibiotic ointment: 1 piece
? ? Savlon solution: 1 bottle
Page 5


Safety, Security and First Aid 143
Safety, Security 
and First Aid
IntroductIon Our lives are full of activities, ranging 
from taking bath to cooking food, 
playing games and sports, carrying 
things, working on machines, etc. We 
also come in contact with animals 
while playing with pets, on roads 
with stray animals or while moving 
close to animal habitats. They cause 
injuries to us. In previous classes, 
we have discussed the various 
measures to promote safety and 
security in such situations and 
managing minor injuries. In this 
Unit, we shall discuss first aid and 
its application in soft tissue injuries, 
and other safety and security 
measures against animal attacks. 
ActIvIty 8.1: Various animal attack injuries
A teacher divides the class into groups of 5–6 students each. The 
teacher asks them to prepare a list of animals, including pets, 
they see in their locality.
? ? Ask the students about various animals, which can injure 
them and how.
? ? Ask them to discuss how they manage the injury.
This Unit will help 
a teacher to enable 
students to:
? ? discuss and adopt 
safety and security 
measures.
? ? define first aid.
? ? enlist various 
situations 
requiring first aid.
? ? learn about 
various safety and 
security measures, 
and injuries 
caused by animal 
attacks.
? ? acquire knowledge 
about dressing 
and bandaging.
Objectives
8
Unit
 
? ? The students can be asked to prepare a chart of preventive 
measures against animal attacks and share this in a 
large group.
? ? The teacher can summarise the discussion based on the 
fact sheet.
8.2: Role-play on animal bites
The teacher divides the students in groups of four–five members 
each, and can give them a situation for role-play like the following: 
? ? managing a case of dog or monkey bite
? ? prevention of bites
? ? first aid for dog bite
The teacher summarises with the help of a fact sheet and 
asks the students to narrate their own or observed experience of 
animal bite.
8.3: First aid box
The teacher discusses and prepares 
a first aid box and demonstrates 
its contents in the classroom. The 
students in groups assemble the 
material for the first aid box and 
submit ready-to-use first aid box.
Providing first aid
The teacher demonstrates the use of 
first aid box with the help of some 
students in situations of dog, monkey and snake bite. A visit 
to a local Primary Health Centre or Community Health Centre 
or hospital can also be arranged for the students to sensitise 
them about various ongoing health activities.
Child safety and security
Every year, children get injured due to animal bites. Parents 
and teachers must ensure the safety of children. Teachers and 
parents must always be vigilant. 
Fig. 8.1: First aid box
 
The following safety measures help prevent animal bites:
1. Be vigilant.
2. Locate safe play area for children.
3. Keep children out of pet animal area.
4. Animals guarding their young ones can be more aggressive 
and unpredictable.
5. Insist your wards to wash hands after playing with pets.
6. Teach the children regarding safe play with pets, learning 
proper handling of pets, and irritable signs and symptoms.
7. Keep sick pets and other such animals away from children.
Children can be saved from many dangerous situations, if 
care and time is given to them. Some precautions need to be 
taken for ensuring better security of children at school, park, 
playground and home. The precautions are as follows:
1. Keep machinery and vehicles away from children’s reach.
2. While travelling in a bus, mini bus, school van, etc., ask 
the children to always do the following:
 (a) wear seat belt at all times
 (b) not distract the driver
 (c) not leave the vehicle without permission
 (d) not touch the vehicle’s controlling devices
3. Keep all pesticides, cleaning liquids, etc., in their original 
containers and in a secure lock.
4. Stop access to dangerous chemicals.
5. All gates and doors must be secured.
6. Time-to-time maintenance of nets, grills, barricades, 
ropes etc., must be ensured.
7. Supervise the children when they are near water.
8. Always encourage the children to ensure their security 
by teaching them SAFE (Stay Away From Edges).
First aid
First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a person 
for an injury or sudden illness before the arrival of a doctor or 
advanced medical care.
 
First aid aims
? ? to preserve life
? ? to prevent a patient’s condition from worsening
? ? to promote patient recovery
It involves a series of simple techniques, which can be 
performed with minimal medical knowledge and equipment. 
However, first aid must always be given by a trained person, 
who has knowledge about the basic steps of using equipment 
and resources available in area of work.
Situations requiring first aid 
Following are the various situations that require first aid:
? ? Animal bites and stings
? ? Bleeding and wounds 
? ? Fracture
? ? Burns
? ? Drowning
? ? Electric shock
? ? Foreign bodies in eye, ear, nose and windpipe (choking)
? ? Poisoning
? ? Extreme temperatures (frostbite, heatstroke)
? ? Sprain and strains
? ? Headache
? ? Toothache
First aid box
A first aid box must be available at home, school and workplaces. 
It must contain the following articles:
? ? A pair of disposable gloves
? ? Small sterile pad or dressing (4x4”): 10 pieces
? ? Large sterile pad or dressing (5x9”): 2 pieces
? ? Large sterile pad or dressing (8x10”): 1 piece
? ? Sterile or clean roller gauge (2”): 2 pieces 
? ? Sterile or clean roller gauge (4”): 2 pieces 
? ? Tape (1” width): 1 piece
? ? Antibiotic ointment: 1 piece
? ? Savlon solution: 1 bottle
 
? ? Small towel: 1 piece
? ? Sealable plastic bag: 2 pieces
? ? Triangular bandage: 2 pieces 
? ? Folded or rolled rigid splinting material: 4 packs 
? ? Hand sanitiser (small bottle): 1 pack
? ? Sturdy weather tight container: 1 pack
The above articles must be inspected regularly. Replace the 
used ones and discard the articles that have expired.
8.4: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR [Cardio (heart) Pulmonary (lungs) 
Resuscitation (revival)], which is an 
emergency lifesaving procedure, is done 
on people whose heart has stopped 
functioning (cardiac arrest). By giving 
CPR, one can help save someone’s life. It 
must only be performed when a person 
shows no signs of life. Unconsciousness, 
unresponsiveness, not breathing or 
not breathing normally are some of the 
symtoms that may require CPR. 
Step 1
Ensure that the place 
and position is safe and a 
patient is lying on the back 
on a flat surface. Pinch on 
the patient’s arm and check 
for response.
Step 2
If the patient responds, then talk to the person and ask for the 
address and emergency contact number. At the same time, call 
at emergency helpline numbers 102 or 1099. If the person is 
breathing, then do not begin CPR, monitor until emergency 
care arrives.
*Fig. 8.2: The patient must lie on the 
back on a flat surface
Of the 56.5 per cent of 
out of hospital cardiac 
arrest events witnessed 
by bystanders, about 
92.5 per cent occur 
at home. Only 1.3 per 
cent of these arrests 
are received CPR by 
bystanders. 
(Source: Medi Bulletin 
2018)
* Source: ICMR, New Delhi [Fig. 8.2 to 8.5(b)]