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Sample Reading Comprehension - 15 | HPSC Preparation: All subjects - HPSC (Haryana) PDF Download

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".
The scope of AI is disputed: as machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered as requiring "intelligence" are often removed from the definition, a phenomenon known as the AI effect, leading to the quip, "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet." For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from "artificial intelligence", having become a routine technology. Capabilities generally classified as AI as of 2017 include successfully understanding human speech, competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), autonomous cars, intelligent routing in content delivery network and military simulations.
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an "AI winter"), followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding. For most of its history, AI research has been divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are based on technical considerations, such as particular goals (e.g. "robotics" or "machine learning"), the use of particular tools ("logic" or artificial neural networks), or deep philosophical differences. Subfields have also been based on social factors (particular institutions or the work of particular researchers).
The traditional problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is among the field's long-term goals. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional symbolic AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and many others. 

Question for Sample Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:What is the AI winter?
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Question for Sample Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:Does AI only draw on technology and mathematics?
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Question for Sample Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:Are sub-fields based only on social factors?
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Question for Sample Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:Are autonomous cars an example of AI?
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Question for Sample Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:Leaning and problem solving by machines is a colloquial way of understanding artificial intelligence?
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1. What is the eligibility criteria for the HPSC (Haryana) exam?
Ans. The eligibility criteria for the HPSC (Haryana) exam vary depending on the specific post and category. Generally, candidates must have a bachelor's degree in any discipline from a recognized university, and the age limit is between 18 to 42 years. However, it is advisable to refer to the official notification for detailed eligibility requirements.
2. How can I apply for the HPSC (Haryana) exam?
Ans. To apply for the HPSC (Haryana) exam, candidates need to visit the official website of the Haryana Public Service Commission (HPSC). The commission releases detailed instructions and a notification regarding the application process. Candidates need to register on the website, fill in the application form, upload necessary documents, and pay the required application fee. It is essential to carefully read and follow the instructions provided in the notification to ensure a successful application.
3. What is the selection process for the HPSC (Haryana) exam?
Ans. The selection process for the HPSC (Haryana) exam typically consists of multiple stages. It may include a preliminary examination, a mains examination, and a personal interview. The preliminary examination is usually objective in nature and tests the candidate's general knowledge and aptitude. The mains examination is a descriptive test that evaluates the candidate's subject-specific knowledge. Qualified candidates from the mains examination are called for a personal interview, which assesses their overall personality, communication skills, and suitability for the job.
4. How can I prepare for the HPSC (Haryana) exam?
Ans. To prepare for the HPSC (Haryana) exam, candidates should start by thoroughly understanding the exam pattern and syllabus. They should gather relevant study materials such as textbooks, previous year question papers, and reference books. It is also beneficial to join coaching classes or online courses that provide guidance and strategies for exam preparation. Creating a study schedule and sticking to it, practicing mock tests, and regularly revising the topics are essential for effective preparation. Additionally, staying updated with current affairs and regularly reading newspapers or online news sources can improve general knowledge, which is crucial for the exam.
5. Is there any negative marking in the HPSC (Haryana) exam?
Ans. Yes, there is usually a provision for negative marking in the HPSC (Haryana) exam. The specific details regarding negative marking, such as the deduction for each incorrect answer, are mentioned in the exam notification or instructions. It is important for candidates to carefully read and understand the marking scheme to avoid unnecessary deductions. It is advisable to attempt only those questions for which the candidate is reasonably confident to minimize the risk of negative marking.
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