Shapes And Patterns | Mathematics Olympiad for Class 1 PDF Download

Shapes

Every object around us is made up of a different shape like square, rectangle, oval, cuboid, etc.

Line

Every shape is made up of different types of lines.

What is a line?

A line is a collection of points. It is a geometrical object which is straight and infinitely long.

1. Straight Lines
   
2. Curved Lines
   

Shapes

There are many shapes around us.

Types of Shapes
There are two types of shapes:

1. 2-D Shapes

• 2-D Shapes are also known as flat shapes. These shapes can be drawn on a piece of paper.
• Square, rectangle, circle, triangle and oval are some of the 2-D shapes.
• All shapes are made up of lines. These lines are called sides.
• A ve rtex is a point where two sides meet. It is also called a corner.
• When there is more than one vertex, we say ‘vertices’.
• Circle and oval do not have sides or vertices.
• There are different types of 2-D shapes.

(i) Square

Square has 4 sides and 4 vertices or corners.
Example: Carom Board

(ii) Rectangle

Rectangle has 4 sides and 4 vertices or corners.
Example: Blackboard

(iii) Triangle

Triangle has 3 sides and 3 vertices or corners.

Example: Pizza slice

(iv) Circle

Circle has no sides and no corners. It is round in shape.

Example: Dartboard

(v) Oval

Oval has no sides and no corners.

Example: Rugby Ball

2. 3-D Shapes

3-D shapes are also known as solid shapes.
Solid Shapes

Patterns

Patterns are all around us. Have you seen a rangoli ? A rangoli is always made following a certain pattern.

A pattern is a repeating arrangement of numbers, shapes, alphabets and colours. When shapes, numbers, alphabets or colours are placed in a particular order they form a pattern. A pattern always follows a rule which helps us in determining what comes next in the sequence.

For Example:

• Pattern of stripes on the body of a tiger.
• Mehandi Design

1. Repeating Pattern

A repeating pattern is a pattern where the rule keeps on repeating again and again in a cyclic manner.

For Example: 

2. Types of Patterns

There are different types of patterns.

(i) Number Patterns

A list of numbers that follow a certain sequence or pattern.

For Example:

Hence, the number of pencils increases by 2 in each step.

(ii) Letter Patterns

Patterns can be made with the help of the same or different letters.
For Example:

(iii) Color Patterns

Patterns that can be made with the help of different colors.

For Example:

In rangoli, different colors are used to form different patterns.

(iv) Increasing and Decreasing Patterns

• Increasing Pattern: It is a pattern in which the numbers keep on increasing.
  For Example:
  
• Decreasing Pattern: It is a pattern in which the numbers keep on decreasing.
  For Example:

In this pattern, we can see that the pattern is decreasing by 3.