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1. Which of the following correctly represent the electronic distribution in the Mg atom?

(a) 3, 8, 1 (b) 2, 8, 2 (c) 1, 8, 3 (d) 8, 2, 2

2. Rutherford’s ‘alpha (α) particles scattering experiment’ resulted in to discovery of

(a) Electron (b) Proton (c) Nucleus in the atom (d) Atomic mass

3. The ion of an element has 3 positive charges. Mass number of the atom is 27 and the number of neutrons is 14. What is the number of electrons in the ion?

(a) 13 (b) 10 (c) 14 (d) 16

4. Elements with valency 1 are

(a) Always metals (b) always metalloids (c) either metals or non-metals (d) always non-metals

5. The first model of an atom was given by

(a) N. Bohr (b) E. Goldstein (c) Rutherford (d) J.J. Thomson

Ans: 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)

Very Short Answer Questions 2 x 5 = 10 marks

6. Is it possible for the atom of an element to have one electron, one proton and no neutron? If so, name the element.

Ans: Yes, it is true for hydrogen atom which is represented as ¹H₁

7. Why did Rutherford select a gold foil in his α–ray scattering experiment?

Ans it is because gold has high malleability can be hammered into thin sheet

8. Will Cl-35 and Cl-37 have different valences?

Ans: No, It is because these are isotopes of chlorine that have same atomic number but different mass number

9. Calculate the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an element X which is represented as ³¹X₁₅ .

Ans: ³¹X₁₅ .indicate that No. of proton=15 and mass number =31

Mass number = No. of protons + No. of neutrons = 31

Number of neutrons = 31– number of protons = 31–15 = 16

10. The atomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and 18 respectively, but the mass number of both these elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair of elements?

Ans: Isobars

Short Answer Questions (3 marks) 3 x 5 = 15 marks

11. Why do Helium, Neon and Argon have a zero valency?

Ans: Helium, Neon and Argon have 2, 8 and 8 electron in outermost cell so they are having no need to gain or loss electrons .Hence they have zero valency.

12. In what way the Rutherford proposed atomic model?

Ans: Rutherford proposed a model in which electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits. There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. He also proposed that the size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom and nearly all the mass of an atom is centered in the nucleus.

13. In what way the Thomson proposed atomic model?

Ans: Thomson proposed the model of an atom to be similar to a Christmas pudding. The electrons are studded like currants in a positively charged sphere like Christmas pudding and the mass of the atom was supposed to be uniformly distributed.

14. What were the drawbacks of Rutherford’s model of an atom?

Ans: The orbital revolution of the electron is not expected to be stable. Any particle in a circular orbit would undergo acceleration and the charged particles would radiate energy. Thus, the revolving electron would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus. If this were so, the atom should be highly unstable and hence matter would not exist in the form that we know.

15. What are the limitations of J.J. Thomson’s model of an atom?

Ans. The major limitation of J.J. Thomson’s model is that it does not explain how positively charged particles are shielded from negatively charged particles, without getting neutralized.

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FAQs on Short Answer Questions : Structure of the Atom - Class 9

1. What is an atom?

Ans. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

2. What is the structure of an atom?

Ans. An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move in orbits around the nucleus.

3. What is the charge of an atom?

Ans. An atom is electrically neutral, which means that the number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

4. What is the difference between an element and an atom?

Ans. An element is a substance that is made up of only one type of atom. Atoms are the smallest particles of elements that retain their chemical properties.

5. What are isotopes?

Ans. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. This means that isotopes have different atomic weights but similar chemical properties.

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