Short & Long Questions: India's Freedom Struggle | Be an Explorer 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets - Class 5 PDF Download

Short Answer Questions.

Q1: Who were some of the leaders of the Indian National Congress during its formation in 1885?
Ans: Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Badruddin Tyabji, Pheroze Shah Mehta, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopai Krishna Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Surendranath Banerjee.

Q2: Why was the Indian National Congress formed in 1885?
Ans: The dissatisfaction with British policies and the realization that the British intended to keep Indians poor and backward led to the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

Q3: What were the demands of the Indian National Congress?
Ans: The demands included benefits for Indians, employment of Indians in government jobs, and better living conditions for Indians.

Q4: What was the policy of 'Divide and Rule' implemented by the British?
Ans: The British implemented the policy of 'Divide and Rule' to weaken the unity among Indians and suppress their strong will to fight for freedom.

Q5: Why did the British partition Bengal in 1905?
Ans: The British partitioned Bengal in 1905 to weaken the unity between Hindus and Muslims by creating divisions based on religion.

Q6: Who was responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919?
Ans: General Dyer was responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.

Q7: What was the Rowlatt Act, and why did people protest against it?
Ans: The Rowlatt Act, enacted in 1919, gave the government the power to arrest and imprison individuals without trial. People protested against this unjust law.

Q8: What did Mahatma Gandhi do during the Non-cooperation Movement in 1920?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi led the Non-cooperation Movement in 1920, asking people not to cooperate with the British government, boycott schools, colleges, law courts, and use of British goods.

Q9: What event marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930?
Ans: The Dandi March, where Mahatma Gandhi broke the Salt Law by making salt from sea water, marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

Q10: Who coined the slogan "Delhi chalo" during the Quit India Movement in 1942?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi coined the slogan "Delhi chalo" during the Quit India Movement in 1942.

Long Answer Questions.

Q1: Explain the factors that led to the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Ans: The dissatisfaction with British policies and the realization that the British intended to keep the majority of Indians poor and backward led to the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. Educated Indians, with the support of Englishmen like O.A. Hume, came together to address the issues and fight for freedom.

Q2: Describe the impact of the 'Divide and Rule' policy on Indian unity.
Ans: The 'Divide and Rule' policy implemented by the British aimed to weaken the unity among Indians. The partition of Bengal in 1905, based on religious lines, was a significant outcome. This policy fueled communal tensions and hindered the collective strength of Indians in their fight for freedom.

Q3: Examine Mahatma Gandhi's role in the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920.
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi played a pivotal role in the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920. He urged Indians to non-violently resist British rule by boycotting government institutions, schools, colleges, law courts, and British goods. The movement marked a shift towards mass participation in the freedom struggle.

Q4: Discuss the significance of the Dandi March in the context of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Ans: The Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a symbolic act of breaking the Salt Law. It marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement, where thousands defied the law by making salt from sea water. The march aimed to protest against unjust British laws and encourage civil disobedience.

Q5: Explain the events leading to the Quit India Movement in 1942 and its impact.
Ans: The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8, 1942, urging the British to leave India. It was a response to British indifference to Indian demands. The movement faced ruthless suppression by the British, but it galvanized Indian masses and contributed significantly to the momentum towards independence.

Q6: Describe the role of Subhas Chandra Bose in the Indian freedom movement.
Ans: Subhas Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, was a key leader in the Indian freedom movement. He organized the Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauj to fight against British rule. His famous slogan "Give me blood, and I will give you freedom" reflects his commitment to India's independence.

Q7: Examine the impact of the Second World War on the Indian freedom movement.
Ans: The Second World War had a significant impact on the Indian freedom movement. The British government's decision to involve Indian troops without consulting Indian leaders led to discontent. Post-war, the demand for India's freedom became stronger, setting the stage for independence.

Q8: Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Khilafat Movement and its significance.
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement (1920), initiated by the Ali brothers, to unite Hindus and Muslims against the British. It was a non-violent protest against the unjust treatment of Turkey. This movement marked Gandhi's ability to connect different communities in the struggle for independence.

Q9: Explain the circumstances that led to the partition of Bengal in 1905 and its impact on Indian society.
Ans: The partition of Bengal in 1905 was announced by Lord Curzon to create divisions along religious lines and weaken the unity between Hindus and Muslims. It led to widespread protests and marked a strategy of 'Divide and Rule.' The impact was significant as it fueled communal tensions and hindered the collective strength of Indians.

Q10: Describe the role played by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in India's transition to independence.
Ans: Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India, Jawaharlal Nehru the first Prime Minister, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a crucial role in integrating princely states into the Indian Union. Their leadership was instrumental in guiding India through its initial years as an independent nation.