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# Points to Remember- Direct and Inverse Proportions Class 8 Notes | EduRev

## Class 8 Mathematics by Full Circle

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## Class 8 : Points to Remember- Direct and Inverse Proportions Class 8 Notes | EduRev

The document Points to Remember- Direct and Inverse Proportions Class 8 Notes | EduRev is a part of the Class 8 Course Class 8 Mathematics by Full Circle.
All you need of Class 8 at this link: Class 8

Points to Remember
• If two quantities x and y vary (change) together in such a manner that the ratio of their corresponding values remains constant, then x and y are said to be in direct proportion.
• If two quantities x and y vary (change) in such a manner that an increase in x causes a proportional decrease in y (and vice versa), then x and y are said to be inverse proportion.
• If x and y are in a direct proportion, then (x/y) = constant.
• If x and y are in an inverse variation, then xy = constant.

WE KNOW THAT
The value of a variable is not constant and keeps on changing. There are many quantities whose value varies as per the circumstances. Some quantities have a relation with other quantities such that when one changes the other also changes. Such quantities are inter-related. This is called a variation. Variation is of two types:
(i) Direct variation and (ii) Inverse variation.

DIRECT PROPORTION
If two quantities are related in such a way that an increase in one quantity leads a corresponding increase in the other and vice versa, then this is a case of direct variation. Also, a decrease in one quantity brings a corresponding decrease in the other.
Two quantities x and y are said to be in direct proportion, if
(x/y) = k or x = ky

Note:
I. In a direct proportion two quantities x and y vary with each other such that (x/y) remains constant.
II. (x/y) is always a positive number.
III. (x/y) or k is called the constant of variation.

Solved Examples
Q 1: Following are the car parking charges near an Airport up to
a. 2 hours Rs 60
b. 6 hours Rs 100
c. 12 hours Rs 14
d. 24 hours Rs 180
Check if the parking charges are in direct proportion to the parking time.
Solution:
We know that two quantities are in direct proportion if whenever the values of one quantity increase, then the value of another quantity increase in such a way that ratio of the quantities remains same. Here, the charges are not increasing in direct proportion to the parking time because of 2/60 ≠ 6/100 ≠ 12/140 ≠ 24/180

Q 2. y is directly proportional to x, and y = 24 when x = 4. What is the value of y when x = 3?
a. 18
b. 20
c. 23

d. 43

Solution: Step 1 Find the constant of proportionality:

y is directly proportional to x ⇒ y ∝ x ⇒ y = kx where k is the constant of proportionality.

But y = 24 when x = 4

⇒ 24 = k × 4

⇒ k = 6

Step 2 Write down the equation connecting y and x:

y = kx ⇒ y = 6x

Step 3 Substitute x = 3 into this equation to find the corresponding value of y:

When x = 3, y = 6 × 3 = 18

Q 3. The circumference (C cm) of a circle is directly proportional to its diameter (d cm). The circumference of a circle of diameter 3.5 cm is 11 cm. What is the circumference of a circle of diameter 4.2 cm?
a. 9.17 cm
b. 11.7 cm
c. 13.2 cm
d. 14 cm
Solution:
We are told C = 11 when d = 3.5
We need to find the value of C when d = 4.2

Step 1 Find the constant of proportionality:

C is directly proportional to d ⇒ C ∝ d ⇒ C = kd where k is the constant of proportionality.
But C = 11 when d = 3.5
⇒ 11 = k × 3.5
⇒ k = 11/3.5 = 22/7

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