Short Notes: Operators | Short Notes for Computer Science Engineering - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) PDF Download

 Page 1


OPERATORS
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical 
manipulations. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of 
operators:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Conditional operators
• Misc Operators
Arithmetic operator:
These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, 
division and modulus.
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator Description Example
+
Adds two operands A + B will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
*
Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
Page 2


OPERATORS
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical 
manipulations. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of 
operators:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Conditional operators
• Misc Operators
Arithmetic operator:
These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, 
division and modulus.
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator Description Example
+
Adds two operands A + B will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
*
Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
%
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer 
division
B % A will give 0
++
Increments operator increases integer value by one A++ will give 11
-- Decrements operator decreases integer value by one A-will give 9
Relational Operators:
These operators are used to compare the value of two variables.
Following table shows all the relational operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Operator Description Example
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes 
then condition becomes true.
(A == B) is not 
true.
!=
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if 
values are not equal then condition becomes true.
(A != B) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value 
of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A > B) is not 
true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of 
right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A < B) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to 
the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes 
true.
(A >= B) is not 
true.
<=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the 
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.
Logical Operators:
These operators are used to perform logical operations on the given two variables.
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
Page 3


OPERATORS
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical 
manipulations. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of 
operators:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Conditional operators
• Misc Operators
Arithmetic operator:
These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, 
division and modulus.
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator Description Example
+
Adds two operands A + B will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
*
Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
%
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer 
division
B % A will give 0
++
Increments operator increases integer value by one A++ will give 11
-- Decrements operator decreases integer value by one A-will give 9
Relational Operators:
These operators are used to compare the value of two variables.
Following table shows all the relational operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Operator Description Example
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes 
then condition becomes true.
(A == B) is not 
true.
!=
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if 
values are not equal then condition becomes true.
(A != B) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value 
of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A > B) is not 
true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of 
right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A < B) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to 
the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes 
true.
(A >= B) is not 
true.
<=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the 
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.
Logical Operators:
These operators are used to perform logical operations on the given two variables.
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
Operator Description Example
&&
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are 
nonzero, then condition becomes true.
(A && B) is 
false.
I I
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is 
non-zero, then condition becomes true.
(A || B) is true.
!
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical 
state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT 
operator will make false.
!(A && B) is 
true.
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Bitwise operators are used in bit 
level programming. These operators can operate upon int and char but not on float and double.
Showbits( ) function can be used to display the binary representation of any integer or character 
value.
Bit wise operators in C language are; & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ~ (bitwise OR), A (XOR), 
<< (left shift) and >> (right shift).
The truth tables for &, |, and a are as follows:
p q p & q p | q p A q
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
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OPERATORS
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical 
manipulations. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of 
operators:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Conditional operators
• Misc Operators
Arithmetic operator:
These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, 
division and modulus.
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator Description Example
+
Adds two operands A + B will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
*
Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
%
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer 
division
B % A will give 0
++
Increments operator increases integer value by one A++ will give 11
-- Decrements operator decreases integer value by one A-will give 9
Relational Operators:
These operators are used to compare the value of two variables.
Following table shows all the relational operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Operator Description Example
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes 
then condition becomes true.
(A == B) is not 
true.
!=
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if 
values are not equal then condition becomes true.
(A != B) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value 
of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A > B) is not 
true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of 
right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A < B) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to 
the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes 
true.
(A >= B) is not 
true.
<=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the 
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.
Logical Operators:
These operators are used to perform logical operations on the given two variables.
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
Operator Description Example
&&
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are 
nonzero, then condition becomes true.
(A && B) is 
false.
I I
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is 
non-zero, then condition becomes true.
(A || B) is true.
!
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical 
state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT 
operator will make false.
!(A && B) is 
true.
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Bitwise operators are used in bit 
level programming. These operators can operate upon int and char but not on float and double.
Showbits( ) function can be used to display the binary representation of any integer or character 
value.
Bit wise operators in C language are; & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ~ (bitwise OR), A (XOR), 
<< (left shift) and >> (right shift).
The truth tables for &, |, and a are as follows:
p q p & q p | q p A q
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
The Bitwise operators supported by C language are explained in the following table. Assume 
variable A holds 60 (00111100) and variable B holds 13 (00001101), then:
Operator Description Example
& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it 
exists in both operands.
(A & B) will give 12, 
which is 0000 1100
|
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either 
operand.
(A | B) will give 61, 
which is 0011 1101
A
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in 
one operand but not both.
(A a B) will give 49, 
which is 0011 0001
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has 
the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.
(~A ) will give -61, which 
is 1100 0011 in 2’s 
complement form.
<<
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value 
is moved left by the number of bits specified by the 
right operand.
A << 2 will give 240 
which is 1111 0000
>>
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands 
value is moved right by the number of bits specified 
by the right operand.
A >> 2 will give 15 
which is 0000 1111
Assignment Operators:
In C programs, values for the variables are assigned using assignment operators.
There are following assignment operators supported by C language:
Operator Description Example
Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side 
operands to left side operand
C = A + B will 
assign value of A + 
B into C
+=
Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the 
left operand and assign the result to left operand
C += A is 
equivalent to C = C
+ A
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OPERATORS
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical 
manipulations. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of 
operators:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Conditional operators
• Misc Operators
Arithmetic operator:
These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, 
division and modulus.
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator Description Example
+
Adds two operands A + B will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
*
Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
%
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer 
division
B % A will give 0
++
Increments operator increases integer value by one A++ will give 11
-- Decrements operator decreases integer value by one A-will give 9
Relational Operators:
These operators are used to compare the value of two variables.
Following table shows all the relational operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Operator Description Example
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes 
then condition becomes true.
(A == B) is not 
true.
!=
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if 
values are not equal then condition becomes true.
(A != B) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value 
of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A > B) is not 
true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of 
right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A < B) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to 
the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes 
true.
(A >= B) is not 
true.
<=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the 
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.
Logical Operators:
These operators are used to perform logical operations on the given two variables.
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by C language. Assume variable A 
holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
Operator Description Example
&&
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are 
nonzero, then condition becomes true.
(A && B) is 
false.
I I
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is 
non-zero, then condition becomes true.
(A || B) is true.
!
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical 
state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT 
operator will make false.
!(A && B) is 
true.
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Bitwise operators are used in bit 
level programming. These operators can operate upon int and char but not on float and double.
Showbits( ) function can be used to display the binary representation of any integer or character 
value.
Bit wise operators in C language are; & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ~ (bitwise OR), A (XOR), 
<< (left shift) and >> (right shift).
The truth tables for &, |, and a are as follows:
p q p & q p | q p A q
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
The Bitwise operators supported by C language are explained in the following table. Assume 
variable A holds 60 (00111100) and variable B holds 13 (00001101), then:
Operator Description Example
& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it 
exists in both operands.
(A & B) will give 12, 
which is 0000 1100
|
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either 
operand.
(A | B) will give 61, 
which is 0011 1101
A
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in 
one operand but not both.
(A a B) will give 49, 
which is 0011 0001
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has 
the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.
(~A ) will give -61, which 
is 1100 0011 in 2’s 
complement form.
<<
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value 
is moved left by the number of bits specified by the 
right operand.
A << 2 will give 240 
which is 1111 0000
>>
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands 
value is moved right by the number of bits specified 
by the right operand.
A >> 2 will give 15 
which is 0000 1111
Assignment Operators:
In C programs, values for the variables are assigned using assignment operators.
There are following assignment operators supported by C language:
Operator Description Example
Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side 
operands to left side operand
C = A + B will 
assign value of A + 
B into C
+=
Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the 
left operand and assign the result to left operand
C += A is 
equivalent to C = C
+ A
Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right 
operand from the left operand and assign the result to left 
operand
C -= A is
equivalent to C = C
- A
*=
Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right 
operand with the left operand and assign the result to left 
operand
C *= A is
equivalent to C = C
* A
/= Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand 
with the right operand and assign the result to left operand
C /= A is
equivalent to C = C
/ A
%= Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using 
two operands and assign the result to left operand
C %= A is 
equivalent to C = C 
% A
<<=
Left shift AND assignment operator C <<= 2 is same as 
C = C << 2
>>=
Right shift AND assignment operator C >>= 2 is same as 
C = C >> 2
&= Bitwise AND assignment operator C &= 2 is same as 
C = C & 2
A =
bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator C A = 2 is same as C 
= C a 2
|=
bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator C |= 2 is same as C 
= C | 2