Short Notes: Types of Buildings | Short Notes for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
CHAPTER – 9 
TYPES OF BUILDINGS 
 
9.1      Classification: 
According National Building code of India, 1970 the 
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following 
groups 
GROUP A: Residential buildings:  
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for 
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or 
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building 
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses, 
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc 
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups 
A1 - Lodging Houses 
A2 - Family Private Dwellings 
A3 - Dormitories 
A4 - Flats 
A5 - Hotels 
GROUP B: Educational buildings:  
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to 
university are included in this group 
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc 
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for 
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, 
Page 2


 
CHAPTER – 9 
TYPES OF BUILDINGS 
 
9.1      Classification: 
According National Building code of India, 1970 the 
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following 
groups 
GROUP A: Residential buildings:  
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for 
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or 
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building 
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses, 
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc 
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups 
A1 - Lodging Houses 
A2 - Family Private Dwellings 
A3 - Dormitories 
A4 - Flats 
A5 - Hotels 
GROUP B: Educational buildings:  
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to 
university are included in this group 
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc 
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for 
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, 
Types of Buildings                                                                    
  
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel 
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping 
accommodation for the occupants.  
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups 
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social, 
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema 
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance 
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services, 
open air theatres, swimming pools etc. 
GROUP E- Business Buildings:  
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used 
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and 
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls, 
libraries etc.  
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used 
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves 
either whole sale or retail. 
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in 
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated, 
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants, 
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc. 
GROUP H – Storage Building: 
This group includes those building structures which are primarily 
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the 
Page 3


 
CHAPTER – 9 
TYPES OF BUILDINGS 
 
9.1      Classification: 
According National Building code of India, 1970 the 
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following 
groups 
GROUP A: Residential buildings:  
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for 
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or 
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building 
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses, 
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc 
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups 
A1 - Lodging Houses 
A2 - Family Private Dwellings 
A3 - Dormitories 
A4 - Flats 
A5 - Hotels 
GROUP B: Educational buildings:  
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to 
university are included in this group 
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc 
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for 
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, 
Types of Buildings                                                                    
  
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel 
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping 
accommodation for the occupants.  
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups 
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social, 
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema 
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance 
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services, 
open air theatres, swimming pools etc. 
GROUP E- Business Buildings:  
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used 
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and 
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls, 
libraries etc.  
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used 
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves 
either whole sale or retail. 
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in 
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated, 
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants, 
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc. 
GROUP H – Storage Building: 
This group includes those building structures which are primarily 
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the 
 
storage or sheltering of goods, waves or merchandise vehicles or 
animals, for example warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store 
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc. 
GROUP J – Hazardous Building:  
This group includes those building structures which are used for the 
storage, handling, manufacture or processing of materials which are 
liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazards to health; 
building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire; poisonous 
fumes or gases, explosions, ignitions etc from materials subjected to 
various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high 
pressure or for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or 
explosives, fireworks etc are included in this group. 
 
9.2 Component parts of building  
 The building basically consists of three parts namely, 
1) Foundation 
2) Plinth and 
3) Super structure as shown in the fig 9.1 
Page 4


 
CHAPTER – 9 
TYPES OF BUILDINGS 
 
9.1      Classification: 
According National Building code of India, 1970 the 
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following 
groups 
GROUP A: Residential buildings:  
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for 
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or 
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building 
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses, 
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc 
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups 
A1 - Lodging Houses 
A2 - Family Private Dwellings 
A3 - Dormitories 
A4 - Flats 
A5 - Hotels 
GROUP B: Educational buildings:  
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to 
university are included in this group 
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc 
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for 
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, 
Types of Buildings                                                                    
  
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel 
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping 
accommodation for the occupants.  
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups 
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social, 
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema 
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance 
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services, 
open air theatres, swimming pools etc. 
GROUP E- Business Buildings:  
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used 
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and 
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls, 
libraries etc.  
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used 
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves 
either whole sale or retail. 
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in 
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated, 
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants, 
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc. 
GROUP H – Storage Building: 
This group includes those building structures which are primarily 
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the 
 
storage or sheltering of goods, waves or merchandise vehicles or 
animals, for example warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store 
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc. 
GROUP J – Hazardous Building:  
This group includes those building structures which are used for the 
storage, handling, manufacture or processing of materials which are 
liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazards to health; 
building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire; poisonous 
fumes or gases, explosions, ignitions etc from materials subjected to 
various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high 
pressure or for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or 
explosives, fireworks etc are included in this group. 
 
9.2 Component parts of building  
 The building basically consists of three parts namely, 
1) Foundation 
2) Plinth and 
3) Super structure as shown in the fig 9.1 
Types of Buildings                                                                 
  
 
Fig 9.1 Component parts of building 
i) Foundation: It is the lowest artificially prepared part 
below the surface of the surrounding ground which is 
indirect contact with sub-strata and transmits all the loads 
to the ground (or sub-soil) 
ii) Plinth: It is the middle part of the structure, above the 
surface of the surrounding ground up to the surface of the 
floor immediately above the ground. Its function in the 
building is same as of sub-structure in the case of the 
bridge.  
iii) Super structure: It is that part of the structure which is 
constructed above the plinth level (i.e., ) ground level 
       
Page 5


 
CHAPTER – 9 
TYPES OF BUILDINGS 
 
9.1      Classification: 
According National Building code of India, 1970 the 
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following 
groups 
GROUP A: Residential buildings:  
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for 
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or 
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building 
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses, 
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc 
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups 
A1 - Lodging Houses 
A2 - Family Private Dwellings 
A3 - Dormitories 
A4 - Flats 
A5 - Hotels 
GROUP B: Educational buildings:  
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to 
university are included in this group 
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc 
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for 
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, 
Types of Buildings                                                                    
  
physical or mental diseases, care of infants or aged persons, panel 
detention etc. These buildings normally provide sleeping 
accommodation for the occupants.  
GROUP D: Assembly Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part or a building where groups 
of people assemble or gather for amusement; recreation, social, 
religious, patriotic or similar purpose for example theatres, cinema 
halls, museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance 
halls, club rooms, passenger stations, public transportation services, 
open air theatres, swimming pools etc. 
GROUP E- Business Buildings:  
This group includes any building or part or a building which is used 
for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and 
records etc; dispensaries and clinics, banks, city halls, court halls, 
libraries etc.  
GROUP F – Mercantile Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building which is used 
for shops, stores, market, for safe and display of products or waves 
either whole sale or retail. 
GROUP G – Industrial Buildings: 
This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in 
which product of different kinds and properties are fabricated, 
assembled or processed. For example, laboratories, assembly plants, 
laundries, gas plants, power plants, refineries, diaries etc. 
GROUP H – Storage Building: 
This group includes those building structures which are primarily 
used for the storage structures which are primarily used for the 
 
storage or sheltering of goods, waves or merchandise vehicles or 
animals, for example warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, store 
houses, transit sheds, truck terminals, garages etc. 
GROUP J – Hazardous Building:  
This group includes those building structures which are used for the 
storage, handling, manufacture or processing of materials which are 
liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazards to health; 
building or building contents. Hazards may be due to fire; poisonous 
fumes or gases, explosions, ignitions etc from materials subjected to 
various operations. Buildings used for storage of gases under high 
pressure or for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or 
explosives, fireworks etc are included in this group. 
 
9.2 Component parts of building  
 The building basically consists of three parts namely, 
1) Foundation 
2) Plinth and 
3) Super structure as shown in the fig 9.1 
Types of Buildings                                                                 
  
 
Fig 9.1 Component parts of building 
i) Foundation: It is the lowest artificially prepared part 
below the surface of the surrounding ground which is 
indirect contact with sub-strata and transmits all the loads 
to the ground (or sub-soil) 
ii) Plinth: It is the middle part of the structure, above the 
surface of the surrounding ground up to the surface of the 
floor immediately above the ground. Its function in the 
building is same as of sub-structure in the case of the 
bridge.  
iii) Super structure: It is that part of the structure which is 
constructed above the plinth level (i.e., ) ground level 
       
 
A building in general made of the following structural components 
1. Foundation 
2. Plinth 
3. Walls and piers in super structure 
4. Ground, basement and upper floors 
5. Doors and windows 
6. Sills, Lintels and weather shades 
7. Roofs 
8. Steps and stairs 
9. Finishes for walls 
10.Utility fixtures 
Each of these components is an essential part of a building and 
requires due consideration in design and construction for their functional 
performance. The basic functional requirements of these components 
discusses in the following paragraphs. 
1. Foundations:  
The foundation is the most critical part of any structure and most 
of the failure is probably due to faulty foundations rather than any other 
cause. The purpose of foundation is to transmit the anticipated loads 
safety to the soil 
Basic requirements: 
1. To distribute the total load coming on the structure over a large 
bearing area so as to prevent it from any movement. 
2. To load the bearing surface or area at a uniform rate so as to 
prevent any unequal or relative settlement. 
3. To prevent the lateral movement of the structure