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Short and Long Questions with answers, Doping, Physical education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum PDF Download

Short Answer Questions (1 Mark each)

Q.1. What do you mean by doping?
Ans. Doping means the use of banned substances like drugs and steroids by a sportsperson to improve his performance.DopingDopingQ.2. How many types of doping are there?
Ans. There are three types of doping:

  • use of drugs
  • Blood doping
  • Gene doping
Q.3. What is out-of-competition testing?
Ans. This is the testing when the athlete is not taking part in a competition.


Q.4. What do you mean by narcotics?
Ans. 
Narcotics are drugs like morphine, heroin which are used by an athlete to reduce pain and anxiety to improve sports performance.

Short Answer Question (3 Marks)

Q.1. Make a list of performance-enhancing substances and describe any two?
Ans. 

Short and Long Questions with answers, Doping, Physical education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum

1. Stimulants: The athlete uses cocaine, amphetamines, Modafinil etc. as a tablet, injection or sprays to improve his level and performance in sports. It reduces the reaction time and the rate of fatigue of the athlete. 
2. Anabolic steroids: The athlete uses these substances to improve the strength and growing of the muscles. These are taken orally or by injection to enhance their performance in sports.


Q.2. Explain the blood doping?

Ans. It is the process of increasing the red blood cells by blood transfusion. Blood doping increases haemoglobin level due to which higher amount of oxygen (O2) is supplied to the athlete's muscles, which further leads to strengthening and growing of muscles blood doping improves stamina and performance, especially it is done by long-distance running. Cyclist and boxers etc.


Q.3. How does Beta-Blockers affect the sports performance.
Ans.

Beta blockerBeta blockerEffects of Beta-Blockers in sports performance are as follows:

  • Reduction in Blood pressure and heart rate
  • Reduce shaking of hands.
  • It reduces the level of anxiety
  • It improves concentration

Use of Beta-Blockers are prohibited in sports like archery, shooting, and golf etc.


Q.4. What is the main objective of international body WADA?
Ans. 
The main objective of WADA is to eliminate doping from all kinds of sports competitions.


Q.5. Give any two responsibility of an athlete to control doping?
Ans.

  • To be knowledgeable of and comply with all applicable anti-doping policies and rules.
  • To be available for sample collection at all times.
  • To remain in direct observation of doping control officer until the sample is sealed.
  • To co-operate with an athlete during the doping test programme.
  • The athlete must show proof of identification whenever needed.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks) 

Q.1. Explain in detail the side effects of the use of the banned or prohibited substance is sports.
Ans. 
The athletes use different types of banned substances to

Banned substancesBanned substances

1. Stimulants

  • Cause insomnia, anxiety, and aggressiveness
  • Poor Judgement
  • Increases hypertension and body temperature

2. Anabolic steroid 

  • Can cause Sudden heart attack
  • High blood pressure
  • Mood swings, aggression/depression
  • Can cause impotency and baldness in males
  • Can cause facial hair growth and deep voice in females

3. Cannabinoids

  • Reduce concentration and co-ordination
  • Reduce lung capacity
  • May cause heart disease and lung cancer
  • Loss of memory

4. Beta-Blockers

  • Reduces endurance
  • A headache and weak digestion.
  • Risk of a heart attack due to a slow heart rate.

5. NarcoticsShort and Long Questions with answers, Doping, Physical education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT CurriculumFig: Narcotics

  • Loss of balance and coordination
  • May cause drowsiness, vomiting, constipation
  • May cause fainting and coma

6. Diuretics

  • Can cause dehydration
  • May lead to kidney damage
  • Mineral imbalance and low blood pressure and drowsiness

7. Beta-2 Agonists

  • Cold hands, drowsiness
  • A headache, vomiting etc.
  • May cause insomnia and depression.
Q.2. What are the side effects of prohibited substances?
Ans.
  • Increased heart rate and Blood pressure
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Features like a male in females
  • Physical and mental weakness
  • Complications like stroke, cardiac problems, and even death
  • Breast enlargement in males
  • Premature baldness
  • Enlargement of the prostate gland
  • Irregularity in menstruation
  • The problem of depression & aggression

Q.3. What are the physical methods of doping? Define methods prohibited in sports.
Ans.

       Short and Long Questions with answers, Doping, Physical education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum

Short and Long Questions with answers, Doping, Physical education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum

  • Blood Doping: Blood doping is a method to increase the count of red blood cells, which is done by the use of wrong banned substances. There are two methods under this:
    (a) Autologous blood doping: Two units of blood are taken some weeks prior to competition. Then the blood is frozen until one or two days before the competition when it is injected into the athlete. This is called autologous blood doping.
    (b) Homologous blood doping: The injection of fresh blood, taken from a second person, straight into the athlete is called homologous blood doping. This improves the oxygen-carrying capacity to the muscles by increasing the count of red blood cells (RBC) so the muscle endurance is increased which improves the aerobic capacity and sports performance.
  • Gene Doping: Gene doping is the manipulation of cells or genes to enhance the body's sports performance. It can be used to improve the work function of normal healthy cells. Gene therapy plays an important role in the growth and development of muscles and bones. It also speeds up the person to repair of the injured muscle tendons and ligaments.
  • Chemical and Physical Manipulation: Any tampering with the samples during doping control during or after any competition is prohibited.
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FAQs on Short and Long Questions with answers, Doping, Physical education - Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum

1. What is doping in sports?
Ans. Doping refers to the use of prohibited drugs or methods by athletes to enhance their performance. It is considered cheating and against the ethics of fair play in sports.
2. What are the consequences of doping?
Ans. Doping can lead to serious health consequences such as organ damage, infertility, and increased risk of cancer. Athletes who are caught doping can face disqualification, suspension, and even loss of medals and titles.
3. How do sports organizations detect doping?
Ans. Sports organizations use various methods to detect doping such as urine and blood tests, biological passports, and targeted testing based on intelligence and suspicious behavior. They also rely on whistleblowers and investigations to uncover doping practices.
4. What is the role of physical education in preventing doping?
Ans. Physical education plays a crucial role in promoting fair play and ethical behavior in sports. It teaches athletes about the risks and consequences of doping, and emphasizes the importance of honesty, integrity, and respect for rules and opponents.
5. How can we raise awareness about the dangers of doping?
Ans. We can raise awareness about the dangers of doping through education campaigns, media coverage, and public events. Athletes, coaches, and sports organizations can also play a role in promoting clean sports and encouraging a culture of integrity and fair play.
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