Software | IGCSE Information and Communication Technology Preparation - Year 11 PDF Download

Software

• Software refers to programs that control the operation of a computer or the processing of electronic data.

Application Software

• Application software fulfills specific user needs and tasks, such as creating documents, editing images, or playing games.
• Examples:
  • Word processing: Engaging in the creation and modification of text documents.
  • Spreadsheet: Structuring and analyzing data within a grid format.
  • Database management systems: Storing, retrieving, and administering data within databases.
  • Control/measurement: Utilizing sensors for measurement and regulation within a system.
  • Applets and apps: Specialized software tailored for particular tasks.
  • Video editing: Crafting and altering video files.
  • Graphics editing: Generating and refining images.
  • Audio editing: Producing and refining sound files.
  • Computer Aided Design (CAD): Crafting and modeling objects in either two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.

System Software Overview

• System software provides essential services for a computer to function properly.
• Examples of system software:
  • Compilers: These programs translate human-readable code into machine-readable instructions. For instance, converting a line of Java code into a series of 0s and 1s that the computer can execute.
  • Linkers: Linkers take various pieces of code and merge them into a single executable program. Think of it as assembling different parts of a jigsaw puzzle into one coherent picture.
  • Device drivers: These software components enable communication between the operating system and hardware devices like printers or graphics cards. They act as intermediaries facilitating smooth interaction.
  • Operating systems: The core software that manages all hardware and software resources of a computer. Windows, macOS, and Linux are examples of operating systems that provide a user-friendly interface and ensure smooth operation of the machine.
  • Utilities: Utility software includes programs like disk cleaners, antivirus software, and system optimizers. These tools help in enhancing the performance and efficiency of a computer system.

Operating Systems

An Operating System serves as a crucial bridge for users to interact with computers. It offers various types of user interfaces, including:

•  Command Line Interface (CLI):
  • A text-based interface where users input commands to execute tasks, necessitating familiarity with command syntax.
•  Graphical User Interface (GUI) :
  • A visually intuitive interface featuring icons, windows, and menus for user interaction via mouse and keyboard.
  • Particularly beneficial for novices due to its user-friendly nature and ease of learning.
• Dialogue-based Interface:
  • Users engage with the system through textual or vocal communication, with the system responding appropriately.
• Gesture-based Interface:
  • Users interact with the system through physical gestures, requiring sensors or cameras for movement detection.

Differences between types of interface

• Command Line Interface (CLI) presents a more challenging learning curve in contrast to Graphical User Interface (GUI).
• Graphical User Interface (GUI) demands more system resources compared to Command Line Interface (CLI).
• Dialogue-based and gesture-based interfaces facilitate interactions that feel more natural and intuitive.

Advantages & Disadvantages