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States of Matter | Physics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

Properties of Solids, Liquids & Gases

The Three States of Matter

States of Matter | Physics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

Solids

  • Solids have a definite shape and volume, meaning they maintain their shape and size under normal conditions. 
  • They cannot flow and are not compressible.

Liquids

  • Liquids do not have a definite shape but have a definite volume, adapting to the shape of their container. 
  • They can flow and take the shape of the container, but they cannot be compressed.

Gases

  • Gases have neither a definite shape nor volume. 
  • They expand to fill the available space and are highly compressible.

Changes of State

When a substance undergoes a change of state, the number of molecules remains constant, preserving the mass. The primary factor that changes during a state transition is the energy of the substance. These changes are reversible.

  • During a change of state, the energy of the substance is altered.
  • Changes of state are considered physical changes since they can be reversed.

Melting & Freezing

  • Melting is the process in which a solid transitions into a liquid state. For example, when ice melts into water.
  • Freezing occurs when a liquid transforms into a solid form.

Boiling and Condensing

  • Boiling is the process in which a liquid transforms into a gas, also known as evaporating.
  • Condensing is when a gas changes into a liquid.

States of Matter | Physics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

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Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
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