Chemistry > Inorganic Chemistry > Structure of Electron Deficient Compounds involving Main Group Elements
Structure of Electron Deficient Compounds involving Main Group Elements - Inorganic Chemistry
What are electron deficient compounds explain with example?
Electrons plays a significant role in the formation of a compound. Electron rich and electron-deficient both have variant roles. Let us know about electron-deficient compounds.
➤ Definition- Electron deficient
An electron-deficient compound is one in which there is an insufficient number of electrons to complete the octet of the central atom. These compounds contain insufficient numbers of electrons to form normal electron-pair bonds between each pair of bonded atoms.
➤ Examples
The compounds containing less than 8 electrons in the valence shells are called electron-deficient compounds such as B2F6, Al2Cl6, etc. On the other hand, the compounds containing more than 8 electrons in the valence shells may be called electron surplus compounds example, SF6, O8F8, etc.
➤ Boron family as an example
For example, boron which has electronic configuration [He], 2s22p1 forms compounds which are described as electron-deficient compounds.
- Boron has only three valence electrons but has four available orbitals and to accommodate these electrons.
- Other members of the boron family namely aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium show a tendency to lose their valence electrons to form ionic M3+ species in their compounds.
Question for Structure of Electron Deficient Compounds involving Main Group ElementsTry yourself:Which of the following pair has electron deficient compounds? View Solution
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| 1. What are electron deficient compounds involving main group elements? |  |
Ans. Electron deficient compounds involving main group elements are chemical compounds where the central atom or ion has fewer electrons than required for a stable octet configuration. These compounds typically contain elements from groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table, such as boron, aluminum, and silicon.
| 2. How do electron deficient compounds form? | |
Ans. Electron deficient compounds usually form through the acceptance of electron pairs from electron-rich species. This can occur through reactions with Lewis bases, which donate electron pairs to the central atom or ion, allowing it to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
| 3. What are some examples of electron deficient compounds involving main group elements? | |
Ans. Some examples of electron deficient compounds involving main group elements include boron trifluoride (BF3), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4). These compounds have incomplete octets around the central atom and are electron acceptors.
| 4. What are the properties of electron deficient compounds? | |
Ans. Electron deficient compounds tend to have high reactivity due to their electron-deficient nature. They can act as Lewis acids, readily accepting electron pairs from Lewis bases. They often have low boiling points and are volatile. Additionally, they can be strong oxidizing agents.
| 5. What are the applications of electron deficient compounds involving main group elements? | |
Ans. Electron deficient compounds find various applications in organic synthesis, catalysis, and materials science. For example, boron trifluoride is used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic reactions, while aluminum chloride is employed in Friedel-Crafts reactions. These compounds also have uses in the semiconductor industry for the deposition of thin films.
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