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Supreme Court of India | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams PDF Download
Introduction
- The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review.
- It started functioning on Jan 28,1950.Its predecessor was the Federal court of India, which was created as per the Government of India Act 1935.
- Part V (Articles 124-147)of the Constitution deals with the Organisation, Jurisdiction and Powers of the Supreme Court.
- Originally,the Strength of supreme court was 1 Chief Justice & 7 other Judges.
- At Present,1 Chief Justice of India and 30 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
Qualification for the Judge of Supreme Court:
- Should be a Citizen of India.
- Should have been a judge of high court for 5 years or an advocate of high court for 10 years.
- Should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of President.
Appointment:
- The Chief Justice of India & judges of Supreme court are appointed by President.
Tenure:
- Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65.
- He can resign his office by writing to the President.
- He can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of Parliament.
Salary:
- chief justice of supreme court : Rs. 2,80,000
- Supreme Court : Rs. 2,50,000
List of Articles and their details:
Sr. No. | Article | Details |
1 | Article 124 | Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court |
2 | Article 125 | Salaries of Judges. |
3 | Article 126 | Appointment of acting Chief Justice. |
4 | Article 127 | Appointment of ad hoc judges. |
5 | Article 128 | Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. |
6 | Article 129 | Supreme Court to be a court of record. |
7 | Article 130 | Seat of Supreme Court. |
8 | Article 131 | Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. |
9 | Article 132 | Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases. |
10 | Article 133 | Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters. |
11 | Article 134 | Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters. |
12 | Article 134 A | Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. |
13 | Article 135 | Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. |
14 | Article 136 | Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court . |
15 | Article 137 | Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. |
16 | Article 138 | Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. |
17 | Article 139 | Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. |
18 | Article 139 A | Transfer of certain cases. |
19 | Article 140 | Ancillary powers of Supreme Court. |
20 | Article 141 | Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts. |
21 | Article 142 | Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. |
22 | Article 143 | Power of President to consult Supreme Court. |
23 | Article 144 | Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court . |
24 | Article 144 A | Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws (Repealed). |
25 | Article 145 | Rules of court. |
26 | Article 146 | Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. |
27 | Article 147 | Interpretation. |
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FAQs on Supreme Court of India - General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams
| 1. What is the role of the Supreme Court of India? |  |
Ans. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country. It serves as the final court of appeal and has the power of judicial review. Its main role is to interpret and enforce the Constitution, protect the fundamental rights of citizens, and uphold the rule of law.
| 2. How many judges are there in the Supreme Court of India? | |
Ans. The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice and a maximum of 33 judges. However, currently, the sanctioned strength of judges is 34, including the Chief Justice, but there are vacancies in some positions.
| 3. How are the judges of the Supreme Court of India appointed? | |
Ans. The judges of the Supreme Court of India are appointed by the President of India. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President in consultation with the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. The other judges are appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court.
| 4. Can the decisions of the Supreme Court of India be challenged or appealed? | |
Ans. The decisions of the Supreme Court of India are final and binding on all courts within the territory of India. However, in exceptional cases, if there is a need to review or reconsider a judgment, the Supreme Court itself has the power to do so through a review petition. Apart from that, a curative petition can also be filed in certain circumstances.
| 5. How does the Supreme Court of India contribute to protecting fundamental rights? | |
Ans. The Supreme Court of India plays a crucial role in safeguarding fundamental rights. It has the power of judicial review, which allows it to examine the constitutionality of laws and government actions. If any law or action is found to be infringing upon the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution, the Supreme Court can strike it down and provide relief to the affected parties. This ensures the protection and enforcement of fundamental rights for all citizens.
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