Syllabus for PGT - Geography | AWES PGT Mock Test Series 2024 - AWES TGT/PGT PDF Download

 Page 1


Syllabus for the post of PGT  – Geography 
Geography as a Discipline 
• Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes
• Branches of Geography: Physical Geography and Human Geography
The Earth 
• Origin and evolution of the earth
• Interior of the earth Earthquakes and volcanoes: causes, types and effects
• Distribution of oceans and continents : Wegener's continental drift theory and plate tectonics
Landforms 
• Geomorphic processes: weathering; mass wasting; erosion and deposition; soil-
formation
• Landforms and their evolution- Brief erosional and depositional features
Climate 
• Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and climate
• Solar Radiation-Insolation-angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth- 
heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation and
advection); temperature- factors controlling temperature; distribution of temperature-
horizontal and vertical; inversion of temperature
• Atmospheric circulation and weather systems - Pressure-pressure belts; winds-planetary,
seasonal and local; air masses and fronts; tropical and extra tropical cyclones
• Water in the atmosphere-Precipitation- evaporation; condensation-dew, frost, fog, mist and
cloud; rainfall-types and world distribution
• World Climate and Global Concerns
Water (Oceans) 
• Basics of Oceanography
• Oceans - distribution of temperature and salinity
• Movements of ocean water-waves, tides and currents; submarine reliefs
Life on the Earth 
• Biosphere - importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity and conservation
India-Physical Environment 
• India : Location, space relations, India's place in the world
Physiography 
• Structure and Relief; Physiographic Divisions
• Drainage systems: Concept of river basins, watershed; the Himalayan and the Peninsular
rivers
Climate, Vegetation and Soil 
• Weather and climate - spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, Indian monsoon:
mechanism, onset and withdrawal
• Natural vegetation-forest types and distribution; wild life; conservation; biosphere reserves
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes XI & 
XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of these 
concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
30
Page 2


Syllabus for the post of PGT  – Geography 
Geography as a Discipline 
• Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes
• Branches of Geography: Physical Geography and Human Geography
The Earth 
• Origin and evolution of the earth
• Interior of the earth Earthquakes and volcanoes: causes, types and effects
• Distribution of oceans and continents : Wegener's continental drift theory and plate tectonics
Landforms 
• Geomorphic processes: weathering; mass wasting; erosion and deposition; soil-
formation
• Landforms and their evolution- Brief erosional and depositional features
Climate 
• Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and climate
• Solar Radiation-Insolation-angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth- 
heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation and
advection); temperature- factors controlling temperature; distribution of temperature-
horizontal and vertical; inversion of temperature
• Atmospheric circulation and weather systems - Pressure-pressure belts; winds-planetary,
seasonal and local; air masses and fronts; tropical and extra tropical cyclones
• Water in the atmosphere-Precipitation- evaporation; condensation-dew, frost, fog, mist and
cloud; rainfall-types and world distribution
• World Climate and Global Concerns
Water (Oceans) 
• Basics of Oceanography
• Oceans - distribution of temperature and salinity
• Movements of ocean water-waves, tides and currents; submarine reliefs
Life on the Earth 
• Biosphere - importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity and conservation
India-Physical Environment 
• India : Location, space relations, India's place in the world
Physiography 
• Structure and Relief; Physiographic Divisions
• Drainage systems: Concept of river basins, watershed; the Himalayan and the Peninsular
rivers
Climate, Vegetation and Soil 
• Weather and climate - spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, Indian monsoon:
mechanism, onset and withdrawal
• Natural vegetation-forest types and distribution; wild life; conservation; biosphere reserves
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes XI & 
XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of these 
concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
30
Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Management 
• Floods, Cloudbursts
• Droughts: types and impact
• Earthquakes and Tsunami Cyclones: features and impact
• Landslides
Fundamentals of Maps 
• Geo spatial data, Concept of Geographical data matrix; Point, line, area data
• Maps - types; scales-types; construction of simple linear scale, measuring distance; finding
direction and use of symbols
• Map projection- Latitude, longitude and time, typology, construction and properties of
projection: Conical with one standard parallel and Mercator's projection.
Topographic and Weather Maps 
• Study of topographic maps (1 : 50,000 or 1 : 25,000 Survey of India maps); contour cross
section and identification of landforms-slopes, hills, valleys, waterfall, cliffs; distribution of
settlements
• Satellite imageries, stages in remote sensing data- acquisition, platform and sensors and data
products, (photographic and digital)
People 
• The World Population- distribution, density and growth
• Population change - Components of population change, Demographic Transition
• Human development-concept; selected indicators, international comparisons 
• Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of population - linguistic,
religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population
Human Activities 
• Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence
agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some
examples from selected countries
• Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types - household, small scale, large scale; agro
based and mineral based industries;
• Tertiary activities - concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary
activities
• Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from
selected countries
Human Settlements 
• Rural settlements - types and distribution
• Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional classification
Transport, Communication and Trade 
• Land transport - roads, railways; trans- continental railways Water transport- inland
waterways; major ocean routes
• Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines
• Satellite communication and cyber space- importance and usage for geographical
information; use of GPS
• International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade;
role of WTO in international trade
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Page 3


Syllabus for the post of PGT  – Geography 
Geography as a Discipline 
• Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes
• Branches of Geography: Physical Geography and Human Geography
The Earth 
• Origin and evolution of the earth
• Interior of the earth Earthquakes and volcanoes: causes, types and effects
• Distribution of oceans and continents : Wegener's continental drift theory and plate tectonics
Landforms 
• Geomorphic processes: weathering; mass wasting; erosion and deposition; soil-
formation
• Landforms and their evolution- Brief erosional and depositional features
Climate 
• Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and climate
• Solar Radiation-Insolation-angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth- 
heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation and
advection); temperature- factors controlling temperature; distribution of temperature-
horizontal and vertical; inversion of temperature
• Atmospheric circulation and weather systems - Pressure-pressure belts; winds-planetary,
seasonal and local; air masses and fronts; tropical and extra tropical cyclones
• Water in the atmosphere-Precipitation- evaporation; condensation-dew, frost, fog, mist and
cloud; rainfall-types and world distribution
• World Climate and Global Concerns
Water (Oceans) 
• Basics of Oceanography
• Oceans - distribution of temperature and salinity
• Movements of ocean water-waves, tides and currents; submarine reliefs
Life on the Earth 
• Biosphere - importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity and conservation
India-Physical Environment 
• India : Location, space relations, India's place in the world
Physiography 
• Structure and Relief; Physiographic Divisions
• Drainage systems: Concept of river basins, watershed; the Himalayan and the Peninsular
rivers
Climate, Vegetation and Soil 
• Weather and climate - spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, Indian monsoon:
mechanism, onset and withdrawal
• Natural vegetation-forest types and distribution; wild life; conservation; biosphere reserves
Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes XI & 
XII), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of these 
concepts at the level of Post- Graduation. 
30
Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Management 
• Floods, Cloudbursts
• Droughts: types and impact
• Earthquakes and Tsunami Cyclones: features and impact
• Landslides
Fundamentals of Maps 
• Geo spatial data, Concept of Geographical data matrix; Point, line, area data
• Maps - types; scales-types; construction of simple linear scale, measuring distance; finding
direction and use of symbols
• Map projection- Latitude, longitude and time, typology, construction and properties of
projection: Conical with one standard parallel and Mercator's projection.
Topographic and Weather Maps 
• Study of topographic maps (1 : 50,000 or 1 : 25,000 Survey of India maps); contour cross
section and identification of landforms-slopes, hills, valleys, waterfall, cliffs; distribution of
settlements
• Satellite imageries, stages in remote sensing data- acquisition, platform and sensors and data
products, (photographic and digital)
People 
• The World Population- distribution, density and growth
• Population change - Components of population change, Demographic Transition
• Human development-concept; selected indicators, international comparisons 
• Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of population - linguistic,
religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population
Human Activities 
• Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence
agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some
examples from selected countries
• Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types - household, small scale, large scale; agro
based and mineral based industries;
• Tertiary activities - concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary
activities
• Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from
selected countries
Human Settlements 
• Rural settlements - types and distribution
• Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional classification
Transport, Communication and Trade 
• Land transport - roads, railways; trans- continental railways Water transport- inland
waterways; major ocean routes
• Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines
• Satellite communication and cyber space- importance and usage for geographical
information; use of GPS
• International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade;
role of WTO in international trade
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Resources and Development 
• Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and
distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber);
agricultural development and problems
• Water resources-availability and utilization- irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses;
scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed
management
• Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite,
Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas
and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and
conservation
• Planning in India-  target group area planning(case study); idea of sustainable development
(case study)
Transport, Communication and International Trade 
• Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas
pipelines; Geographical information and communication net works
• International trade- changing pattern of India's foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland
and airports
Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems 
• Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal
• Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums
• Land degradation
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