The Harappan civilization is believed to have flourished primarily in which geographical region of the Indian subcontinent?

Along the floodplains of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers.

The Harappan Civilization, discovered in 1921, is named after which site?

Harappa, located in West Punjab, Pakistan

What architectural feature distinguishes the layout of Harappan cities, and how does it reflect their town planning?

The Harappan cities were distinguished by a grid system layout, where roads intersected at right angles, creating organized blocks that facilitated efficient urban planning and infrastructure.

What types of agriculture were practiced by the Indus Valley Civilization and what evidence supports their agricultural practices?

What types of animals were commonly domesticated by the Harappans in the Indus Valley Civilization, and how were they utilized?

The Harappans domesticated oxen, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, asses, and camels. These animals were utilized for agricultural purposes, as pets, for labor as beasts of burden, and possibly for transportation.

The Harappan culture is known for its proficiency in the manufacture of ___ by mixing ___ with copper.

bronze; tin

The Harappans primarily engaged in trade using ___ instead of metal money.

barter

The Harappan civilization likely achieved cultural homogeneity through ___ that established a central authority.

political organization

The worship of trees, particularly the ___ tree, is a significant aspect of religious beliefs in the Indus region.

pipal

The Harappan script is primarily characterized as ___ rather than alphabetical.

pictographic

The Harappans utilized a weight system primarily based on multiples of ___, which continues to influence modern measurements in India.

16

Terracotta figurines from the Harappan culture served the dual purposes of ___ and ___.

toys and objects of worship

What factors contributed to the decline of the Harappan culture around 1900 B.C.?

The Indus region, referred to as Meluha in Mesopotamian records, extended from ___ in the north to the ___ in the south.

Jammu; Narmada estuary

The Harappan civilization is named after the site of ___, which was the first archaeological site discovered.

Harappa