Textbook Solutions: Food, Health and Diseases | Eureka Plus Class 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

I. Read each sentence given below and tick (✔) the correct reason. 

1. Our daily diet must have carbohydrates.
(a) Carbohydrates have a sweet taste.
(b) Food with carbohydrates is not expensive.
(c) Carbohydrates provide energy to the body
Ans: (c)

2. Our diet must be balanced.
(a) A balanced diet is easily available and has a good taste.
(b) A balanced diet helps the body grow and makes the body strong and healthy.
(c) A balanced diet is sugar-free and therefore very healthy.
Ans: (b)

3. The human body needs vitamins and minerals.
(a) Vitamins and minerals provide energy.
(b) Vitamins and minerals are needed for sound sleep.
(c) Vitamins and minerals help the body fight diseases and make the person healthy.
Ans: (c)

4. Our diet must contain food items that have fibre.
(a) Fibre in the food cleans the intestines.
(b) Fibre is a rich source of iron.
(c) Fibre kills germs present in the stomach.
Ans: (a)

5. We must not have food or drinks from roadside stalls.
(a) The food and juice are not tasty.
(b) The food is often cold and juices are warm.
(c) The food and juice can have germs and dust.
Ans: (c)

II. Write one word to represent each of the following: 

1. It is a component of the blood, regulates body temperature and helps in removing waste from the body __________
Ans: Water

2. a condition that arises when a person's diet lacks the needed amount of nutrients for a long period of time __________
Ans: Malnutrition

3. a condition in which one or more functions of the body get disturbed __________
Ans: Disease

4. extremely small living organisms that can cause diseases.
Ans: Germs

5. the type of disease that can be passed on from a sick person to a healthy person ______
Ans: Communicable

6. the ability of the body to resist diseases __________
Ans: Immunity

III. Answer the following questions In one sentence. 

1. Why does our body need protein-rich food?
Ans: Our body needs protein-rich food for growth, repair of tissues, and healing of damaged body parts.

2. Name three food items that provide fibre.
Ans: Fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

3. Where do germs live?
Ans: Germs can live in various places, including unclean food, water, and surroundings.

4. Which disease can be caused by the bite of an Aedes mosquito?
Ans: Dengue.

5. How does COVID-19 spread?
Ans: COVID-19 spreads through contaminated air, and symptoms include fever, dry cough, sore throat, and difficulty in breathing.

6. What does a vaccine contain?
Ans: A vaccine contains weakened or dead germs of a certain disease.

IV. Answer the following questions. 

1. Name any one vitamin and write about its importance. Name some food items rich in this vitamin.
Ans: Vitamin A is important for the proper functioning of the eyes, maintaining healthy bones, teeth, and skin. Food items rich in vitamin A include fish, liver, spinach, broccoli, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes, mangoes, and oranges.

2. Write 4-5 sentences about malnutrition.
Ans: Malnutrition occurs when a person's diet lacks the required nutrients over a long period. It leads to weakness, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to illnesses. A balanced diet is crucial to cure malnutrition, providing the necessary nutrients for overall health.

3. Explain how different communicable diseases spread.
Ans: Communicable diseases spread through air, water, food, insects, or direct contact with a sick person. Airborne diseases like tuberculosis and COVID-19 spread through respiratory droplets, while diseases like cholera and typhoid can be transmitted through contaminated food or water. Insects, such as mosquitoes, can also spread diseases like malaria and dengue.

4. List three measures that should be taken to prevent malaria.
Ans:

• Do not allow water to collect around your surroundings as mosquitoes lay their eggs in water. 
• Introduce fish into ponds to control mosquito larvae. 
• Use a mosquito net to prevent mosquito bites during sleep.

5. Name any one deficiency disease. Explain how it occurs and suggest a cure for the disease.
Ans: Scurvy is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C. Symptoms include swollen and bleeding gums. The cure involves eating a diet rich in vitamin C, found in fruits like oranges, lemons, and strawberries.

6. Explain how vaccines protect us from certain diseases.
Ans: Vaccines stimulate the immune system by introducing weakened or dead germs into the body. This exposure helps the body develop immunity, enabling it to recognize and fight the disease-causing germs more effectively. Vaccination thus provides protection against specific diseases.

Think and Answer

I. During the recent COVID-19 outbreak, doctors strongly advised that the infected person should not come in contact with others. What could be the reason for their advice?
Ans: The advice aims to prevent the spread of COVID-19, as the virus spreads through respiratory droplets when infected individuals cough or sneeze. Isolation helps minimize the risk of transmission to others.

II. Fortification is adding of vitamins and minerals to foods to prevent deficiency diseases. Which food items do you think should be fortified—cereals such as rice and wheat or dry fruits such as nuts and raisins? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans: Cereals such as rice and wheat should be fortified because they are staple foods for many people and are widely consumed. Fortifying these grains can help reach a larger population, addressing nutrient deficiencies on a broader scale.