Textbook Solutions: Rural and Urban Livelihood | Footprints Class 6: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

I. Tick (✔) the correct option. 

1.
Ans: (a)
"Primary occupations are those that involve getting raw materials from the natural environment. Agriculture and activities related to it are primary occupations."

2.
Ans: (c)
"Fishing is an important means of livelihood for families living near the seashore or rivers."

3.
Ans: (b)
"Secondary occupations are manufacturing activities that transform raw materials sourced from primary occupations into finished goods. For example, a biscuit factory needs wheat and other raw materials from the primary sector to make biscuits."

4.
Ans: (a)
"India is mainly an agrarian country, i.e., majority of the people are engaged in primary occupations."

5.
Ans: (b)
"In India, the agriculture sector employs more than 50 per cent of the total workforce (source: India Economic Survey 2018)."

6.
Ans: (b)
"Landless or Marginal Farmers... They work on the fields of other farmers and are usually unable to meet their daily needs."

7.
Ans: (a)
To give them employment during the lean season, the government often undertakes public work programmes, such as construction of roads and water tanks. While choosing workers for projects, the government gives preference to members of poor families.

8.
Ans: (b)
The White Revolution, also known as the Operation Hood, gave a major boost to the dairy sector In India In 1970.

9.
Ans: (c)
Savitha, a bank employee, saying, "Her employment terms are fixed and she has assured work.

10.
Ans: (c)
Rural and urban areas are strongly connected. Farmers buy tractors, machinery, fertilisers, good-quality seeds, pesticides and other finished articles from the cities. Similarly, food products and raw materials for factories can be procured from the rural sector.

II. State whether the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the statements to correct them. 

1.
Ans: False.
Tertiary occupations refer to activities or services that facilitate the working of primary and secondary sectors.

2.
Ans: False.
Correction: Marginal farmers are usually unable to meet their daily needs and work on the fields of other farmers.

3.
Ans: True.

4.
Ans: True.

5.
Ans: False.
The unorganised sector does not have clearly stated terms of employment and may not provide benefits.

III. Answer the following questions in brief. 

1.
Ans: Secondary occupations are manufacturing activities that transform raw materials sourced from primary occupations into finished goods. Examples include the ready-made food industry, textiles, and steel plants.

2.
Ans: Farming is the chief source of livelihood for people in rural areas in India. Challenges faced include seasonal unemployment, rural indebtedness, and the need for better economic opportunities.

3.
Ans: Rural indebtedness arises due to the need for money to buy seeds, pesticides, cattle, or to meet expenses like marriage or illness. High-interest rates from moneylenders and poor crop yields contribute to the difficulty of repaying loans.

4.
Ans: One difference is that regular employment typically has clearly defined terms, a fixed salary, and benefits, while self-employment may lack such clear terms and benefits.

5.
Ans: Migration refers to the movement of people from one area to another. People often migrate from rural to urban areas in search of better job opportunities and higher standards of living.

IV. Answer the following questions In detail. 

1.
Ans: Primary occupations involve obtaining raw materials from the natural environment, e.g., agriculture, mining, forestry. Secondary occupations are manufacturing activities transforming raw materials into finished goods, e.g., textiles, steel plants, ready-made food industry.

2.
Ans: Non-farming occupations in rural India include weaving, pottery, blacksmithing, carpentry, masonry, and services like collecting and selling forest produce. Fishing, animal husbandry, dairy farming, and poultry farming are also prevalent.

3.
Ans: Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are unemployed during certain seasons. The government helps by undertaking public work programs, offering employment during lean seasons, and directing banks to provide loans in times of need.

4.
Ans: Rural and urban sectors are interdependent. Rural areas supply raw materials to urban industries, and urban areas provide goods, machinery, and services back to rural areas. This mutual dependence contributes to the overall growth of the country.

5.
Ans: Workers migrate from rural to urban areas in search of better job opportunities, steady income, and improved living conditions. The rural sector may not provide employment throughout the year, leading to migration in pursuit of year-round work.