Textbook Solutions: What is Geography? | IGCSE Oxford Geography Foundations for Year 6 - Class 6 PDF Download

What is physical geography and...

Q1. Make a copy of table C below.

List the features shown in drawing A in the three columns.

Ans: 

Based on the features listed in Drawing A, here’s how they might be categorized:

Q2. Copy and complete these sentences:

a. Population geography is . ..

b. Settlement geography is .

c. Economic geography is .

Ans: a. Population geography is the study of the distribution, composition, and growth of human populations across the planet. b. Settlement geography is the study of the distribution and organization of human settlements and their relationship with the environment. c. Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution, and spatial organization of economic activities across the world.

Q3. Make a larger copy of table E.

Sort the statements from drawing D into the correct columns.

drawing D - 

• Looking for work

• Traffic jams in city centres

• Reasons for places to be crowded

• Problems in city centres

• How rich people are

• Land use in a city

• Immigrants moving into Britain

• Why few people live in desert areas

• Different beliefs and ways of life

• The location of shopping centres

• Why the UK is richer than Kenya

• Car making industry

Add at least two extra statements of your own to each column.

table E - 

Ans: 

Here’s how the statements from Drawing D could be sorted into the correct columns, with additional statements added:

... What is human geography

Q4. a. What is meant by the term 'quality of life'?
b. List six things that you think give people a good quality of life, and six things that give people a poor quality of life.

Ans: 

a. The term ‘quality of life’ refers to the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining the negative and positive features of life. It’s a broad concept that includes the emotional, physical, material, and social well-being perceived by people in their day-to-day lives. It encompasses both the external factors like health, education, and employment, and internal factors such as satisfaction, happiness, and personal fulfillment.

b. Factors contributing to a good quality of life might include:

1. Access to Healthcare: Being able to receive medical treatment and preventive care.
2. Educational Opportunities: Having access to quality education and lifelong learning.
3. Economic Stability: Earning a sufficient income to cover basic needs and savings.
4. Safety and Security: Living in a safe environment with low crime rates.
5. Social Connections: Having strong relationships with family, friends, and community.
6. Environmental Quality: Access to clean air, water, and green spaces.

Factors contributing to a poor quality of life might include:

1. Poverty: Struggling to afford basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing.
2. Illness or Disability: Chronic health problems or disabilities that limit daily activities.
3. Unemployment: Lack of job opportunities leading to financial and social stress.
4. Social Isolation: Limited social interactions and support networks.
5. Pollution: Living in areas with high levels of environmental pollution.
6. Lack of Education: Limited access to quality education and development opportunities.

What is environmental geography

Q1. a. Make a copy of table C.

Table C- 

b. List the features shown in drawing A in the two columns. The first two have been done for you.

Ans: 

a. Here’s the completed Table C based on the features shown in Drawing A:

Q2. In what ways has the area shown in drawing B been 

a. polluted or destroyed 

b. protected?

Ans: 

 Based on Drawing B, the area has been:

a. Polluted or Destroyed:

• Quarry in use causing landscape alteration.
• Soil erosion due to deforestation or poor land management.
• Buildings constructed on farmland, potentially reducing agricultural space.
• Vehicle emissions contributing to air pollution.
• Beach pollution from sewage outlet.
• Factory emissions polluting the air.
• Dirty river possibly due to industrial waste or sewage.
• Oil slick on the sea harming marine life.
• Untreated sewage discharged into the environment.

b. Protected:

• Old quarry hidden by trees, indicating reforestation or natural recovery.
• National Park designation suggests legal protection for natural areas.
• Nature reserves, spits, dunes, and marshes are often conserved for biodiversity and can act as natural barriers against erosion and storms.

How can we find out where places are?

Q1. Look at map D above. Name the city at each of the following:
a. 30 degree N 31 degree E                                                 b. 34 S 18 E
c. 40N 4W                                                                                     d. 24S 47W

Ans:  The cities at the given coordinates are: a Cairo, Egypt1. bCape Town, South Africa2. c. Madrid, Spain d. São Paulo, Brazil 

Q2. Use map D to give the latitude and longitude for each of these cities:

London

Moscow

Nairobi

Lagos

Buenos Aires

Brasilia.

Ans: 

The latitude and longitude for each of these cities are:

London: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W3.

Moscow: 55°45′21″N 37°37′2″E4.

Nairobi: 01°17′11″S 36°49′02″E5.

Lagos: 6°27′18″N 3°23′03″E6.

Buenos Aires: 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W7.

Brasilia: 15°47′38″S 47°52′58″W

How can we use graphs in geography?

Q1. Look at graph A.

a Name the four months with least rainfall.

b How much rainfall was there in November?

Ans: a. May, June, July, August
b. 95 mm

Q2. Look at graph B.

a What was the population in 1700?

b What does the graph suggest might happen to population in the future?

Ans: a. 0.75 thousand millions
b. The population will grow very rapidly

Q3. Look at graph C

a In which seasons are fewest holidays taken?

b What percentage of holidays are taken in summer?

Ans: a. Winter and Spring
b. 60 percent

Q4. Look at graph D.

a How much rainfall gave a river depth of 2 metres?

b Which point, A, B or C, shows there to be little rainfall and a small amount of water in the river?

Ans: a. 65mm

b. A

Q5. Which type of graph would be best for:

a showing the change in the cost of petrol

b comparing the size of UK cities

c showing how the land use of an area is divided up?

Ans: 

a. Showing the change in the cost of petrol: A line graph would be best for this purpose. It can effectively show trends over time, such as the fluctuations in petrol prices. The x-axis would typically represent time, while the y-axis would show the cost of petrol.

b. Comparing the size of UK cities: A bar graph or column chart would be ideal for comparison. Each bar or column would represent a city, and its height would indicate the size of the city, making it easy to compare the sizes at a glance.

c. Showing how the land use of an area is divided up: A pie chart would be the most effective here, as it can show the proportion of each type of land use within the total area. Each “slice” of the pie would represent a different type of land use and its relative area.

What is the value and use of geography?

Q1. Make a copy of the table below

a List the topics from drawing B in the correct columns.

b Add at least two more topics to each column.

 Drawing B - 

Planning walking routes

Lake District scenery

Migration and asylum seekers

• Local flooding in south-east England

• Pollution of rivers

• Using computers in ICT

• Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

• Traffic problems in your local area

Global warming

Damaging wildlife habitats

Table - 

Ans: 

Here’s the completed table with the topics from Drawing B and additional topics added:

Q2. In what ways do you think geography will help you in your life? Try to give at least six.

Ans: 

1. Spatial Awareness: Understanding how different places are connected and how geographical location impacts cultures and economies.
2. Environmental Stewardship: Recognizing the importance of protecting natural resources and ecosystems.
3. Cultural Understanding: Gaining insights into different cultures and lifestyles around the world.
4. Critical Thinking: Analyzing and solving complex problems related to physical and human environments.
5. Decision Making: Making informed decisions about travel, living situations, and community planning.
6. Career Preparation: Providing foundational knowledge for careers in environmental science, urban planning, and more.

Q3. Make a list of careers where the knowledge and skills that you learn in geography will be a help. Try to give at least ten.
Ans: 

1. Urban Planner
2. Environmental Consultant
3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Specialist
4. Climatologist
5. Cartographer
6. Travel Agent/Tour Guide
7. International Business Analyst
8. Conservation Officer
9. Disaster Response Coordinator
10. Real Estate Appraiser