The CPU & Microprocessor | Computer for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

What is the role of the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer?

• A computer system comprises both hardware and software elements.
• Key hardware components include input devices, the central processing unit (CPU), primary memory, secondary storage, and output devices.
• Input devices encompass keyboards, mice, game controllers, sensors, microphones, and webcams.
• Output devices include monitors, phone screens, speakers, printers, and motors.
• Users input data and commands via input devices, the CPU processes this data by executing instructions, and outcomes are then conveyed to output devices.

• The following illustrates the process of data input, processing, and subsequent output of results:
  

What is a microprocessor?

• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit housed on a single chip.
• Integrated circuits are small electronic circuits composed of transistors, capacitors, resistors, and other electronic elements.
• Within the integrated circuit resides a central processor tasked with executing arithmetic and logic operations, such as addition, subtraction, memory transfers, and number comparisons.
• Additionally, the single chip incorporates input/output interfaces and memory components.
• Microprocessors provide a compact means of data processing and find utility across various electronic devices, spanning from general-purpose computer systems to embedded systems.