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FAQs on Thermodynamics (Advanced) - Practice Sheet, Class 11, Chemistry - JEE
| 1. What is thermodynamics? |  |
Ans. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of heat, work, and energy transfer in a system. It focuses on understanding the behavior of macroscopic systems and their transformations. Thermodynamics is widely applied in various fields, including chemistry, engineering, and biology.
| 2. What are the laws of thermodynamics? | |
Ans. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles that govern the behavior of energy in a system. They are as follows:
- First Law: Also known as the law of conservation of energy, it states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. It can only change its form or be transferred between systems.
- Second Law: This law describes the concept of entropy and the direction of energy flow. It states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time, and processes occur in a direction that increases the total entropy of the system and its surroundings.
- Third Law: The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero.
| 3. What is the difference between heat and work in thermodynamics? | |
Ans. In thermodynamics, heat and work are two different forms of energy transfer.
- Heat: Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two objects due to a temperature difference. It occurs spontaneously from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object.
- Work: Work is the energy transfer that occurs as a result of a force acting on an object and causing displacement. It can be positive (when work is done on a system) or negative (when work is done by a system).
| 4. What is the significance of thermodynamics in chemistry? | |
Ans. Thermodynamics plays a crucial role in chemistry as it helps in understanding and predicting the behavior of chemical reactions. It provides insights into the energy changes that occur during reactions, the spontaneity of reactions, and the equilibrium conditions. Thermodynamics also helps in determining the efficiency of chemical processes and optimizing reaction conditions.
| 5. How is thermodynamics applied in engineering? | |
Ans. Thermodynamics is extensively applied in engineering for various purposes, such as designing efficient engines, power plants, and refrigeration systems. It helps engineers in analyzing and optimizing energy conversion processes, determining the efficiency of systems, and predicting the performance of machines. Thermodynamics principles are also used in material science, fluid dynamics, and other engineering disciplines.
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