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Page 1 The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was a rude shock and bitter disappointment for Warren Hastings. Therefore, he resigned and left India in June 1785. In 1787, Warren Hastings was impeached in the Parliament. Rohilla war of 1774, First Anglo-Maratha war and Second Anglo-Mysore war were the main battles fought with Indian kings during his period. Lord Cornwallis, a warrior-statesman, succeeded Warren Hastings as Governor-General in 1786. Third Anglo - Mysore War (1790-92) Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) became the Governor General of Bengal in 1786. He was also made Commander-in-Chief of the English army. The English started improving their relationship with the Nizam and the Marathas. Tippu, on the other hand, improved his resources. In 1789, the British concluded a tripartite alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas against Tippu. Tippu Sultan got the French help. He attacked Travancore in 1789 which was a friendly state of the English. So Cornwallis declared a war on Tippu in 1790. Both the troops had victories and defeats alternately. English forces occupied the hill forts near Srirangapattinam and seized it in February 1792. Tipu Sultan signed the Treaty of Srirangapattinam with the British. The English got Malabar, Coorg, Dindugal, and Baramahal (now the Salem and Erode areas). The map shown below clearly indicates the territories that gained by the tripartite alliance. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BRITISH RULE The terms of the treaty were as follows: ? Tippu had to give up his some dominions. ? He had to pay a war indemnity of three crore rupees and surrender two of his sons as hostages to the English. ? Both sides agreed to release the prisoners of war. Page 2 The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was a rude shock and bitter disappointment for Warren Hastings. Therefore, he resigned and left India in June 1785. In 1787, Warren Hastings was impeached in the Parliament. Rohilla war of 1774, First Anglo-Maratha war and Second Anglo-Mysore war were the main battles fought with Indian kings during his period. Lord Cornwallis, a warrior-statesman, succeeded Warren Hastings as Governor-General in 1786. Third Anglo - Mysore War (1790-92) Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) became the Governor General of Bengal in 1786. He was also made Commander-in-Chief of the English army. The English started improving their relationship with the Nizam and the Marathas. Tippu, on the other hand, improved his resources. In 1789, the British concluded a tripartite alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas against Tippu. Tippu Sultan got the French help. He attacked Travancore in 1789 which was a friendly state of the English. So Cornwallis declared a war on Tippu in 1790. Both the troops had victories and defeats alternately. English forces occupied the hill forts near Srirangapattinam and seized it in February 1792. Tipu Sultan signed the Treaty of Srirangapattinam with the British. The English got Malabar, Coorg, Dindugal, and Baramahal (now the Salem and Erode areas). The map shown below clearly indicates the territories that gained by the tripartite alliance. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BRITISH RULE The terms of the treaty were as follows: ? Tippu had to give up his some dominions. ? He had to pay a war indemnity of three crore rupees and surrender two of his sons as hostages to the English. ? Both sides agreed to release the prisoners of war. Reforms under Lord Conwallis The internal reforms of Cornwallis can be divided under three main heads. ? Administrative reforms ? Revenue reforms or Permanent Settlement ? Judicial and other reforms Administrative Reforms: The greatest work of Cornwallis was the purification of the civil service by the employment of capable and honest public servants. He is called father of Indian Civil Service Before Third Anglo Mysore war After Third Anglo Mysore war Page 3 The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was a rude shock and bitter disappointment for Warren Hastings. Therefore, he resigned and left India in June 1785. In 1787, Warren Hastings was impeached in the Parliament. Rohilla war of 1774, First Anglo-Maratha war and Second Anglo-Mysore war were the main battles fought with Indian kings during his period. Lord Cornwallis, a warrior-statesman, succeeded Warren Hastings as Governor-General in 1786. Third Anglo - Mysore War (1790-92) Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) became the Governor General of Bengal in 1786. He was also made Commander-in-Chief of the English army. The English started improving their relationship with the Nizam and the Marathas. Tippu, on the other hand, improved his resources. In 1789, the British concluded a tripartite alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas against Tippu. Tippu Sultan got the French help. He attacked Travancore in 1789 which was a friendly state of the English. So Cornwallis declared a war on Tippu in 1790. Both the troops had victories and defeats alternately. English forces occupied the hill forts near Srirangapattinam and seized it in February 1792. Tipu Sultan signed the Treaty of Srirangapattinam with the British. The English got Malabar, Coorg, Dindugal, and Baramahal (now the Salem and Erode areas). The map shown below clearly indicates the territories that gained by the tripartite alliance. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BRITISH RULE The terms of the treaty were as follows: ? Tippu had to give up his some dominions. ? He had to pay a war indemnity of three crore rupees and surrender two of his sons as hostages to the English. ? Both sides agreed to release the prisoners of war. Reforms under Lord Conwallis The internal reforms of Cornwallis can be divided under three main heads. ? Administrative reforms ? Revenue reforms or Permanent Settlement ? Judicial and other reforms Administrative Reforms: The greatest work of Cornwallis was the purification of the civil service by the employment of capable and honest public servants. He is called father of Indian Civil Service Before Third Anglo Mysore war After Third Anglo Mysore war He found three major issues prevailing in the existing system. He found that the servants of the Company were underpaid. But they received very high commissions on revenues. In addition to that they conducted forbidden and profitable private trade in the names of relatives and friends. He persuaded the Directors of the Company to pay handsome salaries to the Company servants in order that they might free themselves from commercial and corrupting activities. Cornwallis inaugurated the policy of making appointments mainly on the basis of merit thereby laying the foundation of the Indian Civil Service. To reduce the expenditure he abolished a number of surplus posts. Another major reform that Cornwallis introduced was the separation of the three branches of service, namely commercial, judicial and revenue. The collectors, the king- pins of the administrative system were deprived of their judicial powers and their work became merely the collection of revenue.Read More
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