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Water Transport in India

  • Most efficient, least costly and environment friendly means of transportation.
  • Water transport is of two types:
  • Inland waterways
  • Oceanic waterways

Inland waterways

  • The total length of navigable waterways in India comprising rivers, canals, backwaters, etc.
  • India has 14,500 km of navigable waterways out of which 3700 km is navigable by mechanised boats.
  • It contributes 1% of the country’s transportation.

Inland Waterways Authority

  • For the development, maintenance and regulation of national waterways in the country, the Inland Waterways Authority was set up in 1986.
  • The authority has declared 4 inland waterways as National Waterways

Transport in India - 2 | Lucent for GK - UPSC

Question for Transport in India - 2
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What is the purpose of the Inland Waterways Authority in India?
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National Waterways of India

  • NW 1: Allahabad to Haldia – 1,620 km
  • NW 2: Sadia to Dhubari (on Brahmaputra river) – 891 km
  • NW 3: Kottapuram-Kollam stretch of the West Coast Canal, Champakara Canal and Udyogmandal Canal – 205 km

NW 4: Kakinada to puducherry stretch of Canals and the Kaluvelly Tank, Bhadrachalam – Rajahmundry stretch of River Godavari and Wazirabad – Vijayawada stretch of River Krishna– 1,095 km

Ports in India

  • The Waterways Authority in India divides Indian ports into three categories, major, minor and intermediate.
  • India has about 190 ports in all, with 12 major and the rest intermediate and minor.
  • All these ports are administered by the respective Port Trusts, except the newly constructed Ennore port which is under the Ennore Port Ltd. Company.

Transport in India - 2 | Lucent for GK - UPSC

Salient Features

Kolkata Port (including Haldia) :

  • Kolkata is a riverine port, located about 128 km from the Bay of Bengal on the banks of river Hooghly. 
  • Haldia was developed because excessive silting prevented the entry of large marine vessels in Kolkata.

 Paradip Port :

  • Located on the Orissa coast along the Bay of Bengal. 
  • India exports raw iron to Japan from here.

Vishakhapatnam Port

  • The deepest port, located in Andhra Pradesh. 
  • It serves the Bhilai and Rourkela steel plants.

Tuticorin Port :

  • It came into existence during the reign of Pandya kings. 
  • It has an artificial deep sea harbour.

Cochin Port :

  • A fine natural harbour located on Kerala coast. 
  • Handles the export of tea, cofee and spices and import of petroleum and fertilisers.

 New Mangalore Port :

  • The ‘Gateway of Karnataka’. 
  • Handles the export of iron-ore of Kudremukh.

Marmugao Port :

  • It has a naval base. 
  • India’s leading iron-ore port.

Question for Transport in India - 2
Try yourself:
Which port in India serves the Bhilai and Rourkela steel plants?
View Solution

Mumbai Port :

  • A natural port, India’s busiest. 
  • A new port, Nhava Sheva, developed near Mumbai port.

Jawaharlal Nehru Port :

  • Occupies the 5th position in the world’s faster growing ports.

Kandla Port :

  • Called the ‘offspring of partition’ as it was developed after the partition as a substitute of Karachi port. 
  • It is a tidal port and a free trade zone located in the Rann of Kachchh.

Air Transport

  • It is the fastest means of movement
  • Air transport made a beginning in 1911 when airmail operation commenced over a little distance of 10 km between Allahabad and Naini 
  • Its real development took place in post-independence period

Airport Authority of India

  • Airport Authority of India is responsible for providing safe, efficient air traffic and aeronautical communication services in the Indian air space.
  • The authority manages 126 airports including 12 International airports
  • The air transport in India is managed by two corporations, Air India and Indian Airlines after nationalisation
  • In 1953, all the private Airline companies were nationalised and Indian Airlines and Air India came into existence.
  • Air India administers international flights while Indian Airlines caters to the domestic circuit.
  • Indian Airlines is now known by the name of ‘Indian’.
  • Vayudoot Limited started in 1981 as a private air carrier and later on it merged with Indian Airlines.
  • Pawan Hans Limited operates helicopter support services to oil sector, hill stations and remote areas.
  • Indian Airlines is now known by the name of ‘Indian’.
  • Vayudoot Limited started in 1981 as a private air carrier and later on it merged with Indian Airlines.
  • Pawan Hans Limited operates helicopter support services to oil sector, hill stations and remote areas.
  • A number of private airlines also operates is India. 
  • They are Jet Airways, Sahara, etc.
  • The Civil Aviation Centre in Fursatganj near Allahabad provided, among other things, ground training to the pilots.

There are 12 International Airports in India :

  • Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad
  • Calicut International Airport, Calicut
  • Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai
  • Chennai International Airport, Chennai
  • HAL Airport, Bangalore
  • Goa Airport in Vasco da Gama city, Goa
  • Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport, Guwahati 
  • Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi
  • Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata
  • Rja Sansi International Airport, Amritsar
  • Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad 
  • Thiruvananathapuram International Airport, Thiruvananathapuram 

Question for Transport in India - 2
Try yourself:
Which port in India is referred to as the 'offspring of partition'?
View Solution

Pipeline Transport

  • Pipelines are the most convenient and efficient mode of transporting liquids, gases over long distances
  • Even solids can be transported by pipelines after converting them into slurry

Merits 

  • Pipelines are laid through water as well difficult and different type of terrains.
  • The operational and maintenance cost of pipelines is very less. 

Demerits

  • detection of leakage, repairing, safety and security of the pipelines. 

Pipelines

  • Asia’s first cross country pipeline covering a distance of 1157 km was constructed by Oil India limited from Naharkatiya oilfields in Assam to Barauni refinery in Bihar.
  • It was further extended up to kanpur in 1966

 Some other important pipelines are:

  • Ankaleshwar- koyali 
  • Mumbai High- koyali 
  • Hajira- Vijaipur- Jagdishpur 
  • Salaya- Mathura
  • Numaligarh – Siliguri 
  • Paradip-Haldia-Barauni 
  • Haldia - Barauni Pipeline
  • Mathura-Delhi Pipeline
  • Panipat-Ambala-Jalandhar Pipeline (PAJPL)
  • Panipat-Delhi Pipeline (PDPL)
  • Panipat-Bhatinda Pipeline
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