Tribal Revolts | Jharkhand State (JPSC) PSC: Preparation - JPSC (Jharkhand) PDF Download

 Page 1


Jharkhand : General Knowledge Amar Ujala Publications
Giridih also plunged into Quit India Movement. Telephone and other means
of communication were disturbed. This movement also affected Koderma. One
hundred and thirteen activists were arrested in Tilaiya. The movement intensified
in Dhanbad. On 16th August, protesters gathered on Katras railway station but
the police dispersed them. Many of them were injured. Jharia post office and
railway stations of Dhanbad were set ablaze. Army was called from Asansol to
quell this movement.
Shopkepears, mill workers and local of Jamshedpur went on strike. The
police mutined under leadership of Ramanand Tiwary. Many people arrested
alongwith Ramanand Tiwary's team.
The Quit India Movement also swept Santhal Pargana. The patriots damaged
rail and telephone lines. The government buildings of Deoghar, Madhupur and
Jasidih faced the wrath of the freedom fighters. The Santhals and Pahariyas set
aflame the forest bungalows and the quarters of forest guards.A contingent of
force was sent to Madhupur, Godda, Rajmahal and Jamtara to contain the
movement.
Most of the activists of the Quit India Movement were imprisoned in
Hazaribagh jail. Jai Prakash Narayan & five of his followers escaped from the
same jail. Due to this authoities transferred leaders like Ram Narayan Singh,
Krishna Ballabh Sahay and Sukhlal Singh from Hazari bagh to Bhagalpur jail.
the movement continued till 1943. In this way the peoples of Jharkhand played
a very active role in the freedom movement of the country.
TRIBAL REVOLTS
In 1767 A. D the British entered in Jharkhand. There after many revolts took
place Jharkhand. This may be divided into three party.
(A) Bloody revolts of the tribals
(B) Moderate socio-economic movements
(C) The political movements.
(a) The Bloody Revolts : The period of bloody revolts of the Adivasees to
protect their Jharkhand land took place from 1771 to 1900 A.D The first ever
revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Manjhi,
a valiant Santhal leader in Santhal tribal belt in 1771. He wanted to liberate his
people from the clutches of the unscrupulous landlords and restore the lands of
their ancestors The British government sent its troops and crushed the uprisings
of Tilka Manjhi. Soon after in 1779, The Bhumij tribes rose in arms against the
British rule in Manbhum, now in West Bengal. This was followed by the chero
tribes unrest in Palamu. They revolted against the British Rule in 1800 A.D.
Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Bar way murdered their big
landlords of Srinagar West of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.
The tribal uprisings spread  eastward to Neighbouring Tamar areas of the
Munda Tribes. They too rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. The Hos in Singhbhum
Page 2


Jharkhand : General Knowledge Amar Ujala Publications
Giridih also plunged into Quit India Movement. Telephone and other means
of communication were disturbed. This movement also affected Koderma. One
hundred and thirteen activists were arrested in Tilaiya. The movement intensified
in Dhanbad. On 16th August, protesters gathered on Katras railway station but
the police dispersed them. Many of them were injured. Jharia post office and
railway stations of Dhanbad were set ablaze. Army was called from Asansol to
quell this movement.
Shopkepears, mill workers and local of Jamshedpur went on strike. The
police mutined under leadership of Ramanand Tiwary. Many people arrested
alongwith Ramanand Tiwary's team.
The Quit India Movement also swept Santhal Pargana. The patriots damaged
rail and telephone lines. The government buildings of Deoghar, Madhupur and
Jasidih faced the wrath of the freedom fighters. The Santhals and Pahariyas set
aflame the forest bungalows and the quarters of forest guards.A contingent of
force was sent to Madhupur, Godda, Rajmahal and Jamtara to contain the
movement.
Most of the activists of the Quit India Movement were imprisoned in
Hazaribagh jail. Jai Prakash Narayan & five of his followers escaped from the
same jail. Due to this authoities transferred leaders like Ram Narayan Singh,
Krishna Ballabh Sahay and Sukhlal Singh from Hazari bagh to Bhagalpur jail.
the movement continued till 1943. In this way the peoples of Jharkhand played
a very active role in the freedom movement of the country.
TRIBAL REVOLTS
In 1767 A. D the British entered in Jharkhand. There after many revolts took
place Jharkhand. This may be divided into three party.
(A) Bloody revolts of the tribals
(B) Moderate socio-economic movements
(C) The political movements.
(a) The Bloody Revolts : The period of bloody revolts of the Adivasees to
protect their Jharkhand land took place from 1771 to 1900 A.D The first ever
revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Manjhi,
a valiant Santhal leader in Santhal tribal belt in 1771. He wanted to liberate his
people from the clutches of the unscrupulous landlords and restore the lands of
their ancestors The British government sent its troops and crushed the uprisings
of Tilka Manjhi. Soon after in 1779, The Bhumij tribes rose in arms against the
British rule in Manbhum, now in West Bengal. This was followed by the chero
tribes unrest in Palamu. They revolted against the British Rule in 1800 A.D.
Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Bar way murdered their big
landlords of Srinagar West of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.
The tribal uprisings spread  eastward to Neighbouring Tamar areas of the
Munda Tribes. They too rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. The Hos in Singhbhum
were growing restless and came out in open revolt in 1820 and fought against
the landlords and the British troops for two years. This is called the Larka Kol
Risings 1820-1821. Then came the greal Kol Risings of 1832. This was the first
biggest tribal revolt that greatly upset the British Administration in Jharkhand.
It was caused by as attempt of the Zamindars to oust the tribal peasals their
hereditary possessions. The Santhal insurrection broke out in 1855 under the
leadership of two brothers sidhu and Kanhu. They tough bitterly against the
British troopsbut finally they two were crashed down.
Then Birsa Munda revolt broke out in 1895 and lasted till 1900. The revolt
though mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khurti, Tamar, Sarwada and
Bardgaon, pulled its supporters from oraon-belt of lohardaga, Sisai and every Bar
way. It was the longest and the greatest tribal revolt in Jharkhand. It was also the
last bloody tribal revolt in Jharkhand
Moderate movement of 20
th 
century
The 20
th 
century Jharkhand movement may be seen as moderate movement
as compared to the bloody revolts of the 19
th 
 century. Having the Chhotanagpur
Tenancy Act 1908 to protect their Lands, the tribal leaders now turned to socio-
economic development of the people. In 1914 Jatra Oraon started what is called
the Tana Movement. lates this movement joined the satyagrah Movement of
Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. This organisation had also political objectives in mind.
When the Simon commission in 1928 came to Patna the Chotanagpur Unnati
Samaj sent its delegation and placed its demand for a seperate Jharkhand state
for self rule by the tribals. The Simon Commission however did not accede to
the demand for a separate Jharkhand state. There after the Oraon organised
Kishan Sabha in 1931. In 1935 the Chotanagpur Unnati Samaj and the Kisha
Sabha were merged with a view to acquire political power subsiquently.
THE CHERO REVOLT
Churaman Rai’s reign of three decades witnessed the Chero revolt. It
witnessed the renewal of the Maratha, the outbreak of severe internal disturbances,
the depredations of the Pindaris and an unprecedented rise in the power of
Thakurais and finally the end of Chero dynesty.
In 1788, Churaman Rai was formally invested by the Government with the
Raja Sahib of Palamu and he paid ` 5000 as ‘Peshkash’,
In 1789, at the time of Decennial settlement, the estate of Palamu was ordered
to continue under the management and responsibility of Shiv Prasad Singh on
behalf of the minor ‘rajah’ Churaman Rai. Shiv Prasad had started a policy of
community a portion of the rents payable by the various tenure holders in return
for lump sum of money.
Shiv Prasad Singh and all important servants of Churaman Rai were also the
principal Jagirdars of Palamu. Their personal interests, therefore were at variance
Page 3


Jharkhand : General Knowledge Amar Ujala Publications
Giridih also plunged into Quit India Movement. Telephone and other means
of communication were disturbed. This movement also affected Koderma. One
hundred and thirteen activists were arrested in Tilaiya. The movement intensified
in Dhanbad. On 16th August, protesters gathered on Katras railway station but
the police dispersed them. Many of them were injured. Jharia post office and
railway stations of Dhanbad were set ablaze. Army was called from Asansol to
quell this movement.
Shopkepears, mill workers and local of Jamshedpur went on strike. The
police mutined under leadership of Ramanand Tiwary. Many people arrested
alongwith Ramanand Tiwary's team.
The Quit India Movement also swept Santhal Pargana. The patriots damaged
rail and telephone lines. The government buildings of Deoghar, Madhupur and
Jasidih faced the wrath of the freedom fighters. The Santhals and Pahariyas set
aflame the forest bungalows and the quarters of forest guards.A contingent of
force was sent to Madhupur, Godda, Rajmahal and Jamtara to contain the
movement.
Most of the activists of the Quit India Movement were imprisoned in
Hazaribagh jail. Jai Prakash Narayan & five of his followers escaped from the
same jail. Due to this authoities transferred leaders like Ram Narayan Singh,
Krishna Ballabh Sahay and Sukhlal Singh from Hazari bagh to Bhagalpur jail.
the movement continued till 1943. In this way the peoples of Jharkhand played
a very active role in the freedom movement of the country.
TRIBAL REVOLTS
In 1767 A. D the British entered in Jharkhand. There after many revolts took
place Jharkhand. This may be divided into three party.
(A) Bloody revolts of the tribals
(B) Moderate socio-economic movements
(C) The political movements.
(a) The Bloody Revolts : The period of bloody revolts of the Adivasees to
protect their Jharkhand land took place from 1771 to 1900 A.D The first ever
revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Manjhi,
a valiant Santhal leader in Santhal tribal belt in 1771. He wanted to liberate his
people from the clutches of the unscrupulous landlords and restore the lands of
their ancestors The British government sent its troops and crushed the uprisings
of Tilka Manjhi. Soon after in 1779, The Bhumij tribes rose in arms against the
British rule in Manbhum, now in West Bengal. This was followed by the chero
tribes unrest in Palamu. They revolted against the British Rule in 1800 A.D.
Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Bar way murdered their big
landlords of Srinagar West of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.
The tribal uprisings spread  eastward to Neighbouring Tamar areas of the
Munda Tribes. They too rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. The Hos in Singhbhum
were growing restless and came out in open revolt in 1820 and fought against
the landlords and the British troops for two years. This is called the Larka Kol
Risings 1820-1821. Then came the greal Kol Risings of 1832. This was the first
biggest tribal revolt that greatly upset the British Administration in Jharkhand.
It was caused by as attempt of the Zamindars to oust the tribal peasals their
hereditary possessions. The Santhal insurrection broke out in 1855 under the
leadership of two brothers sidhu and Kanhu. They tough bitterly against the
British troopsbut finally they two were crashed down.
Then Birsa Munda revolt broke out in 1895 and lasted till 1900. The revolt
though mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khurti, Tamar, Sarwada and
Bardgaon, pulled its supporters from oraon-belt of lohardaga, Sisai and every Bar
way. It was the longest and the greatest tribal revolt in Jharkhand. It was also the
last bloody tribal revolt in Jharkhand
Moderate movement of 20
th 
century
The 20
th 
century Jharkhand movement may be seen as moderate movement
as compared to the bloody revolts of the 19
th 
 century. Having the Chhotanagpur
Tenancy Act 1908 to protect their Lands, the tribal leaders now turned to socio-
economic development of the people. In 1914 Jatra Oraon started what is called
the Tana Movement. lates this movement joined the satyagrah Movement of
Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. This organisation had also political objectives in mind.
When the Simon commission in 1928 came to Patna the Chotanagpur Unnati
Samaj sent its delegation and placed its demand for a seperate Jharkhand state
for self rule by the tribals. The Simon Commission however did not accede to
the demand for a separate Jharkhand state. There after the Oraon organised
Kishan Sabha in 1931. In 1935 the Chotanagpur Unnati Samaj and the Kisha
Sabha were merged with a view to acquire political power subsiquently.
THE CHERO REVOLT
Churaman Rai’s reign of three decades witnessed the Chero revolt. It
witnessed the renewal of the Maratha, the outbreak of severe internal disturbances,
the depredations of the Pindaris and an unprecedented rise in the power of
Thakurais and finally the end of Chero dynesty.
In 1788, Churaman Rai was formally invested by the Government with the
Raja Sahib of Palamu and he paid ` 5000 as ‘Peshkash’,
In 1789, at the time of Decennial settlement, the estate of Palamu was ordered
to continue under the management and responsibility of Shiv Prasad Singh on
behalf of the minor ‘rajah’ Churaman Rai. Shiv Prasad had started a policy of
community a portion of the rents payable by the various tenure holders in return
for lump sum of money.
Shiv Prasad Singh and all important servants of Churaman Rai were also the
principal Jagirdars of Palamu. Their personal interests, therefore were at variance
with their duties and each of them took advantage of the young age and
inexperience of Churaman Rai to reduce the rent of the own lands by including
in the lost of Jagirs even those villages which were held at will. These Jagirdars
always created disturbances, which did not stop even after Churaman became
adult. In May 1795, he requested the Collector of Ramgarh to have a ‘Sazawal’
appointed to collect the revenue of Palamu. Under thee Sazawal system troops
were quartered in the Zamindary of the defaulting Zamindar and the revenue was
collected forcibly. But the situation did not improve. It worsened after 1799 when
internal disturbances coupled with foreign inroads made his position almost
untenable.
Bhukhan Singh (a Chero) ruler created disorder in Palamu in October 1880
with the support of 1500 armed men drawn from Sarguja, Chotanagpur and Tamar.
Tamar. A Maratha inhabitant of Surguja, Daljit Singh, helped Bhukhan Singh
because he was also hostile to the British. By the close of the year 1800,
Bhukhan Singh’s depredations became to severe and widespread to escape the
attention of authorities. The commander of Ramgarh, Mr. S. Jones, wrote to
Major William duff of Gaya for military assistance.
Early in March 1801. Lt.E. Roughsedge marched into Palamu with a detachment
of troops and expelled Bhukhan Singh and his adherents. They fled and took
shelter in Surguja. But Bachu Bhogta and Shiv Bakhsh Bhogta, who had assisted
Bhukhan Singh, surrendered to Roughsedge.
In spite of the initial success achieved by Roughsedge, Bhukhan Singh still
posed a threat to the peace and tranquility. His followers had already begun to
ransack Palamu with some of the in habitants of Surguja. To check these
disturbances Col. Jones and Maj. Davidson marched into Surguja through Palamu
in the summer of 1801. Their expedition had two companies of sepoys and two
pieces of canon.
But Bhukhan Singh fled from Surguja and took shelter in the Maratha
territories of Sambalpur and Chhattisgarh. Col. Jones stayed till the summer of
1802. He made arrangements for the security of the Company’s territories around
Surguja. In the first week of June 1802, col jones stacted the return march from
Surguja to Ramgarh. But he died on the way at Sherghati. Then the revolt of
Bhukhan Singh died out.
THE TAMAR REVOLT
The Tamar revolt was the outbrust of many things. It was the miseries and
hardship of people, the stringent revenue system, the influx of traders, legal
measures,discontent against the company's authority and repeated march of
troops through the region had made them highly suspicious of the British. The
hilly surroundings of Tamar rendered it safe for the inhabitants who formented
the British regime for a longtime.
Page 4


Jharkhand : General Knowledge Amar Ujala Publications
Giridih also plunged into Quit India Movement. Telephone and other means
of communication were disturbed. This movement also affected Koderma. One
hundred and thirteen activists were arrested in Tilaiya. The movement intensified
in Dhanbad. On 16th August, protesters gathered on Katras railway station but
the police dispersed them. Many of them were injured. Jharia post office and
railway stations of Dhanbad were set ablaze. Army was called from Asansol to
quell this movement.
Shopkepears, mill workers and local of Jamshedpur went on strike. The
police mutined under leadership of Ramanand Tiwary. Many people arrested
alongwith Ramanand Tiwary's team.
The Quit India Movement also swept Santhal Pargana. The patriots damaged
rail and telephone lines. The government buildings of Deoghar, Madhupur and
Jasidih faced the wrath of the freedom fighters. The Santhals and Pahariyas set
aflame the forest bungalows and the quarters of forest guards.A contingent of
force was sent to Madhupur, Godda, Rajmahal and Jamtara to contain the
movement.
Most of the activists of the Quit India Movement were imprisoned in
Hazaribagh jail. Jai Prakash Narayan & five of his followers escaped from the
same jail. Due to this authoities transferred leaders like Ram Narayan Singh,
Krishna Ballabh Sahay and Sukhlal Singh from Hazari bagh to Bhagalpur jail.
the movement continued till 1943. In this way the peoples of Jharkhand played
a very active role in the freedom movement of the country.
TRIBAL REVOLTS
In 1767 A. D the British entered in Jharkhand. There after many revolts took
place Jharkhand. This may be divided into three party.
(A) Bloody revolts of the tribals
(B) Moderate socio-economic movements
(C) The political movements.
(a) The Bloody Revolts : The period of bloody revolts of the Adivasees to
protect their Jharkhand land took place from 1771 to 1900 A.D The first ever
revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Manjhi,
a valiant Santhal leader in Santhal tribal belt in 1771. He wanted to liberate his
people from the clutches of the unscrupulous landlords and restore the lands of
their ancestors The British government sent its troops and crushed the uprisings
of Tilka Manjhi. Soon after in 1779, The Bhumij tribes rose in arms against the
British rule in Manbhum, now in West Bengal. This was followed by the chero
tribes unrest in Palamu. They revolted against the British Rule in 1800 A.D.
Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Bar way murdered their big
landlords of Srinagar West of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.
The tribal uprisings spread  eastward to Neighbouring Tamar areas of the
Munda Tribes. They too rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. The Hos in Singhbhum
were growing restless and came out in open revolt in 1820 and fought against
the landlords and the British troops for two years. This is called the Larka Kol
Risings 1820-1821. Then came the greal Kol Risings of 1832. This was the first
biggest tribal revolt that greatly upset the British Administration in Jharkhand.
It was caused by as attempt of the Zamindars to oust the tribal peasals their
hereditary possessions. The Santhal insurrection broke out in 1855 under the
leadership of two brothers sidhu and Kanhu. They tough bitterly against the
British troopsbut finally they two were crashed down.
Then Birsa Munda revolt broke out in 1895 and lasted till 1900. The revolt
though mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khurti, Tamar, Sarwada and
Bardgaon, pulled its supporters from oraon-belt of lohardaga, Sisai and every Bar
way. It was the longest and the greatest tribal revolt in Jharkhand. It was also the
last bloody tribal revolt in Jharkhand
Moderate movement of 20
th 
century
The 20
th 
century Jharkhand movement may be seen as moderate movement
as compared to the bloody revolts of the 19
th 
 century. Having the Chhotanagpur
Tenancy Act 1908 to protect their Lands, the tribal leaders now turned to socio-
economic development of the people. In 1914 Jatra Oraon started what is called
the Tana Movement. lates this movement joined the satyagrah Movement of
Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. This organisation had also political objectives in mind.
When the Simon commission in 1928 came to Patna the Chotanagpur Unnati
Samaj sent its delegation and placed its demand for a seperate Jharkhand state
for self rule by the tribals. The Simon Commission however did not accede to
the demand for a separate Jharkhand state. There after the Oraon organised
Kishan Sabha in 1931. In 1935 the Chotanagpur Unnati Samaj and the Kisha
Sabha were merged with a view to acquire political power subsiquently.
THE CHERO REVOLT
Churaman Rai’s reign of three decades witnessed the Chero revolt. It
witnessed the renewal of the Maratha, the outbreak of severe internal disturbances,
the depredations of the Pindaris and an unprecedented rise in the power of
Thakurais and finally the end of Chero dynesty.
In 1788, Churaman Rai was formally invested by the Government with the
Raja Sahib of Palamu and he paid ` 5000 as ‘Peshkash’,
In 1789, at the time of Decennial settlement, the estate of Palamu was ordered
to continue under the management and responsibility of Shiv Prasad Singh on
behalf of the minor ‘rajah’ Churaman Rai. Shiv Prasad had started a policy of
community a portion of the rents payable by the various tenure holders in return
for lump sum of money.
Shiv Prasad Singh and all important servants of Churaman Rai were also the
principal Jagirdars of Palamu. Their personal interests, therefore were at variance
with their duties and each of them took advantage of the young age and
inexperience of Churaman Rai to reduce the rent of the own lands by including
in the lost of Jagirs even those villages which were held at will. These Jagirdars
always created disturbances, which did not stop even after Churaman became
adult. In May 1795, he requested the Collector of Ramgarh to have a ‘Sazawal’
appointed to collect the revenue of Palamu. Under thee Sazawal system troops
were quartered in the Zamindary of the defaulting Zamindar and the revenue was
collected forcibly. But the situation did not improve. It worsened after 1799 when
internal disturbances coupled with foreign inroads made his position almost
untenable.
Bhukhan Singh (a Chero) ruler created disorder in Palamu in October 1880
with the support of 1500 armed men drawn from Sarguja, Chotanagpur and Tamar.
Tamar. A Maratha inhabitant of Surguja, Daljit Singh, helped Bhukhan Singh
because he was also hostile to the British. By the close of the year 1800,
Bhukhan Singh’s depredations became to severe and widespread to escape the
attention of authorities. The commander of Ramgarh, Mr. S. Jones, wrote to
Major William duff of Gaya for military assistance.
Early in March 1801. Lt.E. Roughsedge marched into Palamu with a detachment
of troops and expelled Bhukhan Singh and his adherents. They fled and took
shelter in Surguja. But Bachu Bhogta and Shiv Bakhsh Bhogta, who had assisted
Bhukhan Singh, surrendered to Roughsedge.
In spite of the initial success achieved by Roughsedge, Bhukhan Singh still
posed a threat to the peace and tranquility. His followers had already begun to
ransack Palamu with some of the in habitants of Surguja. To check these
disturbances Col. Jones and Maj. Davidson marched into Surguja through Palamu
in the summer of 1801. Their expedition had two companies of sepoys and two
pieces of canon.
But Bhukhan Singh fled from Surguja and took shelter in the Maratha
territories of Sambalpur and Chhattisgarh. Col. Jones stayed till the summer of
1802. He made arrangements for the security of the Company’s territories around
Surguja. In the first week of June 1802, col jones stacted the return march from
Surguja to Ramgarh. But he died on the way at Sherghati. Then the revolt of
Bhukhan Singh died out.
THE TAMAR REVOLT
The Tamar revolt was the outbrust of many things. It was the miseries and
hardship of people, the stringent revenue system, the influx of traders, legal
measures,discontent against the company's authority and repeated march of
troops through the region had made them highly suspicious of the British. The
hilly surroundings of Tamar rendered it safe for the inhabitants who formented
the British regime for a longtime.
Tamar had shaken off the authority of the Nagbanshi rulers for more than
twenty-five years. Drip Nath Shah had made several attempts to reduce it to
obedience and was twice assisted by the Marathas in his efforts. But his efforts
proved futile. Early in 1782, he tried to reduce the people of Tamar to obedience;
the result was that in February 1782, disturbances started afresh in Tamar. The
upheaval increased further in 1783, when the Tamar people secured the support
of the plunderers of Singhbhum. The disorder spread to a large tract adjoining
Tamar. Major James Crawford suggested an immediate chastisement of the people
of Tamar.
The insurgents were suppressed by Maj Crawford when he proceeded to
tamar in December 1783 James Crawford consented to the condition in the
interest of peace and tranquility. The latter surrendered on the condition that
they would not be delivered to the criminal court for trial.
Tamar remained peaceful for the next five years. Troubles however resumed
in 1789. The leaders of the fresh insurrection were Bishnu Manki and Mauji
Manki. They adopted a defiant attitude and refused to pay their revenues. Finally
Lt. Cooper advanced against them with a detachment of force and subdued them.
Tamar remained quite till 1794 but in the month of November it became
restless again. At that time the insurrection was joined also by the important
Jagirdars of Tamar. In January 2, 1795, the Board of Revenue at Calcutta informed
the Collector of Ramgarh that necessary orders had been issued from Government
for suppressing the Tamar disturbances. But nothing very tangible seems to
have bean achieved by the Government forces in Tamar during 1795 and the
campaign continued in 1796 also. Capt. B. Bayne withdrew to jhalda in February,
1796 for getting more reinforcements.
As soon as the withdrawal of Capt B Bayne to Jhalda, Thakur Das Munda.
Ram Shahi Munda took possession of the fort of Rahe which belonged to
Narendra Shahi and Kunwar lakchman Shahi on February 27, 1796 . Lakchman
Shahi and Narendra Shahi managed to escape. By the end of the month.
insurrection was widespread  and engulfed the entire region The Mankis and
Zamindars of silli, Mundas, and Rahe joined the uprising which continued till
1798.
Meanwhile the Company tried to extend its direct administration over
Chotanagpur areas. But the measure failed miserably. Disturbances broke our
once more in Tamar in August 1819. The main leaders included Daulat Rai Munda
of Itki, Shanker Manki of Kasujenga, Bhadra Munda and Tepa Manki of
Baghbania, Jhulkari Munda of Balulki, Ratani Manke and Mochi Rai Munda of
Sonapat, Gaji Rai Munda, Mangal Rai Munda and Shiva Nath Munda of Sindri
and the inhabitants of Lungtu. The disturbances, which began in August in 1819,
became more severe and widespread by September. Roughsedge sent on
November 20,1819, a party of forty matchlockmen led by Jamadar Shaikh
Page 5


Jharkhand : General Knowledge Amar Ujala Publications
Giridih also plunged into Quit India Movement. Telephone and other means
of communication were disturbed. This movement also affected Koderma. One
hundred and thirteen activists were arrested in Tilaiya. The movement intensified
in Dhanbad. On 16th August, protesters gathered on Katras railway station but
the police dispersed them. Many of them were injured. Jharia post office and
railway stations of Dhanbad were set ablaze. Army was called from Asansol to
quell this movement.
Shopkepears, mill workers and local of Jamshedpur went on strike. The
police mutined under leadership of Ramanand Tiwary. Many people arrested
alongwith Ramanand Tiwary's team.
The Quit India Movement also swept Santhal Pargana. The patriots damaged
rail and telephone lines. The government buildings of Deoghar, Madhupur and
Jasidih faced the wrath of the freedom fighters. The Santhals and Pahariyas set
aflame the forest bungalows and the quarters of forest guards.A contingent of
force was sent to Madhupur, Godda, Rajmahal and Jamtara to contain the
movement.
Most of the activists of the Quit India Movement were imprisoned in
Hazaribagh jail. Jai Prakash Narayan & five of his followers escaped from the
same jail. Due to this authoities transferred leaders like Ram Narayan Singh,
Krishna Ballabh Sahay and Sukhlal Singh from Hazari bagh to Bhagalpur jail.
the movement continued till 1943. In this way the peoples of Jharkhand played
a very active role in the freedom movement of the country.
TRIBAL REVOLTS
In 1767 A. D the British entered in Jharkhand. There after many revolts took
place Jharkhand. This may be divided into three party.
(A) Bloody revolts of the tribals
(B) Moderate socio-economic movements
(C) The political movements.
(a) The Bloody Revolts : The period of bloody revolts of the Adivasees to
protect their Jharkhand land took place from 1771 to 1900 A.D The first ever
revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Manjhi,
a valiant Santhal leader in Santhal tribal belt in 1771. He wanted to liberate his
people from the clutches of the unscrupulous landlords and restore the lands of
their ancestors The British government sent its troops and crushed the uprisings
of Tilka Manjhi. Soon after in 1779, The Bhumij tribes rose in arms against the
British rule in Manbhum, now in West Bengal. This was followed by the chero
tribes unrest in Palamu. They revolted against the British Rule in 1800 A.D.
Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Bar way murdered their big
landlords of Srinagar West of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.
The tribal uprisings spread  eastward to Neighbouring Tamar areas of the
Munda Tribes. They too rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. The Hos in Singhbhum
were growing restless and came out in open revolt in 1820 and fought against
the landlords and the British troops for two years. This is called the Larka Kol
Risings 1820-1821. Then came the greal Kol Risings of 1832. This was the first
biggest tribal revolt that greatly upset the British Administration in Jharkhand.
It was caused by as attempt of the Zamindars to oust the tribal peasals their
hereditary possessions. The Santhal insurrection broke out in 1855 under the
leadership of two brothers sidhu and Kanhu. They tough bitterly against the
British troopsbut finally they two were crashed down.
Then Birsa Munda revolt broke out in 1895 and lasted till 1900. The revolt
though mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khurti, Tamar, Sarwada and
Bardgaon, pulled its supporters from oraon-belt of lohardaga, Sisai and every Bar
way. It was the longest and the greatest tribal revolt in Jharkhand. It was also the
last bloody tribal revolt in Jharkhand
Moderate movement of 20
th 
century
The 20
th 
century Jharkhand movement may be seen as moderate movement
as compared to the bloody revolts of the 19
th 
 century. Having the Chhotanagpur
Tenancy Act 1908 to protect their Lands, the tribal leaders now turned to socio-
economic development of the people. In 1914 Jatra Oraon started what is called
the Tana Movement. lates this movement joined the satyagrah Movement of
Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. This organisation had also political objectives in mind.
When the Simon commission in 1928 came to Patna the Chotanagpur Unnati
Samaj sent its delegation and placed its demand for a seperate Jharkhand state
for self rule by the tribals. The Simon Commission however did not accede to
the demand for a separate Jharkhand state. There after the Oraon organised
Kishan Sabha in 1931. In 1935 the Chotanagpur Unnati Samaj and the Kisha
Sabha were merged with a view to acquire political power subsiquently.
THE CHERO REVOLT
Churaman Rai’s reign of three decades witnessed the Chero revolt. It
witnessed the renewal of the Maratha, the outbreak of severe internal disturbances,
the depredations of the Pindaris and an unprecedented rise in the power of
Thakurais and finally the end of Chero dynesty.
In 1788, Churaman Rai was formally invested by the Government with the
Raja Sahib of Palamu and he paid ` 5000 as ‘Peshkash’,
In 1789, at the time of Decennial settlement, the estate of Palamu was ordered
to continue under the management and responsibility of Shiv Prasad Singh on
behalf of the minor ‘rajah’ Churaman Rai. Shiv Prasad had started a policy of
community a portion of the rents payable by the various tenure holders in return
for lump sum of money.
Shiv Prasad Singh and all important servants of Churaman Rai were also the
principal Jagirdars of Palamu. Their personal interests, therefore were at variance
with their duties and each of them took advantage of the young age and
inexperience of Churaman Rai to reduce the rent of the own lands by including
in the lost of Jagirs even those villages which were held at will. These Jagirdars
always created disturbances, which did not stop even after Churaman became
adult. In May 1795, he requested the Collector of Ramgarh to have a ‘Sazawal’
appointed to collect the revenue of Palamu. Under thee Sazawal system troops
were quartered in the Zamindary of the defaulting Zamindar and the revenue was
collected forcibly. But the situation did not improve. It worsened after 1799 when
internal disturbances coupled with foreign inroads made his position almost
untenable.
Bhukhan Singh (a Chero) ruler created disorder in Palamu in October 1880
with the support of 1500 armed men drawn from Sarguja, Chotanagpur and Tamar.
Tamar. A Maratha inhabitant of Surguja, Daljit Singh, helped Bhukhan Singh
because he was also hostile to the British. By the close of the year 1800,
Bhukhan Singh’s depredations became to severe and widespread to escape the
attention of authorities. The commander of Ramgarh, Mr. S. Jones, wrote to
Major William duff of Gaya for military assistance.
Early in March 1801. Lt.E. Roughsedge marched into Palamu with a detachment
of troops and expelled Bhukhan Singh and his adherents. They fled and took
shelter in Surguja. But Bachu Bhogta and Shiv Bakhsh Bhogta, who had assisted
Bhukhan Singh, surrendered to Roughsedge.
In spite of the initial success achieved by Roughsedge, Bhukhan Singh still
posed a threat to the peace and tranquility. His followers had already begun to
ransack Palamu with some of the in habitants of Surguja. To check these
disturbances Col. Jones and Maj. Davidson marched into Surguja through Palamu
in the summer of 1801. Their expedition had two companies of sepoys and two
pieces of canon.
But Bhukhan Singh fled from Surguja and took shelter in the Maratha
territories of Sambalpur and Chhattisgarh. Col. Jones stayed till the summer of
1802. He made arrangements for the security of the Company’s territories around
Surguja. In the first week of June 1802, col jones stacted the return march from
Surguja to Ramgarh. But he died on the way at Sherghati. Then the revolt of
Bhukhan Singh died out.
THE TAMAR REVOLT
The Tamar revolt was the outbrust of many things. It was the miseries and
hardship of people, the stringent revenue system, the influx of traders, legal
measures,discontent against the company's authority and repeated march of
troops through the region had made them highly suspicious of the British. The
hilly surroundings of Tamar rendered it safe for the inhabitants who formented
the British regime for a longtime.
Tamar had shaken off the authority of the Nagbanshi rulers for more than
twenty-five years. Drip Nath Shah had made several attempts to reduce it to
obedience and was twice assisted by the Marathas in his efforts. But his efforts
proved futile. Early in 1782, he tried to reduce the people of Tamar to obedience;
the result was that in February 1782, disturbances started afresh in Tamar. The
upheaval increased further in 1783, when the Tamar people secured the support
of the plunderers of Singhbhum. The disorder spread to a large tract adjoining
Tamar. Major James Crawford suggested an immediate chastisement of the people
of Tamar.
The insurgents were suppressed by Maj Crawford when he proceeded to
tamar in December 1783 James Crawford consented to the condition in the
interest of peace and tranquility. The latter surrendered on the condition that
they would not be delivered to the criminal court for trial.
Tamar remained peaceful for the next five years. Troubles however resumed
in 1789. The leaders of the fresh insurrection were Bishnu Manki and Mauji
Manki. They adopted a defiant attitude and refused to pay their revenues. Finally
Lt. Cooper advanced against them with a detachment of force and subdued them.
Tamar remained quite till 1794 but in the month of November it became
restless again. At that time the insurrection was joined also by the important
Jagirdars of Tamar. In January 2, 1795, the Board of Revenue at Calcutta informed
the Collector of Ramgarh that necessary orders had been issued from Government
for suppressing the Tamar disturbances. But nothing very tangible seems to
have bean achieved by the Government forces in Tamar during 1795 and the
campaign continued in 1796 also. Capt. B. Bayne withdrew to jhalda in February,
1796 for getting more reinforcements.
As soon as the withdrawal of Capt B Bayne to Jhalda, Thakur Das Munda.
Ram Shahi Munda took possession of the fort of Rahe which belonged to
Narendra Shahi and Kunwar lakchman Shahi on February 27, 1796 . Lakchman
Shahi and Narendra Shahi managed to escape. By the end of the month.
insurrection was widespread  and engulfed the entire region The Mankis and
Zamindars of silli, Mundas, and Rahe joined the uprising which continued till
1798.
Meanwhile the Company tried to extend its direct administration over
Chotanagpur areas. But the measure failed miserably. Disturbances broke our
once more in Tamar in August 1819. The main leaders included Daulat Rai Munda
of Itki, Shanker Manki of Kasujenga, Bhadra Munda and Tepa Manki of
Baghbania, Jhulkari Munda of Balulki, Ratani Manke and Mochi Rai Munda of
Sonapat, Gaji Rai Munda, Mangal Rai Munda and Shiva Nath Munda of Sindri
and the inhabitants of Lungtu. The disturbances, which began in August in 1819,
became more severe and widespread by September. Roughsedge sent on
November 20,1819, a party of forty matchlockmen led by Jamadar Shaikh
Inayatullah. The latter’s action and his fire power compelled the insurgints to
escape to the hills. But this success proved short-lived as theinsurrection stretched
to other adjoining areas.
Tamar however, did not remain peaceful for long. Signs of ferment were
visible in January 1821. A new leader Kunta Munda had emerged on the scene
of Tamar by this time. The tribal leader had started preparations with the assistance
of the Larka Kols of Singhbhum. But Kunta failed to stage insurrection. Kunta
was arrested and sent to Midnapur and later to Ramgarh. The arrest of Kunta
had a salutary effect on the affairs of Tamar. But most of the big tenure holders
were still dissatisfied because Govind Shahi was running them by means of
perpetual law suits for arrears of revenue Roughsedge advised Cuthbert to
restrain Govind Shahi from coercing the subordinates and Jagirdars.
THE HO UPRISING
After the third Anglo Maratha war of (1818) the East India company tried
to strengthen its position in Singhbhum. The company made an agreement with
the ruler of Singhbhum in 1820 The agreement was against the interest of the
Hos because according to the agreement, the Raja of Singbhum will be recognized
as lord. The Sighbhum ruler not only declared superemacy over the chiefs of
Kharsawam and saraikela but also tried to regain a family idol from the latter
chief. The Monarch also made an effort to reduce the Hos to submission with
the help of the Company. The Hos reacted sharply and threw off all their
subordination and submission to the Raja and other chiefs of Singhbhum.
Major Rough sedge’s hope of compelling the Hos of the southern peers to
the new order of things was soon to be belied. Baba Narain Singh was appointed
at Jayantgarh with the assurances of the dispatch of hundred Barkandazees
from Sambalpuir to foster the good will. But hostilities soon broke out and
fighting took place between the loyal and refractory factions of the Larka Hos.
There were many encounters in which the loyalist emerged victorious.
Due to the triumph of the British arms over the Larkas, there was a great
psychological change over the entire Kolhar area. Ghasee Singh took advantage
of this situation and Previaled upon the Hos to pay him more than what they
were giving. This was against the advice of Major Rough sedge who had
counseled them not to ask anything more than what was being paid voluntarily.
But Ghasee Singh evaded payment of the arrears for two and half months
on one pretext or the other. The Subedar swung into action and detained Ghasee
Singh for a few hours. This was reserved by his Ho- brothers.
The Hos were already dissatisfied with the demands of the Subedar. The
reasons of their disaffection included the robbery of their goats, fowls etc by the
Barkandazees and the insult of the daughter of Kundoo Pater who was leading
Sardar of the locality. On 31st January 1821, the Hos attacked the Subedar and
his party. They routed the Subedar who suffered heavy losses.